COMBINED HEAT AND POWER

Transcription

1 COMBINED HEAT AND POWER

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3 COMBINED BENEFITS OF DISTRIBUTED COGENERATION Increasing demand for energy and long transmission distances from power plant to end user affect the reliability of the electricity supply, and also put pressure on the price of electrical and thermal energy. The power and energy market has been deregulated and liberalized, pushing power generation towards a decentralized model. More and more power and heat is being produced close to the point of consumption. At the same time, the world is calling for more efficient use of fuels to protect the environment for future generations. Wärtsilä addresses these demands with its Combined Heat and Power (CHP) solutions for utilities, IPPs, industry and municipalities. Typical plant sizes range from 4 to100 MWe, in single or multi-engine configurations. The combination of high efficiency and low emissions offered by Wärtsilä CHP plants is unequalled in the market. Wärtsilä engines as such comply with various national and local environmental requirements and with World Bank guidelines for power plants. Cogeneration is a closed process that requires no auxiliary cooling of the engines since the heat from the process is taken into profitable use. CHP plants, with their unbeatable electrical efficiency and high total efficiency throughout the load range, have very low CO 2 emissions, so they easily comply with the most stringent environmental and CHP regulations. Wärtsilä CHP plants can run on various grades of natural gas and liquid fuel, while still maintaining low emissions and high efficiency. The plants include thermal heat recovery for hot water, steam, direct-fire hot air, or chilled water raising an already efficient power plant, 43-45% in terms of net electricity, to a total efficiency of 90% or above. More efficient use of fuel also translates into lower emissions per unit of fuel. Typical specific CO2 emissions by WÄRTSILÄ CHP WIN-WIN CONCEPT different power plant types + + Extremely efficient utilization of primary fuels CO2 emissions in g/kwh + + Decentralized energy production (DE) enables individual CHP solutions that are 800 economical and efficient Optimized plant size with step-by-step 450 investment thanks to multi-unit design. 340 Gives lower investment risk in a changing 240 market 1) 2) + + Maximized plant availability in all operating situations Coal fired steam boiler Gas turbine fuel oil single cycle Gas turbine natural gas single cycle Diesel engine fuel oil single cycle Diesel engine emulsified fuel single cycle 1) 7 bar (g) saturated steam production. 2) Hot water production (45 C in/85 C out). Single cycle: g/kwh e. CHP-mode: g/kwh tot (heat + electricity). Gas engine natural gas single cycle Gas engine natural gas CHP + + Flexible operation for changes in power and heat demands + + Electrical output and efficiency are unaffected by the rate of heat production + + Lower power transmission costs + + On-site maintenance without production down-time = = Low capital and operational costs per output unit. High profitability! 3

