Oct Energy Efficiency. Cogeneration Systems. Jaejoon Choi

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1 Oct Energy Efficiency Technologies by Cogeneration Systems Jaejoon Choi

2 Contents Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration Micro-turbine Cogeneration Gas turbine Cogeneration Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

3 Location of Korea

4 Map of Korea

5 Location of Daejeon

Provide and Consume Heat & Power Simultaneously Energy Efficiency Elec.

10 Cogeneration System(CHP; Combined Heat and Power) Small Size CHP Fuel : LNG Electric Power Capacity : Below 10MW Prime mover : IC engine or Gas turbine, etc. Provide and Consume Heat & Power Simultaneously Energy Efficiency Elec. only Conventional CHP Savings Eff.(%) 38 55~65 75~90 10~35 Conventional : Large Power Plant + Heat Only Boiler

11 Energy Savings of Cogeneration System Conventional System(Central Power + Boiler) Cogeneration System CO 2 Emission 82.9 (g-c) CO 2 Emission (g-c) CO 2 Emission (g-c) LNG 0.21N m3 /h PP Elec. Eff. 43% 1kW Elec. Eff. 38% Cogeneration LNG 0.239N m3 /h LNG 0.124N m3 /h Boiler Eff. 90% 1.24kW Th. Eff. 47% Conve ntion Used LNG(N m3 /h) Energy CO 2 Total Eff.(%) Emitted(g-C) % CHP Energy Savings CO 2 Reduction 24.2% 28,5%

12 Introduction of Cogeneration Necessity of Cogeneration Increase Energy Efficiency and Control Energy Consuming Consuming pattern of Gas and Electricity 3, 가스 ( 천 t) 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, GAS Elec. consuming Conversion 최대전력 ( 백만 kw) - 1 월 2 월 3 월 4 월 5 월 6 월 7 월 8 월 9 월 10 월 11 월 12 월 34

13 Small Size Cogeneration Distributed Power Generation System Easy to establish Decrease trasmission loss Small size of site Cope with CES(Community Energy Supply)

Prime Mover Characteristics of CHP Prime Mover Characteristics Technology Diesel Gas Simple Cycle Engine Engine Gas Turbine Microturbine Fuel Cell Product Rollout Commercial Commercial Commercial

14 Prime Mover Characteristics of CHP Prime Mover Characteristics Technology Diesel Gas Simple Cycle Engine Engine Gas Turbine Microturbine Fuel Cell Product Rollout Commercial Commercial Commercial 2000 ' Size Range (kw) 20-10, ,000+ 1, ,000+ Efficiency 36-43% 28-42% 21-40% 25-30% 35-54% Genset Package Cost ($/kw) Turnkey Cost ($/kw) Heat Recovery Added ($/kw) O&M Cost ($/kwh) ,000 1,500-3, , ,100 1,900-3,500 N.A Incl

15 Future Market Expect for Prime Mover Technical Range of Prime Mover Strong Market Position Market Position Emerging Position Gas Turbines Lean Burn Engines Rich Burn Engines Fuel Cells Micro Turbines , ,000 kw Source : Energy Nexus Group, 2002

16 FUTURE OF THE COGENERATION MARKET IN EUROPE European Power Plants in Future Today No - > 100 MWe MWe MWe MWe Total MWe -Average size 2 MWe In Future No - > 100 MWe MWe MWe MWe Total MWe -Average size 0.8 MWe

17 Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration Micro-turbine Cogeneration Gas turbine Cogeneration Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

18 Technical Issues Superior to other prime mover thanks to accumulated technical skill of Vehicle Engine Engine attachments Engine for Vehicle Need Water pump, Alternator Engine for CHP No Need Left Ones Driving Pattern Various Speed and Load Constant Speed(Load Varied) Emission Regulation for HC, CO, NOx Regulation for NOx Only Endurance 160,000km(about 8,000 hours ) 20,000 30,000hours needed Environment Outdoor Indoor(Important Low NVH) Fuel Almost Gasoline or Diesel Almost (Natural) Gas Fuel Line Liquid Fuel Injection Gas Mixing Speed/Load Control Driver(by accel. pedal) Speed Governor Needed Heat Recovery None Recover Heat of Jacket Water, Exhaust Gas

