VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK IV SEMESTER EI603 APPLIED THERMO DYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS Regulation 03 Academic Year 07 8 Prepared by Mr. S. Pungaiya, Assistant Professor (O.G.) Mechanical Engineering Mr. T. Karthick, Assistant Professor (O.G.) Mechanical Engineering Mr. P. Vijayan, Assistant Professor (O.G.) Mechanical Engineering

2 SUBJECT VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK : EI603 APPLIED THERMO DYNAMICS AND FLUID DYNAMICS SEM / YEAR : IV Semester / II Year EIE UNIT I - LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND BASIC IC ENGINE CYCLES Systems zeroth law, first law of thermodynamics concept of internal energy and enthalpy applications to closed and open systems second law of thermodynamics concept of entropy clausius inequality and principles of increase in irreversible processes. Basic IC engine and gas turbine cycles-- single and multistage reciprocating compressors. PART A Q.No Questions BT Level Competence. Define state, process and cycle.. List out the various non flow processes. 3. Define the term scavenging related with IC engines.. Label various parts of four stroke diesel engine with a sketch.. Distinguish between open and closed system. 6. Tabulate the differences between two stroke and four stroke petrol engine. 7. Name the different types of I.C engines. 8. Summarize the functions of carburettor in petrol engine. 9. Distinguish Clausius statement with Kelvin Plank statement. 0. Give example with explanation for intensive and extensive properties.. Discuss zeroth law of thermodynamics.. Express the equations for work done and heat transfer in polytrophic process 3. Calculate the mass of the air, if the specific heats at constant pressure and volume are kj/kg K and 0.7 kj/kg K respectively. The volume of air at a pressure of bar and 7 C is 0. m3 3. Classify the air compressor 3. Demonstrate the working of gas turbine with the help of p V diagram Explain Gas laws 7. Differentiate otto cycle, diesel cycle and dual cycle based on the processes 8. Compare isothermal process with adiabatic process 9. the functions of piston and crankshaft of an I.C engine. 0. Generalize the steady flow energy equation 6 PART B. i) Describe the following: a) Enthalpy, b) Entropy () ii) of gas at 0 bar and 0oC expands adiabatically, until its pressure is bar. It is then compressed, isothermally, to its original volume. the final temperature and pressure of the gas. Also evaluate the change in internal energy. Take Cp= kj/kg K; and Cv= kj/kg K. (9)

3 . i) State and explain clausius inequality and principle of increase in irreversible processes. (8) ii) Differentiate flow and non-flow process with example. () 3. i) Tabulate the differences between four stroke and two stroke engines. () ii) Explain the working principle of four stroke petrol engine with suitable Sketches. (9). i) Tabulate the differences between Petrol and diesel engines. () ii) Explain the working principle of two stroke petrol engine. (9). i) In an otto cycle, the temperatures at the beginning and end of isentropic compression are 36 K and 96 K respectively. Determine the air standard efficiency and compression ratio. (9) ii) Tabulate the differences between Otto and Diesel cycle. () 6. Examine the efficiency of an open circuit constant pressure gas turbine plant with the following specifications. The extreme of pressure and temperature in plant are bar,.bar and C and 60 C respectively. