Museum Flood Resilience Initiatives on the National Mall

Transcription

1 Museum Flood Resilience Initiatives on the National Mall The Smithsonian Institution The National Archives and Records Administration The National Gallery of Art

2 Presenter Contact Information D avi d S a m e c d. s a m e n ga. g ov C h i ef o f Fa c i l i t i e s. N at i o n a l G a l l e r y o f A r t M a r k S p rouse m a r k. s p ro u s n a ra. go v D i re c t o r, Fa c i l i t y a n d P roperty M a n a g e m e n t D i v i s i o n N at i o n a l A rc h i v e s a n d R e c o rd s A d m i n i st ra t i o n N a n c y B e c h t ol B e c h t N s i. e d u D i re c t o r, S m i t h s o n i a n Fa c i l i t i e s

3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4 Federal Triangle Stormwater Drainage Study Greeley & Hansen ( ) Modeled Ponding and assessed range of sewer capacity improvement alternatives for 15-year, 50- year, 100-year and 200-year storms - Construct new sewer tunnel to the Main and O Street Pumping Station

5 Collections Space Framework Plan Central to the SI s mission and core activities Pan-Institutional Remove collections from vulnerable locations including flood-prone basements; provide robust building envelope, redundancies

6 The National Mall in the 19 th Century

7 Smithsonian Climate Change Adaptation Plan National Museum of African American History and Culture National Museum of American History National Museum of Natural History National Museum of the American Indian National Air and Space Museum Hirshhorn Museum & Sculpture Garden

8 Smithsonian Climate Change Adaptation Phase 1 Overview

9 Climate Change POST-FIRE FLOOD/DEBRIS WILDFIRE TORNADOES HURRICANES SEVERE DROUGHTS EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS SEA LEVEL RISE HEAT WAVES

10 Phase 1 Goals Phase 1 focused on: 1) Identifying flood vulnerabilities to properties on the National Mall and how these may evolve as a result of climate change 2) Creating a framework for evaluating, prioritizing and addressing climate changerelated flood risks that can be applied to other Smithsonian properties 3) Identifying data gaps where additional research and modeling are needed

11 Process Data Gathering Property Data Data Gathering Climate Change & Flood Modeling Data Identify characteristics contributing to property s Sensitivity, Exposure & Adaptive Capacity Define Flood Scenarios based on climate change projections & available flood modeling data Evaluate Potential Impact Vulnerable Critical Spaces Flood Protection & Response Operational Dependencies Assign Initial Vulnerability Rating

12 Interior Drainage Flooding Occurs when capacity of storm water infrastructure is exceeded by rainwater runoff. Constitution Avenue the northern border of our three institutions is highly susceptible Can occur suddenly The Potomac Park Levee System offers no protection against this type of flooding

13 Riverine Flooding A river flood occurs when water levels rise over the top of river banks due to excessive rain, combined rainfall and snowmelt, or an ice jam. Mall: Warnings and flood response protocols in place; longer response time. The Potomac Park Levee System can protect the Mall up to about a 500 year flood level if properly installed and maintained.

14 Tidal flooding occurs when there is an abnormal rise in water level preceding a storm, usually a hurricane, due to the combined effects of wind and low atmospheric pressure. Sea Level Rise will exacerbate this type of flooding. Coastal Flooding Longer warning times but much higher flood levels are associated with this type of flood The Potomac Park Levee System currently offers significant protection

15 Climate Change Variable Flood Type Mall Scenarios Increased frequency & intensity of localized precipitation events Increased frequency & intensity of regional precipitation events Sea level rise and storm surge Interior Drainage Threat Scenarios (200 yr, 6 hr): Limited response time Potomac Park Levee offers no protection Baseline: 8.2 ft. 2020s: 9 ft. 2080s: 11 ft. Riverine Threat Data Limitations Longer response time Potomac Park Levee System protects up to 0.5% flood Coastal Threat Scenarios (100yr event): Longer Response Time Potomac Park Levee System protects up to 0.5% flood Impact to groundwater conditions requires additional research Baseline: 100 year 2050: 100 year : 100 year + 4

16 Precipitation Frequency Increase Observed Changes in Number of Very Heavy Precipitation Events,

17 Precipitation Projections Projected Precipitation Intensity: 6 Hour Event 12 Inches of Rain Precipitation Frequency Series1 7% annual chance Series2 0.5% annual chance Future Projections Timeframe (representative concentration pathway 8.5)

18 Scenario 1 Timeframe: Current Event: 200 Year, 6 hour Storm, 6 total rainfall Flood Type: Interior drainage/flash Flood Limited Response Time 5 2 8

19 Precipitation Scenarios 5 2 8

20 Precipitation Scenarios 5 2 8

21 Vulnerability Ratings Minimal/ None Low Moderate High Very High Exposure LOW HIGH Sensitivity LOW HIGH Adaptive Capacity HIGH LOW Potential Impact MINOR CATASTROPHIC