4 PISTICCI, ITALY Type of customer...industry - IPP Engine type... 4 x Wärtsilä 18V34SG (Gas) 3 x Wärtsilä 18V32 (LBF) Total electrical output...22 MW + 24MW Total heat output MW MW Total effi ciency... 59% Fuel...Gas/Liquid biofuel PLANT CONCEPT Wärtsilä+CHP+plants+powered+by+reciprocating+ engines+offer+fl+exibility+and+uncompromising+ performance+wherever+power+and+heat+are+ required. Wärtsilä s+gas+and+diesel+engines+have+by+ far+the+highest+electrical+effi+ciency+for+prime+ movers+in+the+market.+the+exhaust+gases+and+ cooling+water+from+the+engine+can+fl+exibly+ be+utilized+for+numerous+applications+ +as+ low-pressure+steam+for+industrial+entities,+as+ district+heating+and/or+chilled+water+for+cities,+ offi+ce+complexes+and+municipalities;+or+the+ exhaust+gases+can+be+used+directly+for+drying,+ etc.+depending+on+customer+needs,+the+chp+ plant s+total+effi+ciency+can+even+exceed+90+%. Typical+heat+recovery+systems,+between+the+ prime+mover+and+the+customer s+equipment,+ are+of+ hang-on +type+and+ensure+both+ optimized+heat+production+and+effective+engine+ cooling+and+operation.+wärtsilä s+heat+recovery+ design+takes+into+account+all+the+customer s+ seasonal,+monthly,+weekly+and+daily+variations+ in+running+and+operational+heat+production+ conditions.+heat+production+does+not+affect+the+ electrical+output+or+the+electrical+effi+ciency+of+ the+prime+mover. The+modular+design+of+Wärtsilä+CHP+plants+ enables+rapid+delivery+anywhere+in+the+world.+ Prefabricated,+functionally+pre-tested+modules+ guarantee+consistent+quality+and+performance+ and+make+on-site+installation+a+matter+of+ assembling+and+connecting+the+modules.+ Wärtsilä+has+the+resources+and+capabilities+ to+carry+out+deliveries+ranging+from+the+supply+ of+equipment+and+engineering+to+complete+ turnkey+projects+including+engineering,+ procurement+and+construction.+a+globally+ experienced+project+organization+guarantees+ successfully+executed+deliveries+around+the+ world. One+of+the+benefi+ts+of+Wärtsilä s+modular+ plant+concept+is+the+unique+fl+exibility+of+ Wärtsilä 20V34SG Engine auxiliary module (EAM) operation+enabled+by+the+cascading+multiengine+structure+of+the+plants.+multi-unit+ installations+provide+load+fl+exibility:+extra+ generating+sets+can+be+turned+off,+while+the+ plant+continues+to+run+at+peak+effi+ciency+with+ as+many+units+as+required. As+needs+change,+the+design+of+the+plants+ makes+it+possible+to+increase+the+plant+size+in+ stages+by+adding+new+engines.+this+also+allows+ for+a+smaller+initial+investment+with+the+option+ to+expand+later+as+required. CHP module 4

5 Pre-engineered and pretested modules minimizes construction time and maximize reliability. MONOPOLI, ITALY Engines... 6 x Wärtsilä 18V46 + Steam turbine Output MW e (engines) + 11 MW e (turbine) Fuel...Liquid biofuel Emission control... SCR NO X abatement Exhaust gas silencer +10,950 Exhaust gas boiler CHPmodule Enginegenerator set FIELD CONCEPT EXAMPLE Where the building site is ample and not situated in the midst of a densely populated area, the single fl oor plant layout with an overall lower plant profi le is used. The main heat recovery system is situated outside the main engine hall, either under a separate roof or as weatherproof equipment. 21, ,500 Combined SCR/OXI-CAT (option) Radiator TOWN CONCEPT EXAMPLE When the plant is situated in the middle of a city or an industrial plant site, the layout is more compact and the protective shielding is stronger. The two fl oor plant lay-out allows a small and compact footprint. The exterior of the plant and possible architectural design of the power house has also to be suited to its surroundings. The emission levels have to be kept very low with effective emission reduction systems and heavyduty silencers have to be installed to eliminate any noice problems. CHP-module Engine-generator set 22,500 5

6 capacity or temperature in the industrial process or the district heating network. Such a plant is very suitable when all the heat and power it produces can be used for either heat or processing purposes. To optimize the balance between thermal and electrical energy production, each plant is customized to suit the needs of the end user. Whether it is hot water for district heating, industrial process steam or even chilled water, Wärtsilä provides a design that ensures maximum efficiency and the best possible overall solution. The automation system not only controls all the internal processes in the Wärtsilä CHP plant but is also carefully integrated with all necessary signals and connections to existing systems to guarantee a fully compatible plant. POWERFUL CHOICES The high efficiency of Wärtsilä s CHP plants translates into considerable savings in fuel costs compared to other technologies. For optimized balance and profitability, the plants are customized to the customer s specific needs. A decentralized combined heat and power plant increases the reliability of energy supply in the neighbourhood. Total energy production is local and close to the point of consumption. Local heat generation ensures a quick response to changes in LOW-PRESSURE STEAM GENERATION FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Electricity Steam generator Lube oil cooler CAC 1 and 2 Steam consumer Hot water consumer (optional) COGEN FOR MAXIMUM STEAM GENERATION Steam consumer Electricity Burner CAC 1 and 2 6

