The economic and social benefits of biogas generation, solid fuel product, fertiliser, soil amendment and new livelihoods from wastewater management

Transcription

1 February 2014

2 The economic and social benefits of biogas generation, solid fuel product, fertiliser, soil amendment and new livelihoods from wastewater management will be a financial incentive to collect and treat waste, forming the basis of a sustainable and affordable wastewater management framework.

3 Conserve and Protect the Environment Improve water quality Reduce dependency on forests Improve quality of life Stimulate economic growth Finance sanitation coverage

4 Rationale Uganda is actively reducing environmental pollution Untreated human waste is a significant contributor to this pollution Human wellbeing and economic growth are suffering from lack of sanitation services, particularly in rural Uganda Indoor air quality is a significant source of morbidity Deforestation is threatening environmental integrity Improved sanitation saves lives, particularly of new mothers and children

5 GCC Initiative: Context Lack of appropriate treatment of human waste is contributing to morbidity and mortality Economic benefits of nutrient recycling, biogas generation, soil amendment and new livelihoods from wastewater management can provide a financial incentive Leapfrog traditional approaches by combining wastewater collection services with cutting edge technologies for biogas production and nutrient recycling

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7 From Waste to Wealth Feasibility assessment of anaerobic digestion Training in biomethane potential assay protocol Baseline survey and understanding potential sociocultural facilitators and barriers Business model approved by multi-stakeholder representatives Understanding of distribution of costs and benefits Engaged participants and potential market

8 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Biogas Organic Wastes Convert to Electricity Cooking Lighting Compression Biodigester Bio-Slurry Residual Drying to Solid Fuel

9 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Biogas Organic Wastes Convert to Electricity Cooking Lighting Compression Biodigester Bio-Slurry Residual Drying to Solid Fuel

10 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Organic Wastes Skilled labor jobs, R&D Private & research sector growth Biodigester Improved sanitation Profit Reduced water related illness Reduced water pollution Reduced drinking treatment water costs

11 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Biogas Convert to Electricity Cooking Lighting Compression

12 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Biogas Reduced physical burden Reduced drinking treatment water costs Reduced food, water and respiritory diseases Improved water quality & quantity Reduced use Forest conservation Income for sold gas Saved income (domestic use) Women time for economic labor Increased human productivity Decreased land degradation

13 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Bio-Slurry Residual Drying to Solid Fuel

14 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Bio-Slurry Residual Reduced chemical pollution Reduced pathogens & diseases Reduced physical burden Increased crop production Increased nutrition Income for sold fertilizer Increased human productivity Increased soil production Decreased smell and air pollution Income for crops

15 Anaerobic Digestion to get Value from Waste Bio-Slurry Residual Reduced wood use Reduced drinking treatment water costs Forest conservation Improved wellbeing Drying to Solid Fuel Skilled labour jobs Decreased land degradation Income from fuel Time for economic labour Improved water quality & quantity Saved income

16 Accomplishments to Date Building capacity Baseline assessment Scenarios Draft of framework Training of 5 scientists in Entebbe and Kampala Donation of equipment for BMP testing What exists? Identification of actors Lessons learned Next steps Development of 5 scenarios of implementation of biogas production Costs / benefits of AD Draft national framework and delivery structure Case study

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18 A Presentation of the Waste to Wealth Baseline Survey Findings

19 Objectives of the study 1 Identify the actors involved in converting waste to wealth (location, activities they engage in) 2 Conduct a SWOT analysis 3 4 Identify best practices and the most feasible waste to wealth options Establish the next steps to support scale up of the waste to wealth concept in Uganda

20 Methodology Literature review (national & international) Data collection tool development Key informant interviews Heifer International, NEMA, NWSC, Town Councils with CDM projects, researchers focusing on anaerobic digestion Field visits, observations and interviews in Central, Eastern and Northern Uganda Collection and analysis of materials from central and Northern Uganda