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 88% and that of the compressor is 8%. (3) 7. i) Explain the working of gas turbine plant with the help of Brayton cycle. (6) 3 3 ii) Express by deriving, the air standard efficiency of a Brayton cycle in terms of pressure ratio and compression ratio. (7) 8. i) Explain the working principle of four stroke diesel engine. (9) ii) Illustrate Diesel cycle and Dual cycle with the help of p V and T S diagram. () 3 Explain 9. Predict the rate of shaft work input in KW, and the ratio of inlet to outlet diameter for the given compressor. The air flows steadily at the rate of 0. Kg/s through the compressor, entering at 7 m/s, 00 KPa pressure and 0.9 m3/kg and leaving at m/s velocity, 700 KPa and 0.9 m3/kg. the internal energy of air leaving is 90 KJ/Kg greater than that of air entering cooling water in the compressor jacket absorb heat at the rate of KW. (3) 0. i) Describe the following: i) PMM and ii) First Law of thermodynamics. () ii) State and explain the corollaries of second law of thermodynamics. (9). the total work done and the pressure, volume and temperature at all the points for the following sequence of processes of a system. It exists with 0. m3 of a gas at bar and K. If it is expanded adiabatically to bar. The gas is then heated at constant pressure till the enthalpy increases by 70 KJ. Sketch the processes on P V plot. (3). i) Explain the principle and working of single stage reciprocating air compressor with suitable sketch. (0) ii) List out the advantages of multistage air compressor. (3) 3. i) Deduce steady flow energy equation. () ii) A Steady flow thermodynamic system receives fluid at the rate of 6 kg/min

4 with an initial pressure of bar, velocity 0m/s, Internal energy 800 kj/kg and density 7 Kg/m3. The fluid leaves system with a final pressure of 8 bar, velocity 00 m/s, Internal Energy 800 kj/kg of heat during passing through the system and rises through 60 m. Estimate the Work done during the process. (8) 3. i) the steady flow energy equation to steam nozzle and boiler and obtain 3 the final expression. (6) ii) Calculate the size of the cylinder for a double acting air compressor of 0 kw indicated power in which air is drawn in at bar and C and compressed according to the law pv. = C to 6 bar. Speed of the compressor is 00 rpm and average piston speed is. m/min. Neglect the clearance. (7) PART C. i) Explain steady flow energy equation and its applications in various thermodynamic systems. (8) ii) the working of gas turbine power plant and its cycle. (7). A two stage air compressor compresses air from bar and 0 C to bar. If the law of compression is pv.3 = constant and the inter cooling is perfect. per kg of air (i) The work done in compression and (ii) The mass of cooling water necessary the temperature rise of the cooling water is C. () 3. A heat engine is supplied with 78 kj/s of heat at a constant fixed temperature of 83 C and the heat rejection takes place at C. The following results were reported: (a) 08 kj/s are rejected, (b) 39kJ/s is rejected, (iii) 70kJ/s is rejected. Classify which of the results report a reversible cycle or irreversible cycles or impossible cycle. (). Enumerate the conditions which much be fulfilled by a reversible process. Give some examples of ideal reversible processes. () UNIT II - THERMODYNAMICS OF REFRIGERATORS AND PUMPS Properties of steam Ranking cycle Boilers and its accessories Basic thermodynamics ofrefrigerators and heat pumps.- Basics of Heat transfer PART A Q.No Questions BT Level Competence. List out boiler mountings and accessories.. Define boiler. How it is classified? 3. Tabulate the differences between mountings and accessories of boiler.. When the steam is called as saturated and when it is called super heated?. Define the terms sensible heat and latent heat of vaporization of water. 6. Name the important parts of steam power plant. 7. Identify the thermodynamic definitions of heat pump and refrigerator. 8. Express the term dryness fraction. 9. Differentiate between refrigeration & air conditioning. 0. Estimate the volume occupied by Kg of dry saturated steam at 0 bar.

