EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY APPROACHES IN MALAYSIA AND FUTURE CHALLENGES HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR (HTC KL)

Transcription

1 Building Resilience to Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability to Meet Water Security Challenges Workshop on July 2017, Langkawi, Malaysia EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY APPROACHES IN MALAYSIA AND FUTURE CHALLENGES HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR (HTC KL)

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE 1 Water and Ecosystems 2 3 The Principles of Ecohydrology Transforming The Water Sector 4 Ecohydrology for IWRM 5 6 Emerging Ecohydrology in Malaysia at River Basin Level Conclusion, Recommendation and Future Challenges

3 WATER AND ECOSYSTEMS WATER IS FOR PEOPLE 8% NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Wetlands Ecology Biodiversity Environmental Flow Portable Water Livestock Recreation & Tourism Transportation 18% FOOD Agriculture Aquaculture INDUSTRY Power Generation Development 74% THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WATER AND ECOSYSTEM GEO-Wadi satelite precipitation calibration - IHP Secretariat, Anil Mishra Value of water due to CC-water foot print & tangible and intangible impacts -UTM- Dr Zainura

4 UNESCO FRAMEWORKS Paris Agreement Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Addis Ababa Action Agenda Sendai Framework S.A.M.O.A. Pathway Future We Want Agenda Framework NovemberConvention to 11 December on Climate 2015, Paris Change [FCCC] United Transforming Nationsour Headquarters world: the 2030 in New Agenda York from for Sustainable September Development 2015 Addis A global Ababa, framework Ethiopiafor from financing 13 to 16 development July 2015 post Disaster to 18Risk March Reduction 2015 in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan Apia, Small Samoa Islandfrom Developing 1 to 4 September States Accelerated 2014 Modalities of Action Rio renew de Janeiro the from commitment 20 to 22 June to 2012 sustainable development and to ensuring the promotion of an economically, socially and environmentally the Rio Declaration on Environment and Rio Development, de Janerio, and Brazil, the 3Statement to 14 Juneof1992 principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests

5 The Principles of Ecohydrology for IWRM 3 sequential components: Hydrological The quantification of the hydrological cycle of a basin, should be a template for functional integration of hydrological and biological processes. ECOHYDROLOGY Ecological The integrated processes at river basin scale can be steered in such a way as to enhance the basin s carrying capacity and its ecosystem services. Ecological engineering The regulation of hydrological and ecological processes, based on an integrative system approach, is thus a new tool for Integrated River Basin Management.

6 TRANSFORMING THE WATER SECTOR National IWRM Plan - Strategies & Road Map"Goal By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying 6.6special By attention 2020, to the needs of women protect and girls and those and in vulnerable restore situations waterrelated and safe reuse ecosystems, globally including mountains, 6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling 6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency across all sectors and ensure sustainable withdrawals and forests, supply of freshwater wetlands, to address water scarcity rivers, and substantially aquifers reduce the number and of people lakes suffering from water scarcity 6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate 6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes 6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies 6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local communities in improving water and sanitation management (source: ASM, 2016)

7 AGENDA 2030 UN SUMMIT (25-27 SEPTEMBER 2015) TRANSFORMING OUR WORLD THE 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR Ecohydrology IWRM Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

8 water security as the ultimate objective related to the integration of water ecology and engineering improve water resources from further degradation provide ecosystem services to societies How: need to develop new understanding of that interdependency in a systematic way. The programme must also pay more attention to the role of culture and social factors in harmonising the biosphere's potential with the humanity. ECOHYDROLOGY FOR IWRM Function of vegetation ECOHYDROLOGY water supports living on planet

9 EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL Emerging ecohydrology at river basin level River restoration River rehabilitation (A. Ghani,, 2017 (DID, 2015) (A. Ghani,, 2017

10 EMERGING ECOHYDROLOGY IN MALAYSIA RIVER OF LIFE (RoL) ECOHYDROLOGY PROJECTS MSMA ISME STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PUTRAJAYA LAKE & WETLANDS MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION/ TRANSFORMATION KELANA LAKES

11 KELANA LAKES1 Ex-mining pond Prior to 1996 WQ Degraded public park in 996 for fishing and recreation rapid surrounding development & its for flood mitigation 1. added wastewater, solid waste, and storm water overflow to the main lake in the area 2. the loss of wetland plants and animal life local residents formed a stakeholder forum, comprising 400 Friends of Kelana Jaya Park, and led by a 15-member steering committee including Petaling Jaya City Council in The ecomposition of the sludge generated in the lake had eventually caused bad odour.

