Unabhängige, beratende und planende Ingenieure für Wasser-, Abwasser-, Abfall- und Umwelttechnik

Transcription

1 An Element for Your Success Independent consultants and planning engineers for water, waste water, solid waste and environmental technologies Unabhängige, beratende und planende Ingenieure für Wasser-, Abwasser-, Abfall- und Umwelttechnik

2 Monitoring Systems for Industrial Wastewater

3 1. Introduction to the Project

4 Main Aim of the Project Recommend a reliable fool proof online/continuous monitoring system for the industrial wastewater treatment and its disposal. Source:

5 Results of the Project: Recommendations for: Individual industries Wastewater treatment plant operators Environment regulatory agencies. Source:

6 Objective of the project (1) Summarize information concerning the existing online/continuous monitoring systems for industrial wastewater on the basis of: Field visits, Existing directives and guidelines, Meetings/interactions with officials Source: areeradvancementblog.com

7 Objective of the project (2) Suggest remarks for guidelines and directives for online/continuous monitoring systems for industrial wastewater. Implementation by the central and State Pollution Control Boards (environmental regulatory agencies).

8 2. Important Aspects of Online Monitoring Systems in India

9 Previous experience with online monitoring system Review of existing Indian quality standards for effluent treatment plants Field Visits Review of existing online monitoring guidelines (status for October 2016)

10 Field Visits in New Delhi on CETPs Revision of the existing online monitoring systems in: Five CETPs A RTWQM system in New Delhi Source:

11 CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CETP Society) Field Visits CETP Narela CETP SMA CETP Okhla CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CEPT Society) Current load of the plant: 482 kg COD/d = 4,000 PE German Size Cat. No. 2 Online measurement in the effluent of CETP Lawrence Road

12 CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CETP Society) CETP Narela CETP SMA CETP Okhla Current load of the plant: 4,680 kg COD/d =40,000 PE Aerated tank of CETP Narela German Size Cat. No. 4 Overview of CETP Narela

13 CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CETP Society) CETP Narela CETP SMA CETP Okhla Online measurement in the effluent of CETP Narela

14 CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CETP Society) CETP Narela CETP SMA CETP Okhla Current load of the plant: 1,052 kg COD/d =8,800 PE German Size Cat. No. 3 Overview of CETP SMA

15 CETP Lawrence Road (also KESPIA CETP Society) CETP Narela CETP SMA CETP Okhla Online Measurement in the effluent of CETP Okhla Current load of the plant: 1,750 kg COD/d =14,600 PE German Size Cat. No.4

16 Field Visits in Vapi on CETP and ETPs ETP of UPL LTD CETP Vapi ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer

17 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Current load of the plant: 715 kg COD/d =6,000 PE German size category 3

18 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Overview of ETP UPL LTD Online measurement in the effluent of ETP of UPL LTD

19 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Overview of CETP Vapi (Müller 2013) CETP Vapi flowchart

20 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Current load of the plant: Online measurements in the effluent of CETP Vapi 55,000 kg COD/d =460,000 PE German size category 5

21 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Current load of the plant: 800 kg COD/d =6,700 PE German Size Cat. No. 3

22 ETP of UPL LTD CETP VAPI ETP of Richter Themes Medicare ETP of Bayer Online measurements in the effluent of ETP Bayer

23 Field Visit on RTWQM of River Yamuna Real time water quality measurement of river Yamuna

24 Field Visit on RTWQM of River Yamuna Specterpmeter probes can measure: TSS, COD, BOD, DO, Temperature, Conductivity, Chloride, Turbuidity, Nitrate, Ammonia Operates based on the UV spectrometry principle. The power required for the station is drawn through the solar panel installation. Real time data is provided every 15 minutes. disturbance of the sensor measurement by contaminants.

25 Primary Challenges Concerning the RTWQMs Usage of the data for further purposes e.g.: alarm, etc. Lower the maintenance costs Lower the amount of measurement failures Ensure power supply (current problems due to low efficiency of solar installation especially during winter and monsoon season).