5 . Distinguish conduction from convection.. Discuss Fourier s law of conduction. 3. Calculate the total rate of energy emission from a black surface of area 0.3m at a temperature of 000k. 3. Illustrate the Rankine cycle with the help of p V diagram. 3. Compare source and sink thermodynamically. 6. Measure the Entropy of the wet steam with dryness fraction of 0.8 at 0 bar. 7. Point out the working of heat engine with the help of block diagram. 8. Explain the effect of reheating in Rankine cycle. 9. Recommend the parts required to improve the efficiency of a steam power plant. 0. Modify heat pump into refrigerator with the help of block diagram. 6 PART B. i) Describe the construction and working of a Water tube boiler with neat sketch.(9 ii) Classify boilers with examples. (). i) Describe the characteristics of high pressure boilers. () ii) Explain the construction and working of any one high pressure boiler with neat sketch. (9) 3. i) Discuss about boiler mountings and accessories with examples. () ii) Explain the function of pressure gauge and fusible plug. (8). Illustrate the Rankine cycle with p V and H S diagram and derive the 3 efficiency of steam power plant. (3) 3. One kg of steam at 0 bar exists at the following conditions. i) Wet and 0.8 dry ii) dry and saturated & iii) at a temperature of 99.9⁰C. Interpret the data using steam tables and find the enthalpy, specific volume, density, internal energy and entropy at each case. Take CPS =. kj/kg. (3) 6. Consider a steam power plant operating on the ideal Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 63 K and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 0 kpa. Measure (i) the thermal efficiency of this power plant, (ii) the thermal efficicency if steam is superheated to 873 K instead of 63 K. (3) 7. i) Estimate the internal energy and enthalpy of steam when the steam conditions at 0 bar are i) 0.8% dry and ii) 30 C (9) ii) Explain the function of economizer and super heater used in boilers. () 8. i) Calculate the efficiency of a steam power plant operating on Rankine cycle between pressure limits of 30 bar and 0.0 bar. Steam at turbine inlet is dry saturated. (0) ii) Point out the quantity of heat required to produce kg of steam at a pressure of 6 bar and at a temperature of C When the steam is wet having a dryness fraction of 0.9. (3) 9. i) Compare the Heat Engine from Heat Pump. (3) ii) A simple Rankine Cycle works between pressure 8 bar and 0.06 bar, the initial condition of steam being dry Saturated. Calculate the Cycle Efficiency, Work Ratio and SFC. (0)

6 0. i) Write short notes on various modes of heat transfer. (3) ii) an expression for the heat transfer through a 3 layers composite wall. (0). A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 700ᴼC and 0ᴼC. The engine drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures of 0ᴼC and ᴼC. The heat transfer to the engine is 00 kj and the network output of the combined engine refrigerator plant is 00 kj. Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir at 0ᴼC. (3). i) Define Conduction and Convection, when it happens? () ii) The wall of a refrigerator is made up of two mild steel plates of.mm thick with a 6cm thick glass wool in between the plates. The inner temperature is 0 C, while the outside is exposed to 0 C. Formulate the heat flow. K for steel and glass wool are 3 W/ m K and 0.0 W / m K respectively. (9) 3. A furnace wall is made up of 3 layers of thickness 0, 00 and 0mm with inside and outside thermal conductivities of.6 and 9. W / m K. Inside is exposed to hot gases at 0 C with convection coefficient of W / m C. Inside surface temperature is 00 C and outside surface is exposed to air at C with a convection coefficient of W / m C. Determine thermal conductivity, overall heat transfer coefficient and all the surface temperatures. (3) 6 6. i) Differentiate the terms efficiency and COP. (3) ii) A furnace wall is made up on refractory bricks of 80 cm thickness and its thermal conductivity being. W/m K. The wall is insulated with an insulator bricks of conductivity 0. W/m K. The film coefficient of inner flue gas and the brick lining is 6 W/m K and for outside air and lining is 0 W/m K. Heat transfer rate is 800 W/m. Calculate the thickness of insulator brick wall when the inner and outer surface temperature are 00ᴼC and 30ᴼC. (0) PART