19 Development of High Efficiency Low Nox small size gas engine cogeneration system Development of 300kWe cogeneration system for Domestic Use - Prime Mover : Gas engine, Fuel : LNG - Power : 300kW, Heat : 450kW - Total Efficiency above 85% (Electrical Eff. 32%, Heat Eff. 53%) - NOx : Below 50ppm(@ 15% O 2 )

삼원촉매장치 머플러 40 ~70 o C 88 ~90 o C 터보챠져 600 ~ 650 o C 공기 110 o C 83 o C

20 Development of High Efficiency Low Nox small size gas engine cogeneration system 배가스 450 o C 350 ~ 400 o C 배가스열교환기 120 o C ~70 o C 삼원촉매장치 머플러 40 ~70 o C 88 ~90 o C 터보챠져 600 ~ 650 o C 공기 110 o C 83 o C 가스엔진 매니폴드 93~96 o C 90 o C 온수공급 LNG 70 o C 인터쿨러 오일쿨러 방열기 온수입구 순환펌프 P 82~85 o C 70 o C

21 Development of High Efficiency Low Nox small size gas engine cogeneration system Place of Installation Gas tube Engine

22 Development of 1MW Gas-engine Cogen. Goals of Project 1. Electrical Eff. : Above 38% (L.H.V.) 2. Total Eff. : Above 80% 3. NOx : 50 ppm (15%, O 2 ) 4. For Community Energy Supply

23 Development of 1MW Gas-engine Cogen.

24 Ultra Low-Nox Cogeneration Hybrid System

25 Ultra Low-Nox Cogeneration Hybrid System % 88.8% 90% 103Nm 3 /h 90Nm 3 /h ppm 48ppm 75Nm/h 3 1 차성능 2 차성능 ppm 10ppm 3ppm 0.9ppm 19.8ppm 25ppm 15ppm 종합효율 N0x CO HC To ta l Fue l 목표

26 Research Purpose Introduction Importance of Developing New and Renewable Energy Animal Waste Biogas is Prospect Energy Source No Standard for Power Generation System using Biogas Suggest the Standard for power generation system using animal waste biogas Which Animal to be Chosen Presently All Operated Anaerobic Digestion Systems are adapted at only Pig Farms in Korea

27 Bio CHP Blower Valv e Chiller Valv e Demister NaOH DCG -50 G Desulfurizer Tower Biogas in Electric out 50kW Generator Gridor Load Bank Biolyzer Emission gas analyzer

Electrics Heat Liquid fertilizer Biogas Animal Waste Pre-

28 Animal Waste Biogas Generation System Gas Supply Heat Supply -H 2 S, dust, water removals Generator Biogas cleaning Electrics Heat Liquid fertilizer Biogas Animal Waste Pre- Treatment Dehydration Anaerobic Digestion Tank Concomitant Solid matter

29 Biogas Ingredient Components Natural Gas Sewage Landfill gas Animal Waste Gas Methane Above 93% 61 67% 47 62% 55 70% CO 2 1% -1.5% 33 38% 32 43% 29 44% N 2 1% -1.5% Below 2% Below 2% Below 2% H 2 S Below 20 ppm 1-4 ppm ppm ppm Siloxane None ppm ppm None Halogen Compound ppm ppm - Hydrogen Below 0.5% - Below 1% - Oxygen Below 0.2% Below 1% Below 1% Below 1% CO - None Below 0.2% - Ammonia None Below 1 ppm Below 1 ppm Below 2 ppm Vapor - Saturated Saturated Saturated LHV (MJ/m 3 ) (MJ/m 3 ) (MJ/m 3 ) (MJ/m 3 )

30 Gas Ingredient Affecting Generator Symbol Parameter Problem Counterplan LHV Lower Heating Value Power Reduction Ignition Failure Caburator and ignition correction, Fuel amount adjustment ΔLHV LHV Variation Engine hunting Lean Landfill, electrical Caburetion LHV gradient w/ Continuous gas analyzer RH Gas Humidity Fuel line malfunction humidifier O 2 Oxygen Fuel line explosion When >2%, system halt H 2 S CL,F,Br,I NH 3 Hydrogen Sulfide Halogen Ammonia Corrode Fuel line and Cylinder Corrode Fuel line and Cylinder Corrode Fuel line and Cylinder Install De-sulfide system Wet Scrubber + Chemical Treatment Wet Scrubber Tar Oil & Tar Corrode Fuel line and Control <5μm gas filter Oil vapor remove Si(*) Silicon & Siloxanes Damage at Fuel line and Cylinder Inside oil of Engine <75ppm is needed Problem of Durability Activated carbon or Silica gel Dust Small dust Malfuction of Fuel line <5μm Gas filter