21 Findings: Biogas Promotion Major actor is Uganda Domestic Biogas Project in partnership with: CARITAS Uganda in Northern Uganda TALLY and VI Agroforestry in the central region Ankole Private Sector Foundation, Uganda Cooperative Primaries Ltd and Joint Efforts to Save the Environment (JESE) in western Uganda Tororo Local Government, Samaritan Purse, TEDDO, Young Women Christian Association, NAADS and Model Village in Eastern Uganda

22 Findings: Other Actors World Vision Uganda Eco-Fuel Uganda and Centre for Participatory Research and Development (briquette manufacturing) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Makerere in partnership with Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing countries (industrial fuel as a replacement for traditional biomass)

23 Findings: Projects Visited 10 biogas plants 1 briquette initiative 2 biogas role stoves 1 biogas & briquettes 1 biowaste electricity plant

24 Findings: Feedstocks Even though farmers are trained on the use of human excreta as an additional feedstock material in the production of biogas, acceptability is limited by their sociocultural discourse No functioning biogas system utilises human excreta alone

25 Marketability of Waste to wealth Concept Market readily available Scale up limited by high initial investments 4m 3 biogas plant costs UGX 1.58M (USD630) Social Cultural Acceptance Low if users have to mix human excreta in the digester Biogas toilet has been embraced in a few areas in Soroti, Amuria and Moroto IEC Materials Limited availability of IEC materials (general information and cost) in Central and Northen Uganda Language limited to English and too lengthy and wordy

26 Technology and Capacity of the systems Fixed dome is the predominant technology option Common capacities include 4m 3 (15% usage), 6m 3 (80% usage) and 13m 3 (5% usage) Capacity dependent on the number of livestock available and financial capacity of the potential user Low usage of the 4m 3 despite the low cost associated with it is due to the limited energy produced

27 SWOT analysis Strengths Biogas systems sustainable under dry and wet conditions Bio-slurry source of fertiliser for agriculture No smoke associated with biogas (eliminate in-door air pollution) Biogas saves time and income compared to traditional biomass Provides a cheaper alternative source of energy Weaknesses Lack of livestock to provide the cow dung needed Lack of technical knowledge to operate the system Accessories used for cooking and lighting are not readily available High initial investment cost Low O&M by the communities Limited IEC materials Land requirements/restrictions in peri-urban areas

28 SWOT analysis Opportunities Potential source of electricity for charging phones and cooling milk Employment opportunities Production of biogas for commercial use Provision of better drying mechanisms for bio-slurry and use for fertilizer Threats Poor community perception of biogas being unhygienic Disposal of bio slurry has high labour requirements High initial investment cost Preference of solar systems as the daily demand in terms of follow up and labour are minimal

29 Initial Investment costs Plant Size Estimated cost in UGX 4m 3 1,580,000-1,680,000 6m 3 1,930,000-2,030,000 9m 3 2,190,000-2,290,000 13m 3 2,630,000-2,730,000

30 Next Steps for Scaling Up Awareness raising and sensitization, particularly for systems using faeces as feedstock material Support in the development of low-cost digester design Support to other initiatives, e.g. production of fuel briquettes Provision of incentives such as micro-finance loans to finance anaerobic digestion construction Target schools (both primary and secondary) and tertiary institutions as well as prisons

31 Next Steps for Scaling Up Training of a critical mass of biogas experts at various levels Technician level Certificate level Advanced qualification e.g. Masters and PhD level Documentation and dissemination of good practices

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33 Urban Informal settlement Informal settlement with offsite AD Rural Institutional Institutional with additional feedstocks

34 Value Products from Anaerobic Digestion Biogas 60% methane Directly burned as a cooking or lighting source Utilized at larger scale in Combined Heat and Power, converted to electricity and heat Can be compressed, bottled and sold as a fuel commodity Bio-Slurry Fertilizer source - Current $20-40 /tonne dried ($ /lb) Solid Fuel ~ $0.06 /lb