C. Explain the working principle of steam power plant with the help of P-V and T-S diagrams. How the efficiency of the steam power plant can be improved? (). Enumerate the three modes by which heat can be transferred from one place to another. Explain all the mechanisms with example.which is the slowest of all? 3. Explain in detail the methods of increasing the thermal efficiency of a Rankine Cycle. (). A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 0 cm thickness is made of firebrick (k =.0 W/mK). The intermediate layer of cm thickness is made of masonry brick (k = 0.69 W/mK) followed by a cm thick concrete wall (k =.37 W/mK). When the furnace is in continuous operation the inner surface of the furnace is at 800 C while the outer concrete surface is at 0 C. Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall, the temperature at the interface of the firebrick and masonry brick and the temperature at the interface of the masonry brick and concrete. ()

7 UNIT III - BASIC CONCEPT OF FLUID MECHANICS & FLOW OF FLUIDS Introduction classification types of fluids properties laws of pressure atmospheric, gauge, absolute pressure, pressure measurement manometers mechanical gauges. Types of fluid flow velocity rate equation of continuity energy of a liquid in motion head of a liquid Bernoulli s theorem orifice and mouthpiece. PART A Q.No. Questions BT Level Competence. Define surface tension and capillarity. When is a fluid considered steady and when it is unsteady? 3. Identify absolute pressure in terms of gauge pressure, atmospheric pressure and vacuum pressure.. Where inverted U tube differential manometer is used? Why?. Name some Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids. 6. Express the three dimensional flow (Steady and Unsteady) mathematically. 7. Differentiate kinematic viscosity with dynamic viscosity. 8. Associate temperature with dynamic viscosity of gases and liquids. 9. Give explanation for the term buoyancy. 0. Show different types of fluid flow graphically. 3. Calculate the diameter of the soap bubble formed when the inside pressure is 3 N/m above the atmospheric pressure. If surface tension in the soap bubble is 0.0 N/m. Relate specific gravity with density Classify the different types of fluid flow.. Differentiate absolute pressure from gauge pressure.. Point out the phenomena responsible for capillary rise or fall. 6. Contrast ideal and real fluids. 7. Explain the property, viscosity. 8. Compare uniform flow and non uniform flow 9. Summarize the Bernoulli s theorem mathematically. 0. Modify the height of water column into pressure. 6 PART B. i)name and explain any four properties of hydraulic fluid. (8) ii) Describe different types of fluid flow with suitable sketches. (). i) List out the assumptions made and limitations of Bernoulli s equation. () ii) Compare a) steady flow from unsteady flow, b) Laminar flow from Turbulent flow. (9) 3. i) Explain the working principle of any one pressure gauge with neat sketch. (9) ii) Derive continuity equation from basic principles. (). Classify manometers. Illustrate each type of manometer with neat sketches. 3. i) Explain the property viscosity in detail. () ii) A 0. m shaft rotates in a sleeve under lubrication with viscosity poise at

8 00rpm. Calculate the power lost for a length of 00 mm if the thickness of the oil is mm. (9) 6. i) Where orifices and mouth pieces are preferred? Discuss. () ii) Formulate Bernoulli s equation for steady flow of an incompressible fluid. (9) 6 7. i) A plate 0.0 mm distant from a fixed plate, moves at 60 cm/s and requires a force of N per unit area to maintain this speed. Estimate the fluid viscosity between the plates. (8) ii) How fluids are classified? Explain. () 8. i) Express Euler's equation of motion for flow along a stream line (with derivation). (9) ii) What are the assumptions involved in Euler s equation. () 9. Derive the 3 Dimensional continuity equation. (3) 0. Explain the classification and theory of different types of mechanical gauges for pressure measurement. (3). i) Write short notes on Capillarity and surface tension. (3) ii) Invent whether the flow is upwards / downwards in the following case. A cm diameter vertical pipe is connected to 0 cm diameter Vertical pipe with a reducing socket. The pipe carries a flow of 00 l /s. At point in cm pipe, the 6 gauge