26 Previous Experience with Online Monitoring System Introduction of online monitoring system for air quality control in 2006 with the installation of first devices for testing. 17 highly polluting industries were asked by Central pollution control Board asked to install online effluent quality emission control systems no later than March 31,2015. Till now 700 installations on central portal and 1000 units submitting data on various portals maintaned by the instrument suppliers

27 Previous Experience with Online Monitoring System CPCB owns a very good tracking system. Keep track of the dischargers with Sensor- Based devices linked online to CPCB. Data are sent to CPCB each 15 minutes and is presented on a real time data display system. In case of exceeding values a SMS alert will be sent to the responsible person of CPCB. Example of real time data display system

28 CPCB Comments Regarding Online Monitoring Systems (1) Self-regulation of the emissions and immediate actions in case of exceedance from industries. Choosing the suitable equipment to monitor emissions and effluents is the industries duty. Frequent failure of measurements due to interruption of power supply. Reasonable suspicion of data due to constant values provided by the monitoring system. Publishing of the list of the units with highest number of SMS as well as the units which do not submit data regularly by CPCB.

29 CPCB Comments Regarding Online Monitoring Systems (2) Sporadic calibration of the field instruments due to the need to skilled manpower. Very few cases of remote calibration Effort needed in data collection and verification due to the system heterogeneity. Development of online systems on all possible platforms to for an even level of opportunities for all the stakeholders. Data transmission and acquisition standards are needed due to different formats in the data generated from these instruments.

30 CPCB Comments Regarding Online Monitoring Systems (3) Questionability of the installation points of online measurement for effluent parameters (sometimes not in the effluent of the plant). Possibility of CPCB to view and verify the data the and the status of instruments by remote configuration. Open competition resulted in growing many firms and being technically competent to address various issues. However, there is long way to reach the level of acceptance in terms of service and quality of output.

31 CPCB Comments Regarding Online Monitoring Systems (4) Using the data for improving the efficiency of ETPs and CETPs, water conservation, and chemical discharge reduction. The System conceived by CPCB is expected to mature in a period of 2-3 years. It is anticipated that by , a robust and reliable Online Monitoring System in India is developed.

32 3. Observations and Suggetions on the Existing Guidelines in India (Status for October 2016)

33 Guidelines for Online Monitoring Systems (2014) Introduction of real time monitoring and its basic requirements, techniques and instrumentation for online measurement. Site selection System operation: calibration frequency, validation and measurement accuracy, maintenance Data management with the data acquisition and display system description

34 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring Structure On the basis of the German guidelines: DWA-M 269 Process Analysis Equipment for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon in Wastewater Treatment Systems, DWA-M 260 Capture, Display, Evaluation and Documentation of Operating Data of Sewage treatment Plants With the Help of Data Processing It is proposed to use the following structure which is easy for revision and use by stakeholders.

35 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring I. scope of the guideline The first very important chapter is the precise scope of the guideline. In this chapter following points are defined: 1. General information which is specified in the guideline 2. Stakeholders of the guideline 3. Types of the plants and instrumentation which are described in guide-line II. Terms and definitions General explanation of abbreviations, terms and useful definitions

36 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring III. Online Measurement Devices 1. Application and general requirements 2. Presentation and configuration of measuring systems Recommended content: Survey Comparison of measuring systems (separate in-situ and extractive measuring systems) Suggestions: - Dividing the sensors in two types (based on German guidelines) Insitu analyser/sensor Extractive analyser/sensor - Proper installations for different types sensors/analysors as well as drawings.

37 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring 3. Requirements for basic configurations Requirements for In-situ systems and outdoor analysers Requirements for measuring systems in protective cabinets Requirements for measuring systems in buildings and containers Criteria for detailed planning Measuring Location 4. Sample conveyance and sample preparation Pumps (e.g. Supervision of the operation of the pumps) Pipes (e.g. max. lenght, flow velocity, pipeline) 5. Analysis methods Applied methods Description of analysis methods for each relevant parameter separately

38 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring Online Measurement Devices 6. Performance characteristics Features and accessories (equipment configuration, sample volume, information transfer, equipment safety (electrical safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), CE marking), operation notification and failure behaviour, operator guidance Specifications (response time, particle tolerance, interferents, ambient temperature, reagent consumption, measuring range/working range, limit of quantification, limit of detection, accuracy) 7. Documentation of measured values 8. Quality assurance Quality assurance of sample collection and sample preparation Control measures for validation of measured values Control, maintenance and repair equipment logbook

39 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring Online Measurement Devices 9. Chemical operating material Application Workplace safety for handling and storage Disposal 10. Requirements for the perfective maintenance Maintenance, inspection and repair Product support 11. Service Staff training Teleservice Supply of measured values

