Closing the Loop. Approaches to Net Zero Water. May 15, 2018 Presented to the Sixth Emerging Water Technology Symposium by Carmen Cejudo, PE, PAE

Transcription

1 Closing the Loop Approaches to Net Zero Water May 15, 2018 Presented to the Sixth Emerging Water Technology Symposium by Carmen Cejudo, PE, PAE

2 To be sustainable our culture must function as a mature ecosystem. - Toby Hemenway, Author of Gaia s Garden

3 Functional vs. Dysfunctional Systems Overview of Cycles

4 The Water Cycle

5 The Carbon Cycle

6 Our current systems are disconnected From the Humunaure Handbook

7 Closing the Loop includes the Nutrient Cycle From the Humunaure Handbook

8 Built Environment & The Broader Ecology

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10 US Water Use Other Publically Supplied Uses 5.4% Industrial 5% Domestic 8.5% Aquaculture 2.6% Thermoelectic Power 41.5% Irrigation 37%

11 Energy & Water Nexus CEC 2005 Report California Water Related Energy Use Water Cleaning & Transportation 19% End use 81% End Use 81%

12 There is no one solution. Closing the loop is a process that depends on scale.

13 PAE s Six Steps to Net Zero Water

14 The first step strives to eliminate pollution

15 Top Causes of Pollution in Rivers and Streams Resource Urban Runoff/ Extraction 5% Stormwater 5% Construction Sites 0.15% Atmospheric Deposition 6% Agriculture 22% Unspecified Nonpoint 8% Sewage/Municipal Discharges 8% Hydromodification 14% Natural/Wildlife 9% Habitat Alteration 10% Unknown 11%

16 Pollutants at the Building Scale

17 Water Budget

18 Analyze the Ecosystem

19 Analyze the Ecosystem Rain income average yearly rainfall Inches Seattle Tucson Portland San Francisco Los Angeles New York

20 Nature s Water Budget 9 Inches of Monthly Average Rainfall for Portland Average Rainfall (in.) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

21 Reduce Water Use How we use water Typical Household Water Use Office Building Water Use Drinking / Cooking 5% Bath / Shower 31% Toilet 44% Toilet 37% Washing & Others 28% Laundry 20% Cooling Towers 31% Garden / Landscaping 4%

22 Reduce Potable Water Use Solar Powered Waterless Water Efficient Dual-Flush Low Flow

23 Separate Water & Nutrient Streams Black Water Potable Water Grey Water Rain Water

24 Treat Using Natural Process

25 Architect: NBBJ Large Scale Urban Development Scale Jumping Impacts for Retail Water Usage OFFICE USAGE TO ROOF AREA NEEDED RETAIL TO ROOF AREA NEEDED Roof area needed: ~180,000 sf Roof area needed: ~1,000,000 sf

26 S Ne+ Architect: NBBJ

27 Small Scale Example: 4-Unit Retreat

28 Individual Scale

29 Individual Scale

30 STATS - Hospital - 155,000 sf - Two Floors Our desire is to open a wedge into the future so that we, and others can see what is possible in a contemporary office building. - Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation, President BENCHMARKS - Pursuing LEED Gold - LEED fundamental and enhanced commissioning ENERGY - 20% Saved WATER - Efficient Fixtures - 20% Saved FEATURES - Built to operating room standards - LED lighting - Daylight harvesting - HVAC heat and recovery evaporative cooling

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32 Medium Scale Example: Office Building

33 Medium Scale Example: Office Building

34 Greywater Treatment Lessons Learned Elevated tank required Must filter to a smaller size than the percolation holes. Concentration rises in the summer.

35 Living in a Living Building The Restroom Experience

36 Grrrrrrrrr

37 Composting Toilet System First Compost Removal

38 Composting Toilet System First Compost Removal No odors, just dry compost

39 Composting Toilet System Lessons Learned Larger Plumbing Chases Specify Equipment Designed for the Application Evenly distribute load Excess leachate is an issue for overloaded equipment Anticipate Post- Construction Changes

40 Rainwater to Potable

41 Recommendations

42 Blackwater Treatment Living Machine Constructed Wetland Composter Membrane Bioreactor

43 Wastewater Treatment Septic Tank

44 Effluent Management Drainfield

45 Wastewater Management Constructed wetlands

46 Wastewater Treatment Packaged treatment system Membrane Bioreactors Sequencing Batch Reactors

47 Greywater Treatment

48 Greywater Treatment Toilets and urinals flushed with reclaimed water DO NOT DRINK

49 Rainwater Treatment

50 Storing Embodied Solar Energy Challenges Properly sizing cistern Collection area

51 Rainwater Reclamation Portland State University, NW Center for Engineering (LEED Gold)

52 Potable Rainwater Lessons learned Anticipate long regulatory process Work with reviewer early in the project Required to become a water district

53 Verify Performance Metering: Total hot water use Total water use Tenant water use Cistern levels

54 Living Building Lessons

55 Creating a better environment Carmen Cejudo, PE, LEED AP Project Manager carmen.cejudo@pae-engineers.com E Madison Street, Suite 300 Seattle, WA 98122