pressure is 0 kpa. At point in the 0 cm pipe located.0 m below point the gauge pressure is 7 kpa. (0). Horizontal pipe carrying water is gradually tapering. At one section the diameter is 0 mm and flow velocity is. m/s. If the drop in pressure is.0 bar at a reduced section, measure the diameter of that section. If the drop is kn/m, what will be the diameter? Neglect losses. (3) 3. i) Discuss about atmospheric pressure, vacuum pressure and absolute pressure. (3) ii) Examine the discharge through a tapered drainage pipe of diameters at the inlet and exits are 000 mm and 00 mm respectively. The water surface is m above the centre of the inlet and exit is 3 m above the free surface of the water. The pressure at the exit is 0 mm of Hg vacuum. The friction loss between the inlet 3 and exit of the pipe is /0 of the velocity head at the exit. (0). i) Differentiate Venturimeter and Orifice meter. (3) ii) A horizontal Venturimeter with inlet diameter 00 mm and throat diameter 00 mm is employed to measure the flow of water. The reading of the differential manometer connected to the inlet is 80 mm of mercury. If Cd = 0.98, calculate the rate of flow. (0) PART C. Explain Bernoulli s theorem. Discuss any two applications of Bernoulli s theorem in detail. (). A pipe 00 m long slopes down at in 00 and tapers from 600 mm diameter at the higher end to 300 mm diameter at the lower end, and carries 00 litres / sec of oil having specific gravity 0.8. If the pressure gauge at the higher end reads 60 kn/m, determine the velocities at the two ends and also the pressure at the lower

9 end. Neglect all losses. () 3. A 30 cm x cm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of specific gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section and entrance section of the venturimeter is 30 cm. The differential U tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of cm. : (a) the discharge of oil. (b) The pressure difference between the entrance section and the throat section. Take C d = 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 3.6. (). Calculate the dynamic viscosity of oil which is used for lubrication between a square plate of size 0.8m x 0.8 m and an inclined plane with angle of inclination 30. The weight of the square plate is 300 N and it slide down the inclined plane with a uniform velocity of 0.3m/s. The thickness of the oil film is. mm. () Calculate UNIT IV - DIMENSIONAL AND MODEL ANALYSIS Introduction dimensions dimensional analyses Rayleigh s and Buckingham s method- similitude - dimensionless numbers and their significance similarity laws model studies. PART A Q.No Questions BT Level Competence. Define fundamental units and derived units with example.. Quote Dimensionally Homogeneous equation with an example. 3. List out the advantages of Dimensional and model analysis.. Quote the dimensions of the following Physical Quantities: (i) Pressure (ii) Surface Tension (iii) Dynamic viscosity (iv) Kinematic Viscosity. Name the different types of similarities. 6. Give two examples of a fluid flow situation where Froude model law is applied. 7. Summarize the advantages of model testing. 8. Differentiate distorted model from undistorted model. 9. dimensional homogeneity for the equation v = u + at Classify similarity laws. 3. How to calculate the number of π terms while applying Buckingham s π theorem. 3. Relate model and prototype Illustrate how the equations are derived in Raleigh s method. 3. Explain Euler model law with its significance.. Compare Rayleigh s method with Buckingham s method. 6. Point out the important limitations of dimensional analysis. 7. Measure the length of the model when a ship of length 00mm is tested with :7 model. 8. Compare Reynolds number with Froude s number. 9. Formulate the equation for Euler s model law Modify energy ratio in terms of length ratio. 6 PART B