22 Vulnerability Summary National Mall Summary Climate Change Variable Consequence Time Frame AIB Freer Hirshorn NASM NMAAHC NMAI NMAH NMNH Quad SIB Increased frequency & intensity of localized precipitation events Interior Drainage Flooding (Pluvial) Current 2020s 2080s Coast Storms & Sea Level Rise Storm Surge Flooding Current s 2050s 2100s Vulnerability Level Very High High Moderate Low Minimal

23 Jefferson Drive S.W. Lowest Elevation at Ramp Entrance 18.4ft (5.6 m) 7th Street S.W. Loading Ramp Stairway to Parking 17.3ft (5.3 m) Main Entrance Upper Plaza Level/Entranc e Floor Elevation 18.9ft (5.7 m) Stairway to Parking 15.4ft (4.7 m) Lowest Elevation at Ramp Entrance 8.5ft (2.6 m) Loading Ramp 4th Street S.W. Main Entrance Highest Elevation Area 22ft (6.7 m) Floor Levels: Below Grade NASM - BASEMENT LEVEL Space Categories Exhibits, Legend Collection & Archives : 2,030 sf Building Systems : 31,660 sf Security : 480 sf Independence Avenue S.W. Floor Levels: Above Grade Pedestrian Entrances Shop Space : 0 sf Lab : 0 sf Office/Workspace : 17,000 sf Assembly : 3,520 sf Spot Elevation Points Circulatio n Other Loadin gramp Loadin gram p

24 Vulnerability Summary - NASM Climate Change Variable Consequence Time Frame NASM Increased frequency & intensity of localized precipitation events Interior Drainage Flooding (Pluvial) Current 2020s 2080s Coast Storms & Sea Level Rise Storm Surge Flooding Current s 2050s 2100s

25 Cross-Cutting Challenges Loss of utility service (power, steam) Loss of public transportation service & roadway restrictions Additional stress on building & infrastructure systems resulting in accelerated deterioration and increasing the demand on limited maintenance resources. On-site ponding and runoff as the capacity of storm water drainage systems are exceeded Potential changes to groundwater levels and quality which could lead to subsidence or deterioration of below-grade systems

26 Climate Change Adaptation Plan Raise Awareness Internal Outreach Enhance Partnerships Coordinated Collaborations Climate Change Adaptation Plan Adapt Standards Processes Assessments Enhance Governance Policies Governance Structure Enhance Sustainability Enterprise Sustainability Planning

27 National Archives and Records Administration NARA Flood Prevention Mark Sprouse Director, Facilities and Personal Property Management Division Agency Chief Sustainability Officer

28 National Archives and Records Administration Archives I Flood (on June 26, 2006)

29 National Archives and Records Administration Archives I 700 Pennsylvania Ave. NW Washington, DC Building is approximately 980,000 SF; Construction started: 1931; Completed: Architect: John Russell Pope Pennsylvania Ave (North): Employee and Research side approximately 590K cu. ft. of primarily old military records (pre-ww1), Congressional records and Indian Affairs records Constitution Ave (South): Public Exhibits and Rotunda side. The Rotunda holds the Charters of Freedom, located in the center of the building and displays the original Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Bill of Rights and several rotating exhibits. Building includes 7 floors and 21 tiers of stack storage for archival records. Over 1 million visitors/year.

30 National Archives and Records Administration New theater under the Constitution Ave steps

31 National Archives and Records Administration First 2 rows of seats and stage underwater

32 National Archives and Records Administration Elevator and doors to Central Plant

33 National Archives and Records Administration West moat showing louvers

34 National Archives and Records Administration West moat Switchgear and PEPCO feed

35 National Archives and Records Administration Central Plant after pump out

36 National Archives and Records Administration Drywall cut away

37 National Archives and Records Administration Dry Air Equipment

38 National Archives and Records Administration Rotunda dry air

39 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction

40 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction on 7 th Street

41 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction on 7 th Street

42 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction on 7 th Street

43 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction on 7 th Street

44 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction on 7 th Street

45 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

46 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

47 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

48 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

49 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

50 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Wall Construction (Con t)

51 National Archives and Records Administration Cofferdam and door Construction

52 National Archives and Records Administration Switchgear Cofferdams Construction

53 National Archives and Records Administration Cofferdams with temporary caps

54 National Archives and Records Administration Cofferdams Completed

55 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Gate Test

56 National Archives and Records Administration Flood Gate Test

57 National Gallery of Art Flood Prevention Strategy Post June 2006 Flood David Samec, P.E., CFM Chief of Facilities

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59 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 1: Survey Elevations

60 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 2: Assess Areas of Highest Risk

61 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 3: What to Use? (circa 2006) Water-filled cofferdams Water-absorbing gel bags

62 Step 4: Disseminate the Plan

63 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 5: Caches and Pre-Positioning

64 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 5: Caches and Pre-Positioning

65