40 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring 12. Tendering Whole equipment (sample uptake, processing, analyse) from one supplier in order to have best available warranty protection All additional costs e.g. for pipe, sample uptake basin, pumping station (control of the pumps) and cover or cabinet for the instrumentation are integrated Description of function of the measuring systems with the description of interfaces Description of type of measurements with the special features fo the measurements Commissioning and test phase Documentation and Training (at least two times) Service works and contracts (Warranty time at least 5 years) E.g. Tendering on the basis of VOB Whole costs of the equipment (invest, operation, insurance, spare parts, hire of the equipment

41 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring 13. Costs Investment costs Running costs

42 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring IV. Capture, Display, Evaluation and Documentation of Operating Data 1. Data structure and capture 2. Archives Data structure Data capture and storage Status information Identification of data Requirements for data archives Types of archives for historic data Status information Identification of data Data retention / capacity of archives

43 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring 3. Display and processing of data Requirements for representations for operation and monitoring Reports Protocols 4. Help features Standard analysis Advanced analysis Requirements for representations of operation and monitoring Automatic plausibility monitoring Archive corrections in long-term archives Data exchange Other Help features (e.g. picture editor, report editor, outsourcing of archives, data and system backup, system diagnostics, management of access rights)

44 Improvement of Guidelines for Online Monitoring 5. Notes for execution Planning Execution and commissioning

45 Review of Existing Indian Quality Standards for Effluent Treatment Plants

46 Review of Existing Indian Quality Standards for Effluent Treatment Plants Questionability of the need to measure BOD in industries outlet because: It is time consuming Cannot be measured online. Instead, online measurement of TOC/COD and calculation of BOD accordingly. According to EU and German discharge standards, values of : - Ammonia-nitrogen (NH4/NH3-N) - Inorganic nitrogen (Nin), - Total kjeldahl-nitrogen (TKN) - Total phosphorus (Ptot)) are required to identify the impact of wastewater treatment receiving water body. on the Source:

47 Review of Existing Indian Quality Standards for Effluent Treatment Plants Inconsistency in the values for effluent standards between CPCB version and ENVIS version. According to indirect discharge standards in German Wastewater Ordinance (Abwasserverordnung): Additional parameters: the same for the whole country Compulsory parameters (BOD, COD, N, and P): regulated by the local authorities depending on many factors such as the receiving water body capacity, etc. source:

48 Review of Existing Indian Quality Standards for Effluent Treatment Plants Main principals for German and European wastewater treatment regulations which are not present in the Indian law are based on: Strengthening of the responsibility with economical regulations Monetary penalties for exceedance of effluent quality standards. Emission end of pipe principle regulations used for limitation of loads and concentrations of relevant wastewater parameters Imission principle permission for discharge of waste water due to quality of the water body

49 4. Suggestions for a New Directive on Online Monitoring Systems in India

50 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Distingtion between two groups of wastewater dischargers for a better and precise regulation. Direct dischargers Wastewater dischargers Indirect dischargers

51 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Many of ETPs in India would be classified as indirect dischargers and CETPS are direct dischargers. Based on German wastewater ordinance it is recommended to use the following structure and extend it for the directive on online/continuous mnitoring system in India (next slide).

52 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 1 Scope of Application 1. Minimum requirement for planning, tendering, execution and operation of online monitoring systems. 2. The requirements pursuant to this Directive shall only be included in the permit for those parameters which are expected to occur in the waste water. 3. Other requirements pursuant to other legal revisions shall remain unaffected. 4. Monitoring of effluents of CETPs. ETPs, and industries being discharged wastewater into inland water, on land for irrigation or into the sea.

53 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments 1. In the important chapter of scope of application the following points should be discussed: 1. General information 2. Stakeholders of the guideline 2. Suggestion: Expansion of the scope of directive for all kinds of industries.

54 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 2 Definition of terms and abbreviations CETP ETP RTWQM CPCB SPCB OMS COD BOD TOC N P Common Effluent Treatment Plant Effluent Treatment Plant Real Time Water Quality Monitoring Central Pollution Control Board State Pollution Control Board Online Measurement System Chemical oxygen Demend Biological oxygen Demand Total Organic Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus

55 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India 1. Random sample: Article 2 Definition of terms and abbreviation a single sample taken from a waste water flow 2. Composite sample: a sample taken continuously over a given period, a sample consisting of several samples taken either continuously or discontinuously over a given period and then blended. 3. Qualified random sample a composite sample of at least five random samples taken over a maximum period of two hours at intervals of no less than two minutes, and then blended. 4. Production-specific load level The load level (e.g. m 3 /t, g/t, kg/t) in relation to the production capacity on which the water discharge license is based.