10 . i) List out the criteria for selecting repeating variable in dimensional analysis. (7) ii) Write a short note on dimensional homogeneity with suitable examples. (6). i) Explain the Rayleigh s method of dimensional analysis with an example. (9) ii) List out the advantages of dimensional analysis. () 3. The pressure difference (ΔP) in a pipe of diameter D and length L, due to viscous flow depends on the velocity V, viscosity µ and density ρ using Buckingham s π theorem, deduce the expression for ΔP. (3). The resisting force(r) of a supersonic flight can be considered as dependent upon the length of the air craft l, velocity v, air viscosity μ, air density ρ and bulk modulus of air is k. Express the functional relationship between these variables and the resisting force. (3). The efficiency (η) of a fan depends on ρ (density), μ (viscosity) of the fluid, ω (angular velocity), d (diameter of rotor) and Q (discharge). Give η in terms of non dimensional parameters. Use Buckingham's π theorem. (3) 6. i) Explain the step by step procedure of Buckingham s π theorem with suitable example. (0) ii) What is Reynold s number? Give its significance. (3) 7. Using Buckingham's π theorem, Develop the expression for velocity through a circular orifice in a pipe as v = (gh) f {d/ H, μ/ρvh} where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head causing the flow and ρ and μ are the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing through the orifice and g is acceleration due to gravity. (3) 8. Using Buckingham s π- theorem, show that the velocity through a circular orifice in a pipe is given by 6 where v is the velocity through orifice of diameter d and H is the head causing the flow and ρ and μ are the density and dynamic viscosity of the fluid passing through the orifice and g is acceleration due to gravity. (3) 9. A :6 model is constructed of an open channel in concrete which has Manning s factor N = 0.0. Find the value of N for the model. The Manning s formula is given by V = (/N).m 3/.i /. (3) 0. i) Define, explain and derive Reynold s number. (6) ii) Summarize the advantages and applications of model analysis. (7). i) Explain the conditions under which the prototype behaviour can be predicted from model tests. () ii) In :30 model of a spillway, the velocity and discharge are. m/s and.0m 3 /s. the corresponding velocity and discharge in the prototype. (8). i) Explain geometric and dynamic similarities with examples. (6) ii) Compare distorted model and undistorted model with example. Point out their advantages and dis advantages. (7) 3 3

11 3. i) List out various models with scale ratio. (6) ii) Describe Reynolds s law of similitude and Froude's law of similitude. (7) ii) i) In an aero plane model of size /0 of its prototype the pressure drop is 7.kN/m3. The model is tested in water. Calculate the corresponding pressure drop in the prototype. Take density of air is. kg/ m3, density of water is 000 kg/m3, viscosity of air is poise and viscosity of water is 0.0poise. (8) ii) Define Mach number and Euler s number. () PART C. i) Explain and classify term Similitude. () ii) Explain the applications of similitude in model analysis. (0). The ratio of length of a submarine and its model is 30:. The speed of the proto type is 0m/s the model is to be tested in a wind tunnel. Find the speed of air in wind tunnel. Also determine the ration of the drag between the model and prototype. Take values of kinematic viscosities of sea water and air as 0.0 stokes and 0.06 stokes respectively. The density of sea water and air is given as 030kg/m3 and.kg/m3 respectively. () 3. Write short notes on the following: (i). Dimensionless Homogeneity with example. () (ii). Euler Model Law, () (iii). Similitude. () (iv). Undistorted and Distorted Models. (3). A spillway model is to be built to geometrically similar scale of / 0 across a flume OF 600 mm width. The prototype is m high and maximum head on it is expected to be. m. Design the following (i). The height of model and head of model should be used. (ii). If the flow over the model at a particular head is lits. per second, what flow per metre length of the prototype is expected. (iii). If the negative pressure in the model is 00 mm, what is the negative pressure in prototype? Is it practicable? 6 UNIT V - PUMPS AND TURBINES Introduction types of pumps reciprocating pump construction details co-efficient of discharge slip power required centrifugal pump classification working principle specific speed turbines classification working principle. PART A Q.No Questions BT Level Competence. Define slip of reciprocating pump.. Where air vessels are used? Why? 3. List out various Roto dynamic pumps.. Name the parts of a centrifugal pump.. Where impulse turbine is preferred? 6. Tabulate any two differences between impulse turbine and reaction turbine.

