Flue Gas Cleaning in Waste to Energy - Best available technology -

Transcription

1 Flue Gas Cleaning in Waste to Energy - Best available technology -

2 Motivation Flue Gas Cleaning for Waste to Energy is in the focus of the public and therefor of the politicians: - Technology is pushed by more and more stringent legislation - Performance is improved to lower emissions - Overall costs (capex and opex) is the driver for - Minimizing total investment and complexity of systems - Minimizing the consumption of additives - Maximizing energy efficiency 2

3 Available Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies Developments have been made and tailor-made technology is offered: Wet Scrubbing with multistage process, high efficiency, high performance 3

4 Available Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies Developments have been made and tailor-made technology is offered: Wet Scrubbing with multistage process, high efficiency, high performance At the price of high complexity of the system and investments. Offering easy energy recovery with heat exchangers in the scrubber loop 4

5 Available Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies Developments have been made and tailor-made technology is offered: Wet Scrubbing with multistage process, high efficiency, high performance At the price of high complexity of the system and investments. Offering easy energy recovery with heat exchangers in the scrubber loop Dry and Semidry Scrubbing with more simple process, but latest developments also with high efficiency and high performance 5

6 Available Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies Developments have been made and tailor-made technology is offered: Wet Scrubbing with multistage process, high efficiency, high performance At the price of high complexity of the system and investments. Offering easy energy recovery with heat exchangers in the scrubber loop Dry or Semidry Scrubbing with more simple process, but latest developments also with high efficiency and high performance And also with high energy efficiency! 6

7 Improvements on Technology The vision: Nordaußen Nordaußen so gut wie 7

8 Improvements on Technology Reality: Latest development is to combine dry technology with energy efficiency: Dry Sorption Technology: VapoLAB Energy recovery: Condensation Further Energy recovery: Humidification 8

9 Dry Sorption Technology: VapoLAB LP Steam Vaporisator Fabric Filter demin water Activated lignite or PAC Hydrated lime or quick lime LABLoop reactor ACTILAB reactor 9

10 Dry Sorption Technology: VapoLAB Process components - Optional evaporation cooler or external economizer - Optimization of reaction temperature - Increasing of relative humidity - Stabilization of process conditions - LABLoop reactor for intensive mixing between gas and additives - Fabric filter for separation of gas, particulate and reaction - Recirculation / Activation for better performance and efficiency 10

11 VapoLAB Challenge 11

12 VapoLAB Performance 12

13 VapoLAB Results 4 weeks test run results: HCl in: 1.910,6 mg/nm 3 SO 2 in: 739,2 mg/nm 3 HCl out: 5,4 mg/nm 3 SO 2 out: 28,3 mg/nm 3 Stoichiometric ratio: 1,61 (calculated and from residue analysis) 13

14 VapoLAB : References in operation Year of Com Plant Country Fuel Plant Status 2019 WHEELABRATOR, Kemsley Flue gas flow UK Waste New 2 x Nm³/h 2017 VIRIDOR, Beddington UK Waste New 2 x Nm³/h 2016 MVV Leuna D Waste Retrofit 2 x Nm³/h 2016 SITA, Wilton UK Waste New 2 x Nm³/h 2015 VEOLIA, Shropshire UK Waste New 1 x Nm³/h 2015 VIRIDOR, Cardiff UK Waste New 2 x Nm³/h 2014 MVV, Mannheim D Biomass Retrofit 1 x Nm³/h 2014 VANTAA, Helsinki FIN Waste New 2 x Nm³/h 2014 MVV, Ridham Dock UK Biomass New 1 x Nm³/h 2013 Brive F Waste Retrofit 1 x Nm³/h 2011 SITA, Teesside UK Waste Retrofit 2 x Nm³/h 14

15 Energy optimization Final heat exchanger after ventilator: 1. Fin Tube HEX in Ridham Dock (UK) behind VapoLAB 2. Heat recovery by HEX behind Bicar-System in Plymouth (UK) Eco-3 water Eco3 Flue Gas Heat recovery Eco3 ṁ [t/h] 110 TEIN[ C] 108,10 TAUS[ C] 126,60 ṁ [kg/h] TEIN[ C] 164 TAUS[ C] 123 Q [kw]

16 Further energy optimization: Condensation Condensation of water vapour in the flue gas and heat recovery can be achieved by cooling of flue gas below saturation point. Direct condensation HEX water/water directly to district heating Cooling of flue gas from 60 C to 50 C allows a condensation of approx. 73 g/water per Nm³ dry flue gas. This equals to 6,4 MWh/h per Nm³/h and 7,3 m³/h condensate, Assisted condensation HEX plus heat pumps and chilled water loop Cooling of flue gas from 50 C to 40 C allows a condensation of approx. 50 g/water per Nm³ dry flue gas. This equals additional 3,7 MWh/h per Nm³/h and 5 m³/h condensate 16

17 Condenser arrangement Direct condensation = Heat transfer directly to DH system Assisted condensation = DH connected indirectly via heat pumps and chilled water loop Fluegas, out Fluegas, out Fluegas, in PACKING District heating water, in WATER/WATER HE District heating water, out Fluegas, in PACKING WATER/ WATER HE Chilledwater, in Chilledwater, out District heating water, out HEAT PUMP District heating water, in WATER CIRCULATION PUMPS WATER CIRCULATION PUMPS Both systems can be combined for optimized heat recovery 17