56 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 2 Definition of terms and abbreviation 5. Site of occurrence the place where the waste water has been treated prior to blending with other waste water; otherwise, the place where it is first collected. 6. Blending merging of waste water flows from different origins. 7. Parameter chemical, physical or biological measurement factor as listed in the Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules. 8. Allegation calculation of a permissible load or concentration derived from the requirements in Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules concerning the individual waste water flows. 9. Direct dischargers: Industries or wastewater treatment plants (ETPs or CETPs) discharge their wastewater through their own sewerage and wastewater treatment plant direct into the inland surface water, on land for irrigation or into sea.

57 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 2 Definition of terms and abbreviation 10. Indirect dischargers: Industries or wastewater treatment plants (ETPs or CETPs) discharge their wastewater - if necessary after pre-treatment -via a public sewerage to mechanical-biological treatment plant. 11. Online/continues measurement/sensor/analysing equipment automatic measurement device with continuous(or at a given frequency) output signal proportional to the value of one or more determinants in a solution which it measures.

58 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments In the framework of separate regulations and documents (e.g. Environment (Protection) Amendment Rules) some additional regulations or adjustments of current regulations have to be issued. It is required in particular according to discharge licenses or loads.

59 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 3 General requirements 1. Components of online monitoring system have to be planned, tendered, executed and operated according to the corresponding Guidelines for Online continuous monitoring system for Effluents 2. Planning, tendering, executing and commissioning of the system has to be based on the mentioned guideline and approved by CPCB and PCC. Authorities should: approve the planning, inspect and permit the usage of installation after commissioning. have the authorization for immediate and unconditional access to the measuring devices and online monitoring systems can cancel permit for usage of the system or discharge of waste water.

60 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 3 General requirements 3. Relevant parts of the online/continuous monitoring system installation have to blocked/saved by the help of anti-tamper seal by officials from appropri-ate authorities (SPCB, CPCB or PCC). 4. Ammonia nitrogen, COD or TOC have to be measured online/continuously in the effluents of waste water treatment plants or direct industry dischargers depending on the size category (Table in the next slide).

61 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India CETP Lawrence Road CETP SMA CETP Narela CETP Okhla CETP Vapi For ETPs in Vapi online Monitoring would be not required!!! indirect dischargers contract with CETP Vapi

62 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 3 General requirements 5. Flow, ph and TSS have to be measured online/continuously in the effluents of waste water treatment plants of size categories 2, 3, 4 and The above mentioned requirements can be tightened by CPCB and SPCB according to the sensitivity or water body which is investigated using e.g. RTWQM. 7. Calculation of TOC in the effluent of the plant has to be made based on the fixed COD/TOC ratio of TOC-limit value can be used directly in the framework of online/continuous monitoring as discharge limit parameter for the effluent of wastewater plants.

63 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for indirect dischargers Requirements on effluent quality for indirect dischargers in Germany are limited to certain industries on substances such as : heavy metals mineral oil chlorinated hydrocarbons cyanides complexation agents Online measurement of these parameters are usually not pacticed due to the high costs.

64 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments In Germany, all the other parameters is dependant on the contract between the indirect (e.g. ETP) and the corresponding direct discharger (e.g. CETP) in cooperation and acceptance with the local environmental authority maximal values of parameters (mg/l) in the effluent from several segments of metalworking industry before this wastewater is mixed with other sewage

65 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for indirect discharger regulation COD, BOD values should be defined in the contract at appropriate level (load and concentration) according to the capacity of the direct discharger. It has to be established in the framework of the indirect discharge permit/contract, if the online monitoring of relevant parameters is required. Possible Mutual goals for both sides (indirect and direct discharger) for which the monitoring could be useful are: Payment for purification based on the load (e.g. in kg/d) of the relevant parameter (e.g. COD, BOD, N or P). Controlling the capacity management of the WWTP (CETP) by means of investigation and documentation of the load for relevant wastewater parameters (e.g. COD in kg/d).

66 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for indirect discharger Online monitoring in central system of CPCB is not required due to self regulatory mechanism used locally. CPCB and SPCB are not responsible for online monitoring of indirect dischargers.