7 UJPALOTA, HUNGARY Type of customer...ipp Engine type... 3 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG Total electrical output MW e Total heat output MW th Total efficiency % Fuel...Gas 7 C TRIGENERATION Typical trigeneration solution for airports C 1-stage absorption chiller 12 C Chilled water or district cooling Electricity Boiler C CAC1/ jacket water C Hot water or district heating Lube oil cooler C Circulation pump HOT WATER GENERATION FOR DISTRICT HEATING APPLICATIONS 7

8 8 RINGKØBING, DENMARK: Type of customer...utility Engine type... 1 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG Total electrical output MW Total heat output MW Total effi ciency... 96% Fuel...Gas

9 Gas Liquid fuel Gas fuel Gas fuel Liquid fuel Liquid fuel Gas SG operation Dual-fuel operation GD operation Diesel operation ENGINE WORKING PRINCIPLES Derating factor Derating due to cooling water temperature. (Derating due to inlet air temperature starts at 45 C) Wärtsilä 20V34SG (radiator cooling) Industrial gas turbine Aeroderivate gas turbine Ambient temperature ( C) Source: GE Ger-3567 Ger-3695; Wärtsilä perf Wärtsilä reciprocating gas engines offer stable output and high performance in hot and dry conditions. No water consumed for plant cooling = remote area suitability! ENGINE TECHNOLOGY A+reciprocating+engine+is+the+most+effi+cient+ means+of+converting+liquid+or+gaseous+fuels+ into+energy. The+Wärtsilä+CHP+plant+can+run+on+most+ natural+gas+types,+heavy+and+light+fuel+oils,+and+ emulsifi+ed+fuels.+dual-fuel+engines+give+added+ reliability+to+the+chp+plant,+since+they+can+use+ whichever+fuel+is+available+at+the+lowest+cost. The+heart+of+Wärtsilä s+generating+sets+is+ Wärtsilä s+reliable+engine+technology,+the+result+ of+long+experience+of+demanding+marine+and+ power+plant+applications.+all+wärtsilä+engines+ have+a+simple+and+straightforward+modern+ design+with+facilities+for+easy+and+rapid+on-site+ maintenance. The Wärtsilä 20V34SG engine features the latest design in gas technology. 9

10 Typical interior and design of a control room in Wärtsilä power plants. CUSTOMER CARE Wärtsilä s aim is to ensure that customers obtain the best possible performance from their power plant investment throughout its lifecycle. After all, who could be better at this than the people who designed and built the plant? Wärtsilä provides a comprehensive range of services built on the concept of enhancing the customer s profitability by optimizing all aspects of the power plant operation. The services range from rapid spare parts delivery to a complete operation and maintenance partnership, allowing the customer to focus on their core business. Wärtsilä Operations & Maintenance currently runs more than 130 plants around the world, making it the world s leading power plant O&M contractor. If customers choose to operate the plant themselves, they can still rest assured that they have the best possible support available as and when needed from training and on-line support to service packages or plant modernization and upgrading. Wärtsilä s global network is always ready to make sure the power plant performs flawlessly, free of breakdowns and unwanted downtime throughout its lifetime. 10

11 COMBINED CYCLE SOLUTIONS Wärtsilä s combined cycle solutions with reciprocating engines reach plant efficiencies far above 50%. This is achieved by recovering energy from the otherwise wasted heat produced in thermal power plants, either by using a conventional steam bottoming cycle recovering hot exhaust gases or an organic rankine cycle recovering heat from sources with lower temperatures. Photo courtesy of Jung Bu City Gas and JB Enertek Co., Ltd CHEONG SOO, KOREA The purpose of Cheong Soo plant is to provide District heating and electricity (CHP) to a newly established and build town with about 6400 house holds including public buildings. The CHP plant generates electricity in parallell with the electrical grid and supplies the district heating to the network for the town. During summer the plant provides also district cooling. Type of customer... IPP Engine type...2 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG Total electricity output MW Total heat output MW Total efficiency % Fuel... Natural gas 11