18 Direct condensation Direct condensation of water vapour and heat recovery can be achieved by cooling of flue gas below saturation point. This can be done by: - Heat exchanger in process water circulation flow of a scrubber (process water / DH water) - Heat exchanger in the flue gas (district heating water / flue gas heat exchanger) Scrubber water/dh water HEX Flue Gas/DH water HEX 18

19 Direct condensation with water / water HEX DROPLET SEPARATOR t = 1,5-2,0 C Flue gas, out Water to humidifier - Low flue gas pressure loss - Compact solution in a GRP tower - Pollutant removal potential - ph control by NaOH PACKING CONDENSER District heating water, in WATER/WATER HE Fluegas, in District heating water, out CIRCULATION PUMP 19

20 Direct condensation with flue gas / water HEX t = 0,5-1,0 C District heating water, in District heating water, out DROPLET SEPARATOR GAS/WATER HE Flue gas, out - High heat recovery - Low power consumption for circulation pumps - Plate heat exchanger with compact design - Using stainless steel Fluegas, in CIRCULATION PUMP 20

21 Assisted condensation with heat pumps Absorption heat pumps Pumps use the absorption capacity of saline solution to absorb water vapor. The solution is regenerated by heating. Water is used as a refrigerant. It is evaporated in the evaporator, transferred through the absorber to the regenerator and the steam condenses in the condenser. PACKING Fluegas, out WATER/ WATER HEX Chilledwater, in Additional HEAT PUMP District heating water, out Compressor heat pumps Compression pumps circulate a heat transfer fluid (e.g. ammonia) between the condenser, where the compressed gas condenses by cooling and the evaporator where the expanded gas is evaporated by warming up. Fluegas, in WATER CIRCULATION PUMPS Chilledwater, out District heating water, in 21

22 Condensation water usage Condensation produces a high flow of condensate water Internal reuse of raw condensate (quench, bottom ash, humidification etc.) Production of boiler feed water (CO 2 degaser, EDI, resin bed ion exchanger) Discharge to lake, river or sea, low emission requirements (UF, RO, Hg-IE etc.) Zero fresh water Smaller CWT Reducing fresh water National legislation 22

23 Condensation references Aalborg (DK) 4,8 MW Direct Condensation Göteborg (S) 9,9 MW Direct + Absorption HP Högdalen (S) 19,6 MW Direct Condensation Malmö (S) 2 x19 MW Direct + Compressor HP KARA Noveren (Dk) 1 x 6,4 MW Direct Condensation Sundsvall (S) 6,3 MW Direct Condensation Nordforbraending (Dk) 1 x 5,8 MW Assisted + Compressor HP Amagerforbraending (Dk) 2 x 23 MW Direct + Absorption HP 23

24 Condensation plus combustion air humidification To water usage To furnace - Increasing of humidity in combustion air/flue gas - Increase of flue gas saturation point - Higher heat recovery - Cold circulation water temperature 24

25 Humidifier design - Random packing for optimized water air contact - Tower in GRP - Optimized water distribution by trough distributor 25

26 Additional energy recovery w ith humidifier Exampleofbiomassplantin DK Unit Condensation& Humidification Condensation only Flue gas flow Nm³/h Flue gas temperature C Moisture content in flue gas Vol% 28,8 22 District heating water return C Flue gas saturation temperature C 70,6 62 Heat recovery MW 15,3 9,8 26

27 References for condenser plus combustion air humidification Affald Värme Aarhus (DK) - Fuel : Straw - Throuput: 26,5 t/h - Flue gas: Nm³/h - Heat recovery: 11,4 MW HOFOR - Copenhagen (DK) - Fuel : Wood Chips - Thermal heat: 500 MW - Flue gas: Nm³/h - Heat recovery: 122 MW 27

28 System comparism Flue gas flow: Nm³/h wet, temperature: 140 C FGC type Conditions Heat recovery [MW] VapoLAB, no heat recovery Fluegas temperatur out [ C] Condensat [m³/h] VapoLAB + Condenser (Packing and water/water HEX) VapoLAB + Condenser (Fluegas / waterhex) Economizer+ VapoLAB+ 2 stage condenser (Packing +Humidifier) Economizer+ VapoLAB+ 2 stage condenser (Packing + HP) DH: 50 C, DH flow: 800m³/h DH: 50 C, DH flow: 800m³/h DH: 50 C,DH flow: 1000m³/h, Combustion air: Nm³/h dry, T in = 20 C, T out = 49 C DH: 50 C, DH flow: 800m³/h, CW flow: 330 m³/h 5,84 52,5 3,8 6,29 51,5 4,1 9,61 36,5 9 14,91 31,0 11,5 28

29 Merci pour votre attention! an international enterprise, minimizing emissions of WtE installations with innovative technology! LAB SA LAB GmbH 259, avenue Jean Jaurès Bludenzer Straße 6 F LYON Cedex 07 D Stuttgart

30 Diese Präsentation erfolgte im Rahmen der Veranstaltung: IRRC IRRC WASTE-TO-ENERGY 18. und 19. September 2017