The transformation of the existing building stock: A precondition for a sustainable future

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1 The transformation of the existing building stock: A precondition for a sustainable future COST Meeting, March , Vienna Dr. Peter Richner Head of Department Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2 Final Energy Use CH 2010 Other End User Costs: CHF 30.5 Billions Remaining electrictiy Nuclear Power Fossil Fuels Schweizerische Energiestatistik 2010, BfE

3 Challenges of the Future I Other Remaining electricity Nuclear phaseout 2019 (2013?) Fossil Fuels

4 Challenges of the Future II Other Reduction of the emission of green house gases Nuclear phaseout 2019 (2013?) Remaining electricity Fossil Fuels Reduction of the dependence on foreign countries regarding energy supply

5 Analyse des schweizerischen Energieverbrauchs nach Verwendungszweck, 2010, BfE Final Energy Use CH 2009 Industry, Services, Agriculture: 24% Mobility: 29% Buildings: 47%

6 Energy Demand of Residential Buildings in Switzerland as Function of the Year of Construction New Buildings kwh/m²a Mill. m 2

7 Energy Demand of Residential Buildings in Switzerland as Function of the Year of Construction New Buildings Mio Buildings kwh/m²a Mill. m 2

8 Energy Demand of Residential Buildings in Switzerland as Function of the Year of Construction New Buildings 50 Goal of Sustainable Retrofitting kwh/m²a Mill. m 2

9 From Materials: Aerogel Plaster Lower thermal conductivity than conventional insulation materials: 25 mw/m*k Application by standard methods Purely mineralic material Open for water vapour difusion CTI About 85% nanoporous aerogel granulate is used as additive for the light weight plaster

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11 Applications: Half-timbered Houses

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13 From Materials to Systems: Seasonal Heat Storage 250 Average Values for Zurich 700 [W/m 2 ] Global Radiation [W/m2] Heating Degree Days

14 Chemical Heat Storage with NaOH solar collector H 2 O vapour (45 mbar) ground heat exchanger H 2 0 NaOH heat from collector Charging (20 C) (150 C) waste heat H 2 O vapour (10 mbar) Discharging H 2 0 NaOH ground heat exchanger ambient heat (10 C) (40 C) useful heat heating, hot water Storage density: 7 times higher than for water at 30 C

15 Chemical Heat Storage with Ettringite Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) clinker (commercially available) limestone, bauxite and anhydrite + rotary kiln 1250 C main phase: ye elimite (4CaO 3Al 2 O 3 SO 3 ) blended with 15-25% calcium sulfate (gypsum, anhydrite) and/or Portland cement (OPC) main hydration product: ettringite 5 µm 600 kj/kg ettringite 3CaO Al 2 O 3 3CaSO 4 32H 2 O CaO Al 2 O 3 3CaSO 4 12H 2 O + 20H 2 O

16 From Materials to Systems to Buildings Retrofit Advisor Rapid analysis of to potential for retrofitting of existing multy-family houses Evaluation of economic, energetic, environmental and social aspects Supporting the selection of the appropriate option: Repair, renewal or demolition and new construction Focus on renewal with an energy performance of kwh/(m² a) (Minergie to Passive House)

17 Retrofit Advisor Actual state Repair Retrofit Reconstruction Society Environment Economy

18 Retrofit Advisor

19 Multi-family residential building Zug, Architect Reto Miloni Multi-family residential building Zürich, Architect Beat Kämpfen

20 From Materials to Systems to Buildings and Cities Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems

21 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Demolition of some houses

22 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Replacement by energy positive houses (Low potential) Bâtiment à énergie positive réalisé dans le quartier à haute densité d habitation de Matthäus à Bâle (Feldbergstrasse 4-6, bâtiment de 1896, inscrit au patrimoine, combinaison d une sur isolation thermique, d implantation de capteurs solaires thermiques et photovoltaïques et de mise en place de réservoirs saisonniers de chaleur dans l immeuble) (Prix Solaire Suisse 2009).

23 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Advanced renovation and renewables (Minergie A, Minergie-P)

24 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Protected Buildings : (seasonal) storage

25 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Energy Hub: energy conversion unit conditioning, storage, distribution

26 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Local energy resources: biomass, wind-energy

27 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems Community integration heating/cooling, IT, electricity networks. Flexibility.

28 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems City scale community

29 Adaption of communities towards SELF-REGULATING ENERGY systems National scale Regional scale City scale Sub-urban Smart grid Urban

30 Energy Demand of Residential Buildings in Switzerland as Function of the Year of Construction % Energy Use - 50% CO 2 Emissions - 50% Dependence on Foreign Countries regarding Energy Supply Thousands of jobs for decades Goal of Sustainable Retrofitting New Buildings kwh/m²a Mill. m 2

31 How can we achieve this goal? Research Development Technology Transfer Market Demonstration

32 Vision NEST: Center for Sustainable Construction Science and Engineering Flexible platform for experiments under real life conditions: Materials components systems users (incl. living and working environment, e.g. guest house) Dynamic, adaptable, flexible and modular New solutions for local and global challenges in the built environment: Boosting innovative edge of (Swiss) construction industry Technology Transfer Platform Attractor for national and international partners from academia and industry

33 A Holistic and Sustainable Approach Building Envelope Usability Evaluation Use of Energy Advanced Materials & Systems Indoor Environment Environmental Impact Technical Water Use Smart Buildings

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42 Energy Hub in NEST Electricity PV CNG, H2 Wind Fuel Cell Electrolyser Batteries Super caps To Mobility Demonstrator To Empa Grid Hot water Solar collector Warm water Biogas Wood pellet stove Polygeneration Heat pump Boiler Sodium Hydroxide storage Gas tank Hot water storage Warm water buffer To Nest Modules Ground water Cold water Heat pump Ettringite storage Ice storage Ambient Return Flow: waste water, waste heat, exhaust air Return Flow: organic waste

43 Operation of NEST General concept International calls open for partners from academia and industry Research Projects addressing single components of units, complete units or across several units Demonstration Working and living units with different focal points (automation vs. passive control, light weight construction, ) Dissimination Regular conferences, seminars and exhibition days related to advanced building technologies and innovation in the construction sector

44 Acknowledgement M. Koebel R. Weber J. Carmeliet M. Zimmermann F. Winnefeld Th. Stahl J. Kaufmann

45 Antoine de Saint-Exupery ( ): We do not inherit this world from our forefathers, we borrow it from our children