12 MELAKA RIVER BEAUTIFICATION km 570,000 cubic meter contiminated sediment To restore Melaka River to its original and clean condition state and federal governments since 2001 flood mitigation, cleaning, beautification, upgrading river facilities for the Melaka river mouth. ecohydrology as a 'gardencity' concept in integrating upgraded sewage treatment plants along the river with physical features such as landforms, vegetation, and ensure that all the domestic and industrial wastewater water bodies to produce the green scenery of the city entering the river was treated.

13 PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3 Putrajaya, the administrative capital of the federal government of Malaysia, is located in the Klang Valley region, south of Kuala Lumpur STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT The catchment s areas lies within three (3) different municipalities Sepang Municipal Council Subang Jaya Municipal Council Putrajaya Coporation Stakeholders of different entities consist of: UPM & UNITEN (university and hostel), MARDI (agriculture R&D agency), IOI (commercial), TNB (power plant), Cyberjaya (another municipality), Sungai Merab area (sub-urban area) 30% of the Putrajaya Lake Catchment is lies in Selangor; the other state in Malaysia

14 PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3 PUTRAJAYA WETLAND UN Chuau River completed: August 1998 construction duration: 17.5 month depth: 0.5 to 3 m surface area: 200 ha UW UE WETLAND (200 hectare) Main objective surface run-off filtration system for Putrajaya Lake PUTRAJAYA LAKE UB LE Bisa River completed: May 2002 construction duration: 62 month depth: 2 to 13 m surface area: 400 ha Main objective: centre for water sports, recreation and tourism LAKE (400 hectare) The Lake Vision To manage the lake in order to ensure its aesthetic viability, sustain good water quality, and allow for different recreational uses, including primary and secondary contact

15 UPPER NORTH 6 PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS3 Ecohydrology Demonstration Sites of UNESCO-IHP Ecohydrology Programme (EHP) UPPER NORTH km 570,000 cubic meter contiminated UPPER sediment NORTH 5 49 sq km which was previously covered by vegetation, that is, rubber and oil palm plantation. Putrajaya is characterised by the 'garden-city' concept, physical features such as landforms, scenery of the city. Putrajaya Lake catchment is 51 sq km. A portion of it lies in the state of Selangor, while around 70 percent is in Putrajaya. The Putrajaya Lake was created by inundating the lower part of the valleys of Chua River and Bisa River. The lake contains Putrajaya Wetlands, the largest constructed wetland system in the tropics consisting of 24 cells. The wetlands act as a natural treatment system that filters out most of the pollutants from

16 RIVER OF LIFE clean up the rivers and rehabilitate their banks into vibrant and liveable waterfront areas with high economic value. Set to be completed by 2020, is in tune with the government's overall aspiration of turning Greater Kuala Lumpur into a metropolis in Asia that simultaneously achieves top-20 economic growth and becomes one of the global top 20 most-liveable cities by components: river cleaning, river beautification, and land development. spans across three municipals and eight rivers, covering a total 110-km stretch of rivers and their banks that need to be rehabilitated and restored. The project has both ecological and hydrological objectives. It aims to improve and sustain the water quality of the Klang River and its tributaries to the Class IIB (DID, 2015)