12 THE SINGLE-SOURCE SUPPLIER THAT STAYS WITH YOU Wärtsilä has the resources and capabilities to carry out deliveries ranging from the supply of equipment and basic engineering to complete turnkey projects including financing, engineering, procurement, construction, operation and maintenance. BARAJAS AIRPORT, SPAIN In 2003, AENA, the Spanish Airport Authority, called for bids to supply thermal and electrical energy to the major Barajas airport in Madrid under a twenty-year power purchase agreement. The trigeneration plant, generating a net electric power of 33 MW, is connected to the airport s internal grid and to the public grid. The plant provides electricity continuously, as well as heating during the winter and cooling during the summer. Engines...6 x Wärtsilä 18V32DF Total electrical output MW e Total heat output MW th Total absorption cooling output...18 MW c Total efficiency... 74% Fuel... Natural gas/lfo LINATE AIRPORT, MILAN, ITALY Type:... Industrial self generation, Trigeneration Engines...3 x Wärtsilä 20V34SG Total electrical output...24 MW e Total heat output MW th Total efficiency % Fuel... Natural gas 12

13 THIS IS NOT THE FUTURE. THIS IS TODAY. THE+WÄRTSILÄ+TOWN+CONCEPT+is+a+ Combined+Heat+and+Power+plant+designed+for+ decentralized+energy+production+in+built-up+ areas+close+to+consumers.+these+facilities+ have+a+high+level+of+performance,+comply+with+ all+environmental+regulations+ +particularly+ noise+emissions+ +and+are+designed+to+ blend+smoothly+into+the+surrounding+urban+ architecture.+as+the+heat+recovery+system+ and+other+auxiliaries+are+built+into+functional+ modules+surrounding+the+engine,+town+ Concept+plants+have+a+small+footprint. Town+Concept+CHP+plants+can+also+easily+ be+expanded+as+the+demand+for+power+and+ heat+grows. Exhaust stacks Cooling radiators Exhaust gas boiler Transformer Control room Lubrication oil tank Engine air intake fi lters Engine generator set Module for hot water generation Engine exhaust outlet District heating pump Feed and return for district 13

14 POWER PLANT OUTPUT RANGE Gas engines Wärtsilä 34SG MW Dual-fuel engines (gaseous fuel/liquid fuel) Wärtsilä 32GD Wärtsilä 34DF Wärtsilä 50DF Liquid fuel (LFO, HFO, CRO, emulsified, LBF) Wärtsilä 20 Wärtsilä 32 Wärtsilä 46 LFO = light fuel oil HFO = heavy fuel oil CRO = crude oil LBF = liquid biofuel Boiler and absorption chillers at Madrid s Barajas airport, Spain. 14

