Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivant Herders for Oil Spill Mitigation

Transcription

1 Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivant Herders for Oil Spill Mitigation Matthew Carlin, Chang-Hyun Choi, Monica Cuerno, Kurt Le, Amanda Massingill, Andrew Nguyen, Omar Shafi, Joseph Yoon, Eric Zhang, Dr. Zhengdong Cheng

2 2 Problem Oil Spill Deepwater Horizon, Gulf of Mexico (2010) 205 million US gallons spilt M/T Haven Tanker, Ligurian Sea, Italy (1991) 44 million US gallons spilt Exxon Valdez, Prince William Sound (1989) 11 million US gallons spilt National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling. Nov 14, of the Worst Oil Spills Ever. Freeman, Andrew. Mar Exxon Valdez: 20 years after the ecological disaster. Trobetta, Guido.

3 Problem 3

4 4 Current Technology Burning Sponge Aeroclay Dispersants Corexit oil dispersant 1.84 million US gallons Herders 3 Future Oil-Spill Fighters: Sponges, Superbugs, and Herders. Kaufman, Rachel. National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling. Nov 14, 2010.

5 5 Current Technology Span-20 USN herder Sorbitan monolaurate polymer Formulated in 1970s Fluorosurfactants Silicone Polyethers Not as effective as USN formula Span-20 USN herder Fluorosurfactants Silicone Polyethers

6 6 Our solution Poly(ethylene glycol) derivatives PEG-monolaurate PEG-monooleate PEG-dibenzoate PEG-distearate Advantages Biodegradable In-situ burning Option for sponge PEG-monolaurate PEG-monooleate PEG-dibenzoate PEG-distearate

7 7 Outline Theory Why does the oil slick spread and contract? Image processing How did we obtain the experimental data from the pictures taken? Experimental results What were the results of each experiment? How did each herder compare to the others? Future work

8 8 Herder theory Oil Equilibrium Before herder After herder Air O/A W/A Po Pw Oil W/O Water Water

9 Phase I

10 10 Experimental Set-up Camera Testing System

11 11 Image processing Original Picture Blue Chanel Set Threshold to screen out oil slick

12 12 PEG-Monolaurate 8 7 Before addition of herder (18 mole/km 2 ) Thickness change ratio Surface Concentration of Primary Oil Herder Surfactant (mole/km^2) After addition of herder (18 mole/km 2 )

13 13 PEG-Monooleate 5.0 Before addition of herder (37 mole/km 2 ) Thickness change ratio Surface Concentration of Primary Oil Herder Surfactant (mole/km^2) After addition of herder (37 mole/km 2 )

14 14 PEG-Dibenzoate Forms a separate, denser phase (ρ=1.16 g/ml) Solution? Isopropanol co-surfactant

15 15 PEG-Dibenzoate Primary Surfactant Volume Ragne (ml) Water (ml) Isopropanol (ml) PEG- Dibenzoate Before addition of herder (50 mole/km 2 ) Thickness change ratio Surface Concentration of Primary Oil Herder Surfactant (mole/km^2) After addition of herder (50 mole/km 2 )

16 16 PEG-Distearate Primary Surfactant Mass Ragne (g) Water (ml) Isopropanol (ml) PEG- Distearate Thickness change ratio Thickness change ratio w/o co-surfactant Thickness change ratio w/ co-surfactant Surface conc. of primary herder (mole/km^2) Before addition of herder (39 mole/km 2 ) After addition of herder (39 mole/km 2 )

17 17 Discussion for first Phase Of the 4 herders tested, PEG- Monolaurate performed the best We created a thorough image processing algorithm to precisely calculate the oil spill area

18 Phase II

19 PEG-Monolaurate vs Span-20 with Co-Surfactants With experience gathered from literature reviews and the first phase of the project, we developed a better method for making solutions Mother solution compositions: Polymer PEG- Monolaurate Primary Surfactant (PEG-monolaurate) Vol. (ml) Water Vol. (ml) Cosurf. Vol (isopropanol) (ml) Span

20 20 Laurate/ Isopropanol vs Laurate Conditions Amount of Surfactant (mol) Surface Conc n (mol/km^2) Pure Surfactant & With Cosurfactant & laurate w/ cosurf pure laurate Thickness Ratio Before After addition of of laurate/isoprop. (18 mole/km (18 mole/km 2 ) 2 ) Surface Concentration (mole/km^2)

21 Laurate/ Isopropanol vs Span-20/ Ethylbutanol Polymer Mother Solution Volume Range (ul) Surface Conc n (mol/km^2) 21 Monolaurate Span Navy Laurate 14 Thickness Ratio Before After addition of Span-20/isobut. laurate/isopro. (18 mole/km 2 ) Surface Concentration in mole/km^2

22 22 Experimental Set-up Camera Testing System

23 23 Saline Solution Condition Salinity (wt % salt) Surface Conc n (mol/km^2) Saline Saline low temp Sea water Thichness Ratio Before After addition of laurate/isopro. (300 mole/km 2 ) surfactant conc.

24 24 Arctic Conditions Condition Temperature ( C) Surface Conc n (mol/km^2) Arctic Arctic low temp Sea water Thichness Ratio Before After addition of laurate/isoprop. (300 mole/km 2 ) surfactant conc.

25 25 Conclusions PEG-Monolaurate works better than the current standard (Navy herder Span-20) Cosurfactant enhances herding capabilities Salinity of the environment has little to no effect on the non-ionic surfactant Arctic conditions drastically decrease effectiveness of surfactant

26 26 Future work Hydrophobic sponge Integration of wave generator Measurement of the surface tension between water with surfactant and air

27 27 Acknowledgements Khuong Le Chemical Engineering Junior Andrew Nguyen Chemical Engineering Junior Chang-Hyun Choi Chemical Engineering Junior Matthew Carlin Chemical Engineering Senior Monica Cuerno Chemical Engineering Senior Seungwon Yoon Electrical Engineering Junior W. Omar Shafi Chemical Engineering Senior Amanda Massingill Ocean Engineering Senior Lecheng Zhang Chemical Engineering Graduate Mentor Zhengdong Cheng Chemical Engineering Associate Professor The AggiE Challenge Program is supported by Dwight Look College of Engineering, Texas A&M University

28 Thank you! Questions?