Sustainable Energy Contribution to Solving the World s Energy Demands. Prof. Dr. C. Ahrens, Jadehochschule, ZDI, WCCE
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1 Sustainable Energy Contribution to Solving the World s Energy Demands
2 Sustainable Energy Contribution to Solving the World s Energy Demands 54th ECCE General Meeting Belek, Turkey, Oct SC Environment & Sustainability just before at Departments of Civil and of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing and Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun Oct Prof. Dr. Carsten Ahrens Jadehochschule Oldenburg, Germany ZDI, Germany World Council of Civil Engineers (WCCE)
3 1. Solar Energy Contribution to Solving the World s Energy Demands
4 Energy Comittee of WFEO under chairmanship of Jorge Spitalnik, BR
5 World s Energy Demands World Population Energy Demand billion TWh / y ( electrical) > 70% fossil energy 2050 min. 8.5 bio TWh / y > 70 % renewable????
6 Fossil Energy Sources and reserves
7 Renewable Energy Yields (per sqare km in EUMENA)
8 Solar Energy Physical Data Radiation flux density of sun - outside atmosphere - on surface Mankind s energy flux density 343 W/m2 165 W/m W/m2 Sun offer x mankind s needs Motto of solar enthusiasts for the 21 Century: Harvest just 1/5000 of the sun s offer
9 Where to harvest solar energy? How to harvest solar energy? How to transport solar energy products, mainly electricity? How to store the volatile solar energy?
10 Solar Energy Availability
11 Solar Thermal potentials for Electricity Generation
12 Solar Energy harvesting systems Photo voltaic technology (PV) Solar thermal technology (Th)
13 Photo voltaic technology (PV)
14 Photo voltaic technology (cont. 1) Utility scale plant in Lieberose, Germany 53 MWp, modules, 160 Mio
15 PV (cont. 4) PV market of the world and in Europe 2009
16 PV (cont. 5) Global cumulative installed capacity share 2010
17 PV (cont. 9) Development in China
18 PV (cont. 10) Politically driven situation in Europe Feed-in Tariffs in Germany and Spain
19 PV (cont. 11) Grid parity in Europe
20 PV (cont. 12) EU power map
21 PV (cont. 13) EU power map
22 CSP (cont. 1) Harvesting in Granada Province, Spain
23 CSP (cont. 3) EUMENA DESERTEC project
24 CSP (cont. 4) Desertec The idea - Radiation is quite uniform across desert regions. - The hot deserts cover around 36 Million km² (UNEP, 2006) of the 149 Million km² of the earths land surface. - The solar energy arriving per 1 year on 1 km² desert is on average 2.2 Terawatt hours (TWh), yielding 80 Mio Terawatt hours/year. - This is a factor of 750 more than the fossil energy consumption of 2005, and there is still a factor of 250 if this demand would triple until 2050
25 CSP (cont. 5) EUMENA Desertec energy mix for ME &NA
26 CSP (cont. 6) EUMENA Desertec CO2 emission
27 CSP (cont. 7) EUMENA Desertec Electricity transport
28 CSP (cont. 8) Storage of (heat) energy in Andasol 3 plant
29 Ringwall-Speicher as a Generation and Storage System - self consistent for solar and wind power Two artificial lakes, lower lake with 10 km diameter Water level in higher lake 215 m above lower lake Water difference 20 m resp. 50 m at max. in lower resp. Higher lake Average power 2 GW (max. 3.2 GW) for 14 days
30
31 1. Wind Power Energy Contribution to Solving the World s Energy Demands
32 1. Wind Power Energy Contribution by off-shore wind power plants in Germany as an example
33 Accumulated Capacity (world) Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
34 Installed Capacity (Germany) Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
35 Accumulated Capacity (Germany) Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
36 Share and rotor diameter (Germany) Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
37 Regional distribution (Germany) Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
38 Wind Energy as Job Market Jobs in the wind energy sector: chance for the future Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
39 Offshore Power Plants Is this the future? Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
40 First offshore projects with 5 MW converters BARD on Tri-Piles Alpha Ventus on Mono-Piles
41 Alpha Ventus Distance about 1km
42 Offshore Areas in the German Bight of the North Sea Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
43 Offshore Area in the German Bight Suitable area: km2 more than 20 project fields are licensed Including the relatively small and suitable German part of the Baltic Sea up to wind power generators are licensed summing up to a capacity of > MW
44 Wind Speed Isoclines in m/s in the German Bight
45 Wind and Operating Conditions German Wind Energy Association (BWE): Average wind speed 10 m/s (force 5) in about 50 m height Prevailing directions Operating time hours/year Height of waves: average 6 8 m (up to 10 m) in winter Main direction North-West
46 First Pilot Projects Alpha Ventus 12 wind power generators 5 MW each sums up to 60 MW Bard Offshore 1 80 wind power generator 5 MW each sums up to 400 MW area is 60 km x km
47 Installation Platform for Bard Offshore 1 Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
48 Offshore Tranformer Stations
49 Power of Biggest Windturbines Technical development also for the Offshore market The currently biggest wind turbines Enercon E-112 Repower 5M Multibrid M5000 Capacity 4,5 MW 5 MW 5 MW Hub hight 112 meters 120 meters meters Rotor diameter 114 meters 126 meters 116 meters Currently installed 5 turbines 1 turbine 1 turbine Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009 (Emden, Wilhelmshaven, etc.) (Brunsbüttel) (Bremerhaven)
50 The 5 MW turbine BARD VM (soon 6.5 MW)
51 Side-effect Repowering of Old Windparks Vorher Windpark Hemme (Meklenburg-Vorpommern) Nachher Alternative Energy Congress Kuwait 2009
52 Common Purpoise ( each year in the North
53 Hydrosound level measurements
54 Comparison of sound impact due to VSM and Pile Driving VSM Pile Driving BSH Standard Sound pressure level < 117 db db Peak level ca. 195 db < 122 db 160 db 160 db The BSH standard of 160 db is valid for a distance of 750 m (BSH is the German Office for Sea Traffic and Hydrography)
55 VSM Technology Kinematic features
56 VSM (detailed principle)
57 VSM-offshore feasibility study (cont.)
58 Feasibility study - comparison
59 Possibility of Founding by VSM and Pile Driving Type of soil Light medium dense (sand) Pile Driving good VSM good Dense with stones (sand and silt) bad/difficult good Very dense (sand, silt, clay,, gravel) impossible (quite) good
60 Green energy in Germany Germany owns 16 nuclear power stations In of them are shut down (1/2 of all!) And nobody really realised it The overall share of wind power in D is about 10% - in lower saxony (my province) it is close 50 % -
61 Thank you for your Attention Carsten Ahrens Jadehochschule ZDI, Germany
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