SWAMPSCOTT, MA. Calculating Solar and Wind Renewable Energy Potential using GIS. Presented by: Rachel McCarter

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1 SWAMPSCOTT, MA Calculating Solar and Wind Renewable Energy Potential using GIS Presented by: Rachel McCarter Salem State University GPH 904: GIS Research Professor Dr. Marcos Luna

2 15 miles Northeast of Boston; Essex County on the coastline; Suburban Town with 13,787 people; INTRODUCTION The Town is Approximately 7.8 km 2 Town Webpage: Renewable Energy Committee Geothermal energy investigated during Town Hall renovations Solar Power energy investigated at Middle School and High School Installed since April 2012 Wind Power energy investigated at four different locations Rejected since pay back would roughly take 16 years

3 PURPOSE 1. Determine how much energy can be harvested from Solar Voltaic Units if every building over 1,000 square feet (92.9 square meters) contains panels on 25% of each rooftop. 2. Determine potential locations for Wind Turbines and how much energy they could harvest using Elevation (greater than 25 meters), Slope (5% or less), and Appropriate Land Use Characteristics. 3. Compared two different DEM interpolation during evaluation processes Kriging vs. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) - Mean Solar Radiation Calculations for Solar Energy Potential - Elevation and Slope Calculations for Wind Energy Potential

4 Kriging vs. IDW Kriging Interpolations is based on neighboring locations plus the overall spatial relationships within the dataset. IDW Interpolation is based on values at nearby locations weighted by distance from the interpreted location. Comparing Known Points to Interpolated Locations Elev. % Error = ( DTM Elev/DEM Elev ) / DTM Elev

5 SOLAR Energy Method DATA: MassGIS DTM Points and Buildings TOOLS: ArcGIS DEM Interpolation - Solar Radiation - Raster Clipping DEM (Kriging or IDW) Solar Radiation Area Tool MEAN Solar Radiation Raster Watt-hr/year/Meter 2 Selected Buildings Building Conditions - Over 1,000 Square Feet - Not High School & Middle School Raster Clipping Tool Mean Solar Radiation per Building Field Calculations Watt-Hours/Year 25% of Housing Area times Mean Radiation per Building Field Calculations KWh/Year 13% Efficiency Rate divided by 1000 (Conversion Factor)

6 RESULTS: Solar Energy Potential From Kriging DEM: Mean Solar Radiation Range: 346,563 to 1,286,740 Watt-hr/year/Meter 2 33,259 MWh Potential Solar Energy Supplies 3,326 Housing Units per year* From IDW DEM: Mean Solar Radiation Range: 198,974 to 1,287,850 Watt-hr/year/Meter 2 33,346 MWh Potential Solar Energy Supplies 3,335 Housing Units per year* IDW METHOD ESTIMATED AN ADDITIONAL 9 MORE HOUSING UNITS CAN BE SUPPLIED PER YEAR COMPARED TO KRIGING METHOD. (Approximately AN ADDITIONAL 90,000 KWh per year.) NOTES: - *Based on House Hold Annual Consumption of 10,000KWh (Energy Information Admin.) - There were 3,706 buildings selected out of 5,639

7 WIND Energy Method DATA: MassGIS DTM Points, Land Use, Average Wind Speed (50M) ELEVATION (Greater than 25 Meters) PERCENT SLOPE (Less Than 5%) TOOLS: ArcGIS DEM Interpolation - Slope (percent) - Raster Overlay Math Using IDW 1.97 km km 2 ACCEPTABLE LAND USE - Brush Land - Forest - Open Land - Transitional Using Kriging 1.46 km km km 2

8 WIND Energy Method (Cont.) LAND AREA RESTRICTIONS: - Areas Needed to be over 2,000 Square Meters (1.25 Square Miles) - Only 50% of the Area will be used for Wind Turbines - A wind Turbine will require 1,000 Square Meters Acceptable Locations (based on IDW Calcs) km 2 Overlay of Calculated Acceptable Locations (Kriging and IDW) Acceptable Locations (based on Kriging Calcs) km 2 White: Kriging Only L. Blue: Kriging and IDW D. Blue: IDW Only

9 WIND Energy Method (Cont.) How to Calculate Wind Energy Output: AEO = x D x V AEO = Annual Energy Output, KWh/year D = Rotor Blade Diameter, feet V = Annual Average Wind Speed, mph at 50 meters 50 Meter Height Turbine D = 156 for 50 Meter Wind Turbine V= mph (6.45 m/s) at 50 Meters 1 Turbine can produce 576 KWh per year Windustry.pdf

10 RESULTS: Wind Energy Potential From Kriging DEM: Overall Acceptable Location Area: km 2 From IDW DEM: Overall Acceptable Location Area: km 2 There are 27 Areas that can hold a total of 63 Wind Turbines overall There are 22 Areas that can hold a total of 50 Wind Turbines overall MWh Potential Wind Energy Supplies 3.62 Housing Units per year* MWh Potential Wind Energy Supplies 2.88 Housing Units per year* KRIGING METHOD ESTIMATED AN ADDITIONAL 7,400 KWh PER YEAR COMPARED TO IDW METHOD. NOTE: - *Based on House Hold Annual Consumption of 10,000KWh (Energy Information Admin.)

11 DISCUSSION SOLAR ENERGY IDW provided a higher estimate of approximately 90,000KWh per year which could supply 9 more housing units compared to Kriging when calculating solar energy potential. Solar Power could potentially supply 59% of the overall buildings in Swampscott if 25% of all buildings over 1,000 square feet contained Solar Voltaic Panels. WIND ENERGY Kriging provided a higher estimate of approximately 7,400KWh per year with an additional 13 locations for Wind Turbines. Wind Energy takes up a lot of space and appears to not be as efficient providing less than 1% of Swampscott s total energy. Look into more efficient Wind Turbines for the Area. Beware of the Interpolation Method used, overall it could provide similar, but slightly different quantitative and spatial location results.

12 Additional REFERENCES How to Calculate Wind Power Output, (Accessed: April 2014). Windustry: The Scale of Wind Power, (Accessed: April 2014) Energy Information Administration (EIA). International Energy Outlook (Accessed: April 2014). ESRI ArcGIS Desktop: Release Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute. Massachusetts Information Technology Office of Geographic Information (MassGIS). Office of Geographic Information (MassGIS). (Accessed: March 29, 2014) U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Reports. (Accessed: April 2014). Note: Solar Energy Harvesting Method provided by Dr. Marcos Luna at Salem State University