35 The Value of Bio-Slurry as Solid Fuel Charcoal Calorific Value 12,800 btu/lb Marketplace Charcoal pricing: $ /lb Dried Bio-Slurry Calorific Value 6,800 btu/lb Target Dried Biosolids: $0.06 /lb Every lb of dried bioslurry offsets 0.5 lb of charcoal

36 Urban Scenario Biogas 548 kw Utilize in plant Dry cake 2892 kg/d Coal offset or fertilizer $115 /d for Fertilizer

37 Informal Settlement Scenario Biogas 14 kw Local use in Community Dry cake 265 lb/day $17 /day as a charcoal offset

38 Informal settlement Offsite AD Scenario Biogas 55 kw Potential for compression for sale $42/day Dry Cake 1,060 lb/day $68 /day as a charcoal offset

39 Rural Scenario Biogas 28 kw Supply to local clinic Pay for use Dry Cake 530 lb/day $64 /day as a charcoal offset

40 Institutional Scenario Biogas 6 kw Local use Potential to offset electricity use Dry Cake 106 lb/day $7 /day as a charcoal offset

41 Rural with additional feedstock - Kiyindi Biogas 101 kw Utilize in Clinic + pay for use Potential to Compress Dry Cake 835 lb/day $189 /day charcoal offset

42 AD Scenarios Evaluated Capital (USD$) Annual Revenue (USD $) Payback (years) Capital investment or Annual Revenue (USD$) 5 Urban 1.1 Informal settlement 2.9 Informal settlement - Offsite AD Rural Rural - additional feedstock Institutional Institutional - Offsetting electricity Payback periods (years) 42

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44 National supporting framework Delivery structure Next steps

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46 Ideal AD Technology Delivery Structure Private sector led education and marketing Customer Governance National Advisory Committee NGO, CBO support Regional Coordinating Committees Local information center to determine AD plant feasibility Financing Gov. AD funding Financial Institutions NGO funding Feasible Digester financing Infeasible Alternative option Gov. funding NGO funding Standards Body BDS Implementation R & D Manufacture Installer Custom mason Manufacture Custom mason Digester construction After sales service

47 Ideal AD Technology Delivery Structure Private sector led education and marketing Customer Governance National Advisory Committee NGO, CBO support Regional Coordinating Committees Local information center to determine AD plant feasibility Financing Gov. AD funding Financial Institutions NGO funding Feasible Digester financing Infeasible Alternative option Gov. funding NGO funding Standards Body BDS Implementation R & D Manufacture Installer Custom mason Manufacture Custom mason Digester construction After sales service

48 Next Steps and Workshop Objectives Finalising the national framework strategy Identifying lead organisations and individuals Developing a multistakeholder implementation strategy (Phase II)

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50 Governance Finance Implementation Framework strengths Gaps and needs Opportunities

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52 Key considerations Key objectives

53 Phase II - Key Considerations Environmental protection Wealth creation Human health and wellbeing Appropriate and sustainable solutions Public sector leadership in large urban centres Recognition that solutions require financial offsets to be sustainable, especially in informal settlements and other under-resourced areas

54 Phase II Possible Objectives Build evidence of costs and benefits (social and economic) of utilisation of AD for sanitation coverage scale up through pilots Large urban (value added?) Informal settlement * complex (value added?) Rural town * increasing Rural small settlement* Institution prison ** receptive Institution school (?value added?) Demonstrate sustainable financing model(s) financial viability Subsidies Microfinance PPPs Reinvestment of AD profit for O&M; service expansion*

55 Phase II Possible Objectives Develop and showcase ability to market AD products Build demand and social acceptance Education and outreach materials Build national capacity to develop technical capacity required for AD scale out Certification curriculum development and approval Vocational training for prisoner re-integration

56 To be assigned Do you agree with draft objectives? What other objectives would you include? What are priority pilot/demonstration types? What are key challenges? Who is missing from the discussion?