17 GREATER KL RIVER BEAUTIFICATION & LAND DEVELOPMENT Phase 1 Public Outreach 1 Program (PoP) 2 Demolition Interceptor 73% upgrading the existing sewerage of Wisma works at St facilities and Completed installing Batikwastewater treatment Mary s plants at wet Cathedral markets, as well as social interventions such as 3 relocation of squatters to reduce 4 sewage, sullage Guiding Gallery at Leboh Pasar Besar Masjid Jamek grand staircase Precinct and 7rubbish in the Klang River. Heritage installed and maintained 375 GPT in sewerages. Quarter RoL initiative mooted by the Department of Phase Irrigation 2 10 more and areas Drainage to go. (DID), Malaysia. The % different for the annual gross pollutant load 1 2 between upper Klang River and Kerayong River Brickfields Masjid India catchment is around 57 percent (36 kg/ha and 360 Project plnning kg/ha annual gross pollutant wet load in begin Oct 2015 with PoP3 versus Kerayong River 4 catchment kg/ha/yr/gpt by upper Klang River catchment 1Malaysia Park in Titiwangsa Puah Pond without PoP was 145 kg/ha/yr/gpt and 338 in Sentul kg/ha/yr/gpt respectively (DID, 2015)

18 MSMA ISME MSMA INTEGRATED STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ECOHYDROLOGY5

19 HTC KL MSMA ISME Rain water Grey water reuse io retention Green roof orus pavement Wetland Phytoremediation Prof Shabaz Khan Visi

20 VISIT BY DIECTOR UNESCO JAKARTA & REPRESENTATIVE OF UNESCO DHAKA MAY 5, 2017 MSMA-ISME 8 MAY 2017 Ms Beatrice Khaldun Prof Shabaz Khan Fish Feeding Fish Feeding

21 FUTURE CHALLENGES Economic Efficiency EQUITY Environmental Sustainability 3. Management Instruments Assessment Information Allocation Instruments 1. Enabling Environment Policies Legislation 2. Institutional Framework Central Local River Basin Public Private Balance water for livelihood and water as a resource

22 The conclusion: National initiatives in forest and wetlands protection for river basin management, which is less costly than building dams and more sustainable non-structural activities in the long run is in parallel with ecohydrology concept focussed locally will be shared regionally and globally Challenges:combined and continued efforts CONCLUSION&RECOMENDATION The recommendation: River Basin Management Committee

23 Acknowledgement

24 REFERENCES DID (2015). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia. DID (2017). Final Report: Research Performance of Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) Trapping Devices Versus Life Cycle Cost and Gross Pollutant Management Strategies Knowledge Database. Case Study of River of Life. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, Malaysia. Hezri, A.A and N.M. Dom (2017). Customising IWRM at River Basin Level. Humid Tropics Centre Kuala Lumpur. HTCKL (2016). Comparative Studies of Applying Stormwater Management Echohydrology and IWRM in Asia and Africa through UNESCO Category 2 Water Centre. Workshop Proceeding, 7 to 9 March 2016 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. HTCKL (2016). River Water Quality Treatment Using Phytoremediation Technique. Technical Report. The Humid Tropics Centre, Kuala Lumpur. Sharip, Z., Ahmad T. A. Zaki, Mohd. A. H. M. Shapai, S. Suratman and A. J. Shaaban (2014). Lakes of Malaysia: Water quality, eutrophication and management. Lakes & Reservoirs Research and Management. Vol.19(2): Sharip, Z., Z., Saman, J.M., Noordin, N. (2016). Assessing the spatial water quality dynamics in Putrajaya Lake: a modelling approach. Modeling Earth System and Environment. Vol. 2: 114. UN_Water (2013). Water Security and the Global Water Agenda: A UNWater Analytical Brief UNEP (2014). Towards an Integrated Water Resources Management: International Experience in Development of River Basin Organisations. United Nations Environment Programme, Sudan. UNESCO (2004). Water and Ethics. Water and Ecology. UNESCOIHP, World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology. UNESCO (2010). HELP: Hydrology for the Environment, Life and Policy. UNESCO, IHP. UNESCO, WWAP and NARBO (2009). IWRM Guidelines at River Basin Level. /images/0018/001864/186417e.pdf. Accessed on 27 January Zalewski, M. (2002). Ecohydrology - integrative science for sustainable water, environment and society. Ecohydroly and Hydrobiology. Vol.2: Zalewski, M. (2013). Ecohydrology: processoriented thinking towards sustainable river basins. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol., Vol.13:

25 The Regional Humid Tropics Hydrology and Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and The Pacific (HUMID TROPICS CENTRE KUALA LUMPUR) No. 2, Jalan Ledang off Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur Tel Fax norlidamd@water.gov.my norlidamd1@gmail.com