67 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for direct dischargers Two aspects are considered in monitoring the direct dischargers 1) End of Pipe Principle (Emission) Wastewater quality is depending on the size/capacity of the plant. Size category relates to the design capacity or real loads in the influent of BOD of the wastewater treatment plant. Required level of monitoring for the plant is dependent on the classification. For small plant only investigations of BOD and COD and for bigger plants NH 4, N, and P in addition are required.

68 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments german example Minimal requirements for direct discharger (e.g. communal plant) ap-plied in Germany to waste water at direct discharge into the water body

69 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for direct discharger 2) Emission Principle Based on the condition and intake capacity of the water body the environmental regulating agencies can decide in the frame-work of permission for discharge to the water bodies to: Tighten the concentrations set on the basis of Emission-Principle Put additional parameters Set additional limits for the loads in the effluent (e.g. limit of kg COD/d) Change the plant size category.

70 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for direct discharger c) Size category depending regulation for the online monitoring for direct dischargers Effort needed for the online monitoring should be dependent on the size class of the plant. Bigger plants a measurement accuracy of ±10 % for key/sensitive parameters should be required. For smaller plants a lower accuracy e.g. ±20% for key/sensitive parameters would be acceptable.

71 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments for direct discharger d) Alternative and future parameters Suggestions for Indian online monitoring directive based on current discussions about TOC and COD in Germany : Instead of time consuming investigation of COD/TOC ratio on the plants (which can be also very variable) a value of 4 is suggested. TOC limit can be defined and used as discharge limit parameter for effluent of WWTPs.

72 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 4 Analysis and measurement procedure Analysis and measurement used in the framework of online/continuous monitoring system are specified in the Guidelines for Online continuous monitoring system for Effluents Comments Corresponding existing documents are to be mentioned in the directive. For review of these documents we require Indian support because it is not the part of our contract.

73 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 5 Components and installation of the online/continuous monitoring system have to be evaluated according to the Guidelines for Online continuous monitoring system for Effluents

74 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments: These properties cannot be specified in the directive. Because Directives contain general framework of rigid rules and goals for online monitoring systems. As a result, guidelines are the proper documents for including recommendations and suggestions.

75 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 6 Reference point of the requirements The requirements refer to the : point at which the waste water is discharged into the water bodies site of occurrence of the waste water site prior to blending. The point of discharge is synonymous with the outlet from the waste water plant where the waste water was last treated. The site prior to blending is also the point of discharge into a public waste water plant.

76 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Article 7 Compliance with the requirements For compliance check only daily mean values of parameters are considered. If the level of a parameter in the discharge license is not complied with the results of online monitoring system, it shall nevertheless be deemed to have been met if : The results of the last 100 days are complying for 80 days (or a percentage of the days) with the requirements no result exceeds the level by more than 100 percent.

77 Suggested Practicable Directive for Online Monitoring System in India Comments: Using a regulation similar to German regulation for checking the compliance with the requirements. Daily mean values are representative due to : statistical coverage of value High hydraulic retention time in the system of WWTP Low dynamics of most wastewater treatment processes

78 Conclusion (1) Current Indian online environmental monitoring system consists of: Online measurement devices in the effluents of ETPs of Industries discharging purified wastewater to the CETPs. Online measurement devices in the effluents of CETPs Real Time Water Quality Monitoring stations installed in the water bodies Data acquisition systems Data display and alert systems

79 Conclusion (2) Future work concentration should be on the following points which are still open 1. Recommendations for better tendering/contracting of online measurement devices, systems and their maintenance 2. Recommendations for improved installation and usage of measurement devices and system to achieve the following goals: a. Usage of online devices also for control and regulation of the wastewater treatment plants (ETPs and CETPs) b. Controlled/permitted installation of devices and systems c. Lower failure rate of the online monitoring devices d. Lower possibility of data and sample manipulation

80 Conclusion (3) 3) Recommendations for usage of collected data in order to achieve following purposes: a. Improve control over impacts on the environment using e.g. net-work of RTWQM stations and OMS on the wastewater treatment plants b. Increased cost-effectiveness of operation of the monitoring system c. Improvement of water quality of water bodies 4. Recommendations concerning quality standards and parameters which are relevant and available using economically justifiable online monitoring devices and systems 5. Recommendations concerning selection of suitable techniques and instrumentation for online measurements.

81 Thank You for Your Attention!!!