Case Study: Biogas generation from

Transcription

1 Case Study: Biogas generation from food waste in Bangkok

2 Outline: Introduction Overview of the PoA Schools show case

3 Introduction >> Current situation Bangkok Metropolitan has more than 10 million of population (include underlying population). One of the significant environmental concerns of the growing urban areas has been the management of municipal solid wastes (MSW). A common practice in Bangkok is to dispose almost all wastes in sanitary landfill sites. Almost 50% of municipality waste is organic waste; however, most of them had been disposed in sanitary landfill without sorting. Company Logo

4 Introduction >> (cont.) Related plan and policy 15 years national renewable development plan 5 years BMA action plan to combat climate change Thailand Climate Change Strategy ( ) Promote the use of energy from waste material to decrease GHG emission in municipality and community level Company Logo

5 Introduction >> (cont.) History of biogas generation in BMA s schools Since 2006, DEDE implemented Bio-energy programme in 40 BMA schools as a pilot project. Installed a bio-digester tank in order to generate biogas from food waste Used biogas as cooking fuel In 2009, other 40 BMA schools were installed with biodigester tanks by BMA financial support and DEDE technical advice. Company Logo

6 Introduction >> (cont.) The lesson learned of the pilot project Many participating schools have not continued operation of the system with several factors such as; Inapplicable bio-digester tank material and size Non permanent technician (Technological barrier) Lack of financial support for the system such as; maintanance cost, labour wage, and monitoring equipment and implementation (Financial barrier) In order to overcome the above barriers, BMA aims to drive forward this project as CDM small-scale programme of activity project (PoA). Company Logo

7 Introduction >> (cont.) Strong points of a new proposed activity: Using more applicable design of bio-digester tank and other equipment based on comprehensive feasibility study. Preparing training materials for the staff to operate the system in good condition. Introducing an appropriate and effective monitoring system which will be suitable for this PoA in order to run on monitoring GHG emission reductions. Company Logo

8 Outline: Introduction Overview of the PoA Schools show case

9 Overview of the PoA>> PoA: Programme of Activities CPA: CDM Programme Activity CME: Coordinating/Managing Entity PoA is a framework where many CPAs sharing the same stated goal can be implemented Key distributed renewable energy and energy efficiency applications are ideal for PoAs Source: Developing CDM Programmes of Activities: A Guidebook 9

10 Overview of Overview the PoA >> of (cont.) the Model Project What is PoA? If a PoA is successfully registered, new CPAs can be included afterward Source: Developing CDM Programmes of Activities: A Guidebook 10

11 Outline: Introduction Overview of the PoA Schools show case

12 Biogas generation from food waste in Bangkok >> The BMA will be the C/ME for all the CPAs at schools in Bangkok. The BMA will help the schools set up bio-digestors, provide know-how and supervise the CPAs. Programme of Activities (PoA) BMA C/ME Technical Advice DEDE Fund, Technique Project participants as CPA Project participants as CPA Figure: Institutional Arrangement 12

13 Project Locations >> Installed school in 2006 = 40 schools Installed school in 2008 = 40 schools Not install yet = 355 schools Installation status of anaerobic digester tank in BMA Total schools of Bangkok = 435 schools 13

14 Project Technologies >> Anaerobic Bio-digester System Container Shredder Biodigestor Container Cooking Stove Gas Flow Meter Flashback Arrestor 14

15 Project Baseline scenario & Project activity >> Baseline Scenario Biomass is left to decay and methane is emitted into the atmosphere. 1 Biomass Food waste Sanitary landfill CH 4 Emission 2 Fossil fuel is combusted for cooking. LPG Heat for Cooking CO 2 Emission

16 Project Baseline scenario & project activity >> (cont.) Project Activity: Methane is recovered and used by an anaerobic digester. Reduce CO 2 emission from the LPG combustion Biomass Food waste Bio digester Biogas Heat for Cooking

17 Project Methodologies >> AMS-III.AO: Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic digestion In the project activity, controlled biological treatment of biomass or other organic matters is introduced through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped with biogas recovery and combustion/flaring system. AMS-I.C: Thermal energy production with or without electricity This category comprises renewable energy technologies that supply users with thermal energy that displaces fossil fuel use. These units include solar thermal water heaters and dryers, solar cookers, renewable biomass. The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for 17

18 Project Emission Reductions>> ER y = min(( BE y PE y ), ( MD y PE y, power )) ER y >>Emission Reduction BE y >>Baseline Emission PE y >>Project emissions Pe y,power >>Project emissions from onsite energy use MD y >> Methane captured and destroyed or used gainfully by the project activity 18

19 Project Emission Reductions>> (cont.) Baseline emissions (BE y ): = Methane emission from the landfill site + CO 2 emission from the LPG combustion = (tco 2 e/year) (tco 2 e/yr) = tco 2 e/yr Project emissions (PE y ): = Onsite energy use + Physical leakage = 2.44 (tco 2 e/yr) (tco 2 e/yr) = tco 2 e/yr Emission Reduction (ER y ): (Average) = Baseline emissions (BE y ) - Project emissions (PE y ) = tco 2 e/yr 19

20 Project Emission Reductions >> (cont.) ER y = min(( BE y PE y ), ( MD y PE y, power )) Methane captured and destroyed or used gainfully by the project activity(md y ): = (tco 2 e/yr) (unit: tco 2 e) Year BE y PE y MD y PE y,power BE y - PE y MD y -PE y,power

21 Project Additionality >> Comparison of NPV based on the alternatives of the programme activity Items Biodigestion without CDM Options Considered Biodigestion with CDM Description of the Options Processing of food waste in the biodigestor without CDM benefit Processing of food waste in the biodigestor with CDM benefit Initial investments (Baht) 66,800 66,800 O&M costs (Baht/year) 7,400 7,400 Fuel(LPG) cost (Baht/year) 0 0 Waste disposal cost (Baht/year) 0 0 CDM revenue (Baht/10year) 0 10,147 NPV (Baht) -34,973-33,696 The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for 21

22 Project Monitoring>> To ensure that by-product will be composted in aerobically condition. The engineer team and the staff involved will be trained on the field data collection procedure and data analysis. Inspections will be carried out at least monthly as follow items: Inlet Cover, Digestion Tank, and Outlet Cover Gas content analyzing Leakage Checking Emergency Alarm System Data will be recorded electronically until after 2 year of crediting period. The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for 22

23 Co- benefits of the project activity >> Air Pollution Reduction Land Degradation Mitigation Energy Security Organic Agriculture Climate Friendly Awareness The Project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for 23

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