U.S. Hydropower. Resource Assessments. Northwest Hydroelectric Association Small Hydro Workshop

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1 U.S. Hydropower Resource Assessments Northwest Hydroelectric Association Small Hydro Workshop September 22-23, 2011 Bend, Oregon presented by Brennan T. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. Water Power Program Manager Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Century 19 20th Development Era Century Hydropower Construction

2 The U. S. Hydropower Fleet Late Hydropower Post-War 20 Depression WWII Early th Century 19 20th Development Era Century Hydropower Construction Hydropower since Development 1990 Build Time 2 Managed by UT-Battelle pre

National Hydropower Asset Assessment Program (NHAAP) What: A core geospatial energy-water database A core

federally-chartered energy-water-ecology data products Who Authorization, funding, and guidance from DOE NHAAP

to validate, integrate, maintain, and disseminate information Federal agency partners whenever possible,

3 National Hydropower Asset Assessment Program (NHAAP) What: A core geospatial energy-water database A core hydropower project configuration and production database Dynamic linkages to multiple agencies and federally-chartered energy-water-ecology data products Who Authorization, funding, and guidance from DOE NHAAP team of hydropower engineers, aquatic ecologists, environmental assessment professionals, and geospatial analysts to validate, integrate, maintain, and disseminate information Federal agency partners whenever possible, including Reclamation, Corps, and USGS 3 Managed by UT-Battelle 84,000 Dams 17,000 Stream gages 5,116 Hydroelectric Units 1,200 Climatology Stations

4 U.S. Hydropower 2011 Status Rated Capacity Non-Fed 57 GW Corps 23.8 GW Reclamation 15.1 GW Number of Units Non-Fed 4,370 Corps 432 Reclamation 198 TVA 116 Technology Francis 51 GW 2,565 Units Kaplan 19 GW 720 Units Other 26 GW 1,501 Units TVA 5.2 GW Pelton 2.6 GW 330 Units Size (Capacity) Distribution Not Shown: Bath County (VA) MW Grand Coulee (WA) MW, MW 4 Managed by UT-Battelle

5 Hydropower Assessment & Development Scale Users & Uses Policy Analysis Research Programming Transmission Planning Environmental Planning Generation Planning Project Developers Site-Specific Feasibility Technology Deployment Project Developers Clarity Modeling & Remote Sensing Increasing Detail Decreasing Uncertainty Site-Specific Assessment Roles Government Industry 5 Managed by UT-Battelle

6 Hydropower Resource Assessment at ORNL Baseline Datasets Environmental Attributes Development Modeling & Analyses Cost and Supply Models 6 Managed by UT-Battelle

7 Pumped-Storage Hydropower Oct 2011 Pumped Storage Challenges: Technical? Economic and financial? Policy? All of the above? 7 Managed by UT-Battelle

8 Non-Powered Dam Potential: 12.6 GW at 54,000 Dams

NPD Top 100 includes 8 GW Including 81 Federal (Corps) facilities 260 MW at Reclamation facilties In Construction: Cannelton:

9 Non-Powered Dam (NPD) potential is concentrated: The NPD Top 10: 3 GW at Corps of Engineers Facilities 4 Ohio River Dams 1 Mississippi River Facility 1 Alabama River Facility 2 Tombigbee River Facilities 1 Arkansas River Facility 1 Red River Facility The NPD Top 100 includes 8 GW Including 81 Federal (Corps) facilities 260 MW at Reclamation facilties In Construction: Cannelton: 2-unit (44 MW) Smithland: 2-unit (48 MW) Meldahl: 3-unit (111 MW) In Planning or Design: Willow Island: 3-unit (84 MW): RC Byrd: 3-unit (76 MW):

10 Non-Powered Dam Potential With Other Renewables Wind Map: NREL Non-Powered Dam Potential exists in areas with less than ideal wind and solar resources Water availability, particularly for regulated rivers, is NOT correlated with wind and solar availability (combined firming of capacity)

11 Non-Powered Dam Potential With Other Renewables Solar Map: NREL Non-Powered Dam Potential exists in areas with less than ideal wind and solar resources Water availability, particularly for regulated rivers, is NOT correlated with wind and solar availability (combined firming of capacity)

NHAAP Preliminary Environmental Assessment of

12 NHAAP Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Non-Power Dam Potential Most non-powered dams and potential capacity can be developed outside of critical habitat, parks, and wilderness areas. Wild & Scenic Rivers Critical Habitats Federal & Tribal Lands 12 Managed by UT-Battelle

13 New Hydropower Development Spatial accuracy and uniformity of integrated datasets Estimation of ungaged flow Inundation modeling Basin-by-basin processing Test basin is ACT-ACF in GA-AL-FL completion in Dec 2011 Remainder in 2012 Different process for AK

national-scale assessment - computationally intensive,

14 Topographic Evaluation More head (elevation difference) and storage with less Dam Automated algorithm for national-scale assessment - computationally intensive, cannot be achieved using regular desktop facility. 14 Managed by UT-Battelle

15 NHAAP Public Portal November 2011 release Limited functionality now Public and non-public data Password access to sensitive data

U.S. Hydropower. Fleet and Resource Assessments. National Hydropower Association Annual Conference. Brennan T. Smith, Ph.D., P.E.

U.S. Hydropower. Fleet and Resource Assessments. National Hydropower Association Annual Conference. Brennan T. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. U.S. Hydropower Fleet and Resource Assessments National Hydropower Association Annual Conference April 5, 2011 Capital Hilton Washington, D.C. presented by Brennan T. Smith, Ph.D., P.E. National Hydropower