15 Performance data as guidelines for CHP calculations Wärtsilä gas fuelled generating sets at 50 and 60 Hz Performance data Wärtsilä gas engines at frequency 50 Hz Wärtsilä gas engines at frequency 60 Hz Engine 9L34SG 16V34SG 20V34SG 20V34DF 18V50DF 9L34SG 16V34SG 20V34SG 20V34DF 18V50DF Engine optimization: + NO X 15 vol-% O 2 ) Gas + mode mg/nm * * * * Liquid + fuel+ mode * (LFO) (HFO) Gas + mode Liquid fuel + mode Gas + mode * 2000* * * * * Liquid + fuel+ mode * (LFO) (HFO) Gas + mode Liquid + fuel+ mode * 2000* Electric power kw Heat rate 1) kj/kwh Efficiency 1) % Cooling circuit inlet/outlet 2) C 36/59 36/66 36/67 36/69 36/77 36/68 42/83 36/58 36/65 36/66 36/68 36/75 36/68 42/85 HTCAC temperature inlet/outlet C 42/52 45/57 46/58 47/59 49/65 45/59 54/72 42/52 45/56 45/57 46/58 48/64 45/59 55/73 Cylinder temperature inlet/outlet C 84/91 82/91 82/91 81/91 83/91 80/85 79/85 84/91 83/91 82/91 81/91 83/91 80/85 78/85 Lubrication oil circuit inlet/outlet C 63/74 63/76 63/77 63/78 63/80 63/74 63/78 63/74 63/76 63/76 63/78 63/79 63/74 63/78 LTCAC temperature inlet/outlet C 36/37 36/38 36/39 36/39 36/41 36/38 42/46 36/37 36/38 36/38 36/39 36/40 36/38 42/46 Charge air flow ± 5% kg/s Exhaust gas flow ± 5% kg/s Exhaust gas temp. ± 15 C Exhaust gas energy ± 10% kw Cooling circuit-energy ± 10% kw HTCAC energy ± 10% kw Cylinder cooling energy ± 10% kw Lubrication oil energy ± 10% kw LTCAC energy ± 10% kw Heat losses by radiation ± 20% kw Note: Heat and mass balances are dependent on ambient conditions and plant application, above given figures are for guidance only and calculated at ISO 3046 reference conditions; 25 C ambient temperature, 100m above sea level and 30% relative humidity. 1) Heat rate and electrical efficiency at generator terminals, including engine-driven pumps, ISO 3046 conditions and LHV. Tolerance 5%. Power factor 0.8. Gas Methane Number >80 2) Single-circuit cooling system. * Adjustable NO X range according to local requirements. Heat rates given at the marked NO X optimization level. Heat rates at other NO X optimization levels to be checked case by case. Note! 1 ppm-v 15% O 2» mg/nm 3 15% O 2, NO X calculated as NO 2, Nm 3 defined at NTP ( K and kpa). Performance data as guidelines for CHP calculations Wärtsilä liquid fuelled generating sets at 50 and 60 Hz Performance data Wärtsilä diesel engines at frequency 50 Hz Wärtsilä diesel engines at frequency 60 Hz Engine 9L20 12V32 16V32 18V32 20V32 18V46 9L20 12V32 16V32 18V32 20V32 18V46 Engine optimization: + NO X 15 vol-% O 2 ) ppmvol 710* * * * * * * * * * * *-970 Electric power kw Heat rate 1) kj/kwh Efficiency 1) % High temperature circuit inlet/outlet C 84/91 79/96 80/96 80/96 80/96 80/91 84/91 80/96 80/96 80/96 80/96 80/91 HTCAC temperature inlet/outlet C 87/96 87/96 88/96 87/96 83/91 87/96 87/96 88/96 88/96 83/91 Cylinder temperature inlet/outlet C 84/91 79/87 80/87 80/88 80/87 80/83 84/91 80/87 80/87 80/88 80/88 80/83 Low temperature circuit inlet/outlet C 34/47 38/49 38/49 38/49 38/49 42/55 34/48 38/49 38/49 38/49 38/49 42/55 Lubrication oil circuit inlet/outlet C 63/78 63/77 63/78 63/78 63/79 63/80 63/77 63/77 63/78 63/78 63/79 63/80 LTCAC temperature inlet/outlet C 34/44 38/43 38/43 38/43 38/43 42/47 34/44 38/43 38/43 38/43 38/43 42/47 Charge air flow ± 5% kg/s Exhaust gas flow ± 5% kg/s Exhaust gas temperature ± 15 C Exhaust gas heat ± 10% kw High temperature circuit-energy ± 10% kw HTCAC energy ± 10% kw Cylinder cooling energy ± 10% kw Low temperature circuit-energy ± 10% kw Lubrication oil energy ± 10% kw LTCAC energy ± 10% kw Heat losses by radiation ± 20% kw Note: Heat and mass balances are dependent on ambient conditions and plant application, above given figures are for guidance only and calculated at ISO 3046 reference conditions; 25 C ambient temperature, 100m above sea level and 30% relative humidity. 1) Electrical output at generator terminals, including engine-driven pumps at 100% load. ISO conditions and LHV (42700 kj/kg). Tolerance 5 %. Power factor 0.8. * Adjustable NO X range according to local requirements. Heat rates given at the marked NO X optimization level. Heat rates at other NO X optimization levels to be checked case by case. Note! 1 ppm-v 15% O 2» mg/nm 3 15% O 2, NO X calculated as NO 2, Nm 3 defined at NTP ( K and kpa). 15

16 Wärtsilä is a global leader in complete lifecycle power solutions for the marine and energy markets. By emphasising technological innovation and total efficiency, Wärtsilä maximises the environmental and economic performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers / Bock s Office / Litoset In 2008, Wärtsilä s net sales totalled EUR 4.6 billion with 19,000 employees. The company has operations in 160 locations in 70 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Helsinki, Finland. WÄRTSILÄ is a registered trademark. Copyright 2005 Wärtsilä Corporation. WÄRTSILÄ is a registered trademark. Copyright 2010 Wärtsilä Corporation.