12 7. Label the parts of reciprocating pump with simple sketch. 8. Differentiate Francis turbine from Kaplan turbine. 9. Discuss briefly about indicator diagram. 0. Calculate the hydraulic efficiency when the mean velocity of the buckets of the 3 Pelton wheel is 0 m/s. The jet supplies water at 0.7 m 3 /s at a head of 30 m. The jet is deflected through an angle of 60 by the bucket. Take CV = Classify the different types of turbines. 3. Explain specific speed of a turbine. 3. Point out the functions of a draft tube.. Compare turbines with pumps.. Select the type of turbine for low head power plants and high head power plants. 6. Formulate the equation for flow ratio of reaction radial flow turbines Combine the velocity triangles of inlet and outlet of centrifugal pump Prepare a chart indicating specific speed and the corresponding type of turbine Rewrite specific speed in terms of speed, head and power Generalize the term, Priming. 6 PART B. i) Describe the working principle of single acting reciprocating pump with neat sketch. (9) ii) Tabulate the differences between reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump.(). Examine the theoretical discharge, coefficient of discharge, slip and the percentage slip of a single acting reciprocating pump running at 0 rpm, delivers 0.0 m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 00 mm and stroke length 00 mm. (3) 3. i) Define and classify pumps. (3) ii) Describe the construction and working principle of centrifugal pump with neat sketch. (0). i) Draw and explain the velocity triangle of centrifugal pump. (8) ii) Draw and discuss about the performance curves of centrifugal pump. (). The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 0 mm and 300 mm respectively. The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of m. The diameter and length of delivery pipe are 00 mm and 0 mm respectively. Calculate: (i) Theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run the pump if its speed is 60rpm () (ii) Percentage slip, if the actual discharge is.3 /s () (iii) The acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke. () 6. Give short notes on following i) Indicator diagram of single acting reciprocating pump. () ii) Priming of pump. () iii) Specific speed of pump. () 6 6

13 7. Deduce the expression for the following: i) Specific speed of pump () ii) Power required to drive reciprocating pump () iii) Coefficient of discharge in reciprocating pump () 8. A double acting reciprocating pump running at 60 rpm is discharging. m3 of water per minute. The pump has a stroke length of 00 mm. The diameter of the piston is 0 mm. The delivery and suction heads are 0 m and m respectively. Predict (Find) the power required to drive the pump and the slip of the pump. (3) 9. i) Discuss about cavitation, its causes, effects and prevention. (9) ii) Differentiate impulse turbine from reaction turbine. () 0. i) Summarize the importance of draft tube in hydraulic turbines. (3) ii) List the classification of turbines and explain the working of Pelton wheel with neat sketch. (0). i) Explain the construction and working of Francis turbine with neat sketch. (0) ii) Differentiate Francis turbine from Kaplan turbine. (3). Compare and contrast Francis turbine and Pelton wheel with simple sketches. (3) 3. i) Define Specific speed of turbine. (3) ii) Explain the working principle of Kaplan turbine with neat sketch. (0). i) Give short note on air vessels. () ii) Explain the working principle of double acting reciprocating pump with a neat sketch. (9) PART C. a) Compare an inward and an outward flow reaction turbine. (7) b) Explain the significance of specific speed in pumps and turbines. (8). The diameter and length of a suction pipe of a single acting reciprocating pump are 0 cm and m respectively. The pump has a plunger diameter of cm and a stroke length of 3 cm. The centre of the pump is 3 m above the water surface in the sump. The atm. Pressure head is 0.3 m of water and the pump runs at 0 rpm. Collect (Find), (i) pressure head due to Acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke. (ii) Maximum pressure head due to Acceleration and (iii) pressure head in the cylinder at the beginning and end of the suction stroke. () 3. (i) A single acting reciprocating pump has a bore of 00 mm and a stroke of 30 mm and runs at rpm. The suction head is 8 m and the delivery head is 0 m. the theoretical discharge of water and power required. If slip is 0%, what is the actual flow rate? (0) (ii). Explain the term Priming. Why is it necessary? (). A Pelton wheel, working under a head of 00 m develops 3 MW when running at a speed of 30 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel is 8%. Examine the rate of flow through the turbine, the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the nozzle. Take speed ratio as 0.6 and coefficient of velocity for the nozzle as **********ALL THE BEST**********