IEA Task 24 Integration of Wind and Hydropower Systems

Transcription

1 IEA Task 24 Integration of Wind and Hydropower Systems Tom Acker, Ph.D. Operating Agent, Task 24 Northern Arizona University UWIG Wind-Hydro Integration Workshop March 21-22, 2007

2 Acknowledgements The Task formerly known as an Annex National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) U.S. Department of Energy International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind and Hydropower Implementing Agreements (IA) IEA Task 24 participants

3 Outline The IEA and Tasks What is Wind and Hydropower Integration? Task Work Plan Participant Case Studies Transmission Control Area Hydroelectric Plant Independent Controls Generation Data Wind Plant

4 What is the IEA? OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; 30 Member Countries Treaty IEA International Energy Agency Formed 1974; 26 countries; autonomous Objectives: Coping with oil supply disruptions To promote rational energy policies Information system on oil market Develop alternative energy sources and increase the efficiency of energy use To assist in the integration of environmental and energy policies

5 What is a Task? IEA Governing Board; Standing Groups and Committees Committee on Energy Research and Technology CERT Working Parties Fossil Fuels Renewable Energy End Use Fusion Power Implementing Agreements (IA) 40 Collaborative R&D Projects R&D Work Task or Annex Wind IA 22 Countries Operating Agent of Task 24: NREL Joint with Hydro IA Sister is Task 25

6 Task 24 Participants Country Australia Canada Finland Norway Sweden Switzerland United States Contracting Party Australia Wind Energy Assoc. Natural Resources Canada TEKES National Technology Agency in Finland Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Swedish Energy Agency Swiss Federal Office of Energy U.S. Department of Energy Hydro Tasmania Natural Resources Canada Manitoba Hydro Hydro-Quebec VTT Sintef Energy Research Statkraft Energy KTH Swedish Institute of Technology EW Ursern Participant National Renewable Energy Laboratory Arizona Power Authority Bonneville Power Administration Grant County Public Utility District

7 What is Wind and Hydropower Integration? 100 MW Cethana Power Station, Tasmania Woolnorth Wind Farm, Tasmania

8 Conceptual View Organizations /Stakeholders $ Market and Economics $ Hydro Facility Hydrologic Operations & Priorities Hydropower Operation Power to grid Ancillary services Issues Owners Operators Regulatory Customers Impacts Transmission Need for Ancillary Services Opportunity to store resources Wind Plant scheduled by nature Power to grid Transmission Control Area Loads, Generation, Reliability Laws and Regulations Agreements and Contracts

9 Questions to Answer Wind impact on the balancing area: ancillary services of regulation, load following, unit commitment & system planning (capacity value) Ability of the hydro to address these impacts Physical resources Operational flexibility Hydrological impacts What are the economics? Cost/value of ancillary services Opportunity cost to hydro / Value of wind in system Value of energy storage Effect of market and system operation

10 Annex Objectives Establishment of an international forum for exchange of knowledge, ideas, and experiences Share information among participating members related to case study topics Identify technically and economically feasible system configurations including the effects of market structure on economics with the intention of identifying the most effective market structures Document case studies, on-line library of reports

11 Means to Achieve Objectives Draw upon research efforts within member countries Case Studies Grid integration of wind energy Hydrological/hydropower impacts Electricity market and economics Simplified modeling R&D meetings Complete work 2008

12 Case Studies Australia Hydro Tasmania Small system characteristics 10.4 TWh 96% Hydro ~2100 MW Peak Load, ~2600 MW Capacity 2280 MW hydro, 240 MW thermal, 65 MW wind Minimum system inertia & fault level, fault ride through, minimum system support. Costs related to integrating wind and hydropower resources Analyze impact of wind on spill and water flow changes Australian market Analysis of market rules and their adequacy for wind generation Basslink 40% Tasmanian Power System Potential Generation Distribution for 1200MW Load Wind 22% Source: Hydro Tasmania Synchronous 38%

