Road Map to Waste Prevention, Waste minimization and Resource Management

Transcription

1 ISWA Main Sponsors: Waste is a choice Road Map to Waste Prevention, Waste minimization and Resource Management Björn Appelqvist Vice Chair ISWA WG Recycling & Waste Minimization Project Manager, Environmental Department, City of Copenhagen ISWA Beacon Conference on Waste Prevention & Recycling Buenos Aires, June 21-22, 2011

2 Waste Management? 2

3 Waste Management! 3

4 Waste Hierarchy? 4

5 Moving towards recycling 5

6 Challenges of these times 6

7 Welfare 7

8 Consumption and waste Tv s per 1,000 inh. Waste generation (kg/inh) Population Africa billion India billion China billion France million Japan million USA million 8

9 Resource extraction Biomass Fossil Fuels Minerals Metals Resource extraction [10 9 t] 9

10 Distribution of resource use around the world 100% Oceania North America Latin America Europe Asia Africa 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Share of extraction [%]

11 Economic importance and supply risks Low economic importance / low supply risk High economic importance / low supply risk High economic importance / high supply risk 11

12 Traditional instruments will not suffice 12

13 Moving towards Resource Management PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION END OF LIFE Extraction Manufacturing Transport Distribution Purchasing Use Re use Preparing for Re use Separate Collection Recycling Reduction at source Avoided waste flows Sustainable consumption Diverted waste flows Other treatment and recovery WASTE PREVENTION Waste Minimization WASTE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

14 The Road Map Optimize material use and material recoverability in the life cycle of products Decrease material use in consumption Widely and effectively improve collection and recovery of materials 14

15 Key Instruments to apply 1. Introduce or enhance recycling schemes Organic waste, paper and cardboard, metals, glass, plastic, electric and electronic equipment, batteries, hazardous waste Designed to fit waste composition and local circumstances Curbside collection is generally more effective Involve shops and retailers in the collection system Communicate. Not once, not twice, but all the time. 15

16 Key Instruments to apply 2. Use economic instruments Waste will always flow to the cheapest outlet Therefore economic instruments have the strongest steering power Make sure that undesired outlets are more expensive than desired outlets. Netherlands Flanders - Landfill and incineration tax per captita per captita percentage percentage - Pay as you throw systems Deposit-return-systems Green taxation Total municipial waste [kg/capita] % 70% 65% 60% 55% 50% Percentage recovered waste [%] 16 Year

17 Key Instruments to apply 3. Extended Producer Responsibility Goals of EPR - Stimulate eco-design - Enhance separate collection and recycling - Include environmental cost in the product price (polluter pays principle) Especially effective to enhance separate collection and recycling of waste with a negative market value. Can give strong effects, but needs to be carefully dimensioned. Creates market conditions in favor of recycling Is financed through producers Needs strong enforcement and control mechanisms. 17

18 Key Instruments to apply 4. Green Public Procurement Use the purchasing power of the government Can help to create a critical mass Needs clear and verifiable criteria 5. R&D Policy Many key innovations have their origin in publically funded research. Build scientific and technological capacity Stimulate innovation Create havens for pioneers where traditional rules are more flexible 18

19 Key Instruments to apply 6. Integrate prevention and recycling in environmental permitting Can apply to SME and Industry Can be taken into account in each phase of permitting procedure Requires trained personnel 7. Integration of environmental criteria in product regulation Banning of hazardous substances Requirements for energy consumption Requirements for traceability and recyclability Criteria for material use 19

20 Key Instruments to apply 8. Product Service Systems Consumers want to be enabled. A service can be a good alternative for a product Leads to dematerialization of consumption Enhances possibilities for EPR 20

21 Key Instruments to apply 9. Sustainable design Need to define criteria for sustainability Different types of goods, products an services need a different approach to sustainability 21

22 Conclusion Traditional waste management solutions need to be applied to the full extend for separate collection and recycling worldwide Traditional waste management alone can not solve the challenges we are facing regarding resource use and material & energy scarcity We need to optimize material use and dematerialize our consumption It is necessary to act on many levels and with many partners. The question is not which instruments to apply, but how to apply and combine the available instrument. Most important now is to raise awareness for the necessity of action and to create the right environment for these instruments to be apllied 22

23 ISWA Main Sponsors: Waste is a choice The choice is (y)ours Björn Appelqvist Vice Chair ISWA Working Group Recycling & Waste Minimization Project Manager, Environmental Department, City of Copenhagen bjoapp@tmf.kk.dk