31 Installation of Biogas Generation system(cheongyang) Power : 50 kwh Reciprocating gas engine Operation time: 19hours/day Averaged produced biogas amount : 25 m3 /h Gen neration(kwh) 100 1,200 1, 년 8 월 Monthly Electrical Generation 10월 12월 09년 2월 일평균 Fermenter - Monthly 년간일평균 4 월 6 월 CH4(%) 년 8 월 10월 12월 09년 2월 일평균 년간일평균 4 월 6 월

32 Bio CHP Moisture Remover Gas Engine Sulfur Remover Gas engine CHP Blower

33 1 2 Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration 3 Micro-turbine Cogeneration Gas turbine Cogeneration Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

34 65kW Micro-Turbine 항목 data Output Power Heat 64.4kW 110kWth Electric 25.5% Efficiency Heat 43.1% Total 68.6% Pollutant NOx (O 2 15%) 9 ppm Noise (0.6m) 92dB Background Noise 48dB

35 65kW Micro-Turbine

36 65kW Micro-Turbine C60 시제품 배가스열교환기 LC 장치 PCS 제어기 C60 설치 시제품추가설치

37 Development of 200kW Micro-Turbine 항목 data Output Power Heat 200kW 268kWth Electric 32% Efficiency Heat 43% Total 75% Pollutant NOx (O 2 15%) 50 ppm

38 1 2 3 Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration Micro-turbine Cogeneration 4 Gas turbine Cogeneration 5 6 Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

39 5MW Gas turbine Cogeneration System 5MW Gas turbine Cogeneration system Fuel : Biogas, LNG Project Goal Power : 5 MW Total Eff. : 84% Power Eff. : 33% Noise : 75 db(a) NOx : 25 ppm 출처 : 일본 Kawasaki 사, GPCC 15 모델

40 1 2 3 Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration Micro-turbine Cogeneration 4 Gas turbine Cogeneration 5 6 Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

41 What is Stirling Cycle Engine? External Combustion Engine Working Fluid : He, H2, N2

42 Technical Characteristics of Stirling Engine Low Emission Engine External Continuous Combustion Use Present Combustion Technologies (Catalytic Combustion, etc.) No Explosion Low Noise, Vibration Lots of fuels : Gaseous fuels : Biomass, Methane gas, Natural gas, etc. Liquid fuels : Gasoline, Waste oil, etc. Solid fuels : Coal, Industrial waste, etc. Solar energy, Geothermal energy, etc. Seal Technology Solid Lubrication

43 Domestic Cogeneration Concept

44 WhisperGen 1kW Stirling Engine Cogen. Enclosure Burner Exhaust Heat Exchanger Core engine Electrical Output Alternator Fan Gas valve Heating Water Circuit

45 Domestic Cogeneration Systems Baxi microgen(1.1kwe) Honda EcoWill(1kWe)

46 Development of 1kW Stirling Engine CHP 1kWe Stirling-engine CHP(24kWt) Fuel : LNG Electrical Eff : 15%, Total Eff. : Above 95%

47 Stirling Engine CHP Systems Biogas Applications Landfill Applications Waste Gas Applications Solar Hybrid with Propane (Ex: STM 55kW Cogen)

48 1 2 3 Technology/Introduction Gas Engine Cogeneration Micro-turbine Cogeneration 4 Gas turbine Cogeneration 5 6 Stirling Engine Cogeneration Hybrid Cogeneration

49 Configuration of ORC Plant MGT-ORC System

50 Bio Mass CHP & Wood Chipping

Using Methane Gas to Produce Electricity and Thermal Energy

Using Methane Gas to Produce Electricity and Thermal Energy Presented by: Stephen J. Chippas, PE Regional Chief Executive Robert W. Hunt Company American Public Power Association Engineering & Operations