Poland s Energy Strategy: Clean Coal and Renewables

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1 The National Academies Washington, D.C 3 December 2009 Poland s Energy Strategy: Clean Coal and Renewables Piotr D. Moncarz, Ph.D., P.E., SCPM Consulting Professor, Stanford University Corporate Vice President, Exponent

2 The Electricity Age for Passenger Vehicles New Sources of Electricity?

3 Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels 61% 8% International Energy Agency 2007 data 31%

4 Fuel Shares of Electricity Generation International Energy Agency

5 World s Fossil Fuel Reserves

6 Countries with Primarily Coal-Dependant Electricity Country % of coal based electricity generation Germany 49% USA 50% Greece 59% Czech Rep. 61% Maroco 67% India 69% Kazachstan 70% Israel 76% China 78% Australia 79% South Africa 92% Poland 95%

7 Coal in US Electrical Energy Production Bradshaw & Dance, 2005

8 Electrical Energy Demand of Poland by 2030 Annual rate of increase 3% Generation capacity 35 GW Need to be retired by GW Generation capacity required in GW New capacity needed by 2030* 45 GW * 2 GW /year

9 Coal a Principal Energy Sourcefor Poland and for the USA Energy independance cannot be achieved solely by the use of currentlyunderdevelopment green energy sources Fossil fuel resourceshave to be mobilized with greater efficiency, higher recovery rate, and greener technologies Coal used as-usual becomes unacceptable to environment-conscious nations

10 Poland Actively Pursuing Green Coal Technologies Polygeneration plant in Kędzierzyn with CO2 sequestration Production Capacity: Syn-Gas Production: CO 2 sequestration: 283 MWe; 125 MW t 1,42 blm Nm 3 /year Tonn/year Ograniczenie emisji CO 2 : 92% Investment: 2 bln USD

11 Underground CoalGasification Coal processed underground produces gases which provide hydrogen, synthetic gases, and heat Underground coal gasification has been studied insitu since 1940 s in all corners of the world More then 160 plants worldwide produce 50,000 MWt of syngas (Simbeck, 2002)

12 Why UCG? Lower operational costs then conventional mining Mining cost Surface area Transportation and storage Refuse disposal No surface gasification Safety issues in mining Unminable coal deposits Environmental advantages (controlled CO 2,NO x, SO x )

13 Risk Based Decision Making in UCG LLNL Best Practice in UCG

14 PLRT and Pol-Tex Methan Principal elements of radical coal processing(zakiewicz Method): Super Daisy Shaft Jet Stingers Uniform, fine crushing ( rubblization )propellant technology Constant and progressive re-agitation Process controls Principal advantages Process CO 2 utilization and sequestration Elimination of NOx and 80% of the energy needed for air injection To-dateunattainable coal seam extractionrate (over 80%)

CO 2 POLISH LABORATORY OF RADICAL TECHNOLOGIES CEEC & Hydrogenium Suprematio Project E Slurried: Sand-clay, Bio-masses, Wastes With Catalytic Components CO+CO 2 +CH 4 +SO 2 +H 2 +H 2 O High Temp.

15 CO 2 POLISH LABORATORY OF RADICAL TECHNOLOGIES CEEC & Hydrogenium Suprematio Project E Slurried: Sand-clay, Bio-masses, Wastes With Catalytic Components CO+CO 2 +CH 4 +SO 2 +H 2 +H 2 O High Temp. STEAM Electric Generators Driven by turbines E1 e High Temp. STEAM Binary Heat Exchanger Electric Generators Driven by turbines E2 e O 2 COMPRESSOR HEPHEASTUS H2 REACTOR Criogenic Plant COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR N 2 H 2 Binary Heat Exchanger H 2 0 Set of combustion motors and electric generators operated with synthesis gas (As alternative to turbine drivers) G1 e E3 e Electric Generators Driven by turbines CO 2 CO 2 Sequestration Slurried Back filling Author: Bohdan M. Zakiewicz All commercial and intelectual rights-reserved

16 Integration of Mining and Pyrolisis Technologies

18 Temperatures in the Earth Temperatures in Fahrenheit Depth in miles 1,250 7,200 2,500 9,000 4,000

19 4 miles Subsurface Rock Temperatures 6 miles The Future of Geothermal Energy, MIT 2006

20 Geothermic Solution Technology Power Plant Super Daisy Shaft Heat Harvesting Jet Stingers (Zakiewicz Harvesters) ~3,000 ft ~17,000 ft ~1 mile

22 Challenges and Opportunities in Technology Transfer & Research Developers Education Consumers Leaders and Followers Manufactures

23 Conclusions & Recommendations Coal is, and will remain, an important element of Poland and U.S. energy and chemical sectors U.S. National Laboratories and corporations have a significant body of research in the area of underground coal processing; Poland is on the verge of implementing pilot UCP programs A joint effort between U.S. and Polish scientist/researchers should be carried out to develop disruptive technologies in order to harvest calorific and chemical value from coal Cooperation between U.S. and Polish scientists and technologists in the area of other renewable energies, i.e. EGS, should be stimulated

24 Thank you! Piotr D. Moncarz

Majuba Underground Coal Gasification

Majuba Underground Coal Gasification 17 September 2010 Presenter: MJ BEESLAAR Context Coal is the predominant natural energy resource in RSA. Eskom presently generates 88% of its electricity from coal.