13 Case Studies Canada Manitoba Hydro 29 TWh 98% hydro ~ 4000 MW Peak Load, ~ 5500 MW Capacity, 100 MW wind Export 33% of energy Cost to integrate wind? Wind enhancement product, and cost? Hydro Quebec 165 TWh 96% hydro ~ 36,000 MW Peak Load, ~ 38,800 MW Capacity Wind in 2005: 212 MW, in 2015: MW ( 10 TWh) Impacts on efficient power plant operation? Impacts on ''real time'' and day ahead market operations? Power system impacts and integration costs? Natural Resources Canada RetScreen application on Mid-Columbia

14 Case Studies Finland System Characteristics ~ 85 TWh (11% hydro), peak 13 GW ~ 16.8 GW installed capacity 2.6 GW Nuclear, 3 GW Hydro, 11.2 GW Thermal (6.5 GW CHP) Interconnections: 4 GW to Finland Part of Nordel network with Sweden, Norway and Denmark Effect of large amounts of wind power on the Nordic electricity market and use of hydro resources (Nordic/Finland) Effect of wind power on one producer (PVO) Source: VTT

15 Case Studies Norway System Characteristics ~ 120 TWh mostly hydro Wind target is 3 TWh in 2010 Wind 160 MW (2004) Deregulated Nordic power market Regional power system study Wind farm impacts on electric power system NO1 +/-1000 MW DK1 DK2 Germany 800/1200 MW 670/630 MW SE Source: SINTEF Energy Research

16 Case Studies Sweden System Characteristics ~155 TWh <50% Hydro ~ 33,212 MW Capacity Wind power in regions with limited export capabilities Management of hydropower and wind power on the daily electricity market Analysis of wind power impact on required amount of reserve capacity Source: KTH

17 Case Studies USA Missouri River System ~ 2500 MW Hydro operated by US Corp of Engineers Estimate of system impact on WAPA balancing area operations Completed 2006, EnerNex, Wind on the Wires Mid-Columbia River Grant Co. PUD ~ 2000 MW capacity, Run-of-river Impact on operations and ability to meet flow constraints Expect completion 2007, NREL, NAU, GCPUD Lower Colorado River Arizona Power Authority APA responsible for Arizona s allocation of federal hydro power ~ 370 MW of power from Hoover dam and transmission along WAPA lines System impacts, organizational feasibility Expect Completion 2007, NREL, APA, NAU Bonneville Power Administration

18 The Matrix Study conducted by: Geographic area of study: Power system characteristics: Load Conventional generation Interconnection Wind power Peak (MW) Min (MW) TWh/a Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW) MW TWh/a Other relevant characteristics of power system: Characteristics of system planning: Descripton of market: Integration time frames of importance: Yes/No Time Frame Frequency, system dynamics, grid stability, LVRT, PSS, V-Reg Regulation, AGC Load following; intrahour ramping; economic dispatch Unit commitment and day-ahead scheduling; economic utilization of resources Resource and capacity planning; reliability Set up A Aim of study 1 what happens with x GWh wind 2 how much wind is possible M Method to perform study 1 add wind energy 2 wind also replaces capacity S Simulation model of operation 3 optimal system design 1 deterministic simulation, one case 2 deterministic simulation several cases 3 Stochastic simulation several cases Simulation detail R Resolution of time 1 day/week 2 hour 3 minute/second P Pricing method 1 costs of fuels etc 2 prices for trading with neighours

19 Results Expected The technical and economic feasibility of wind/hydro integration in specific case studies; Identification of practical W/H configurations; A consistent method of study and comparison; The ancillary services required by wind energy, and the electric system reliability impacts, of incorporating various levels of wind energy into utility grids that include hydro generation; An understanding of the costs, benefits, challenges opportunities, and how to manage impacts; and Consider hydro simulation and optimization

20 What Makes a Difference? High Market character and function Economics System operation Sophistication of modeling complexity of operations Medium Hydro system operational flexibility Flow constraints System resources (generation) Characteristics of wind resource The results are influenced by your perspective A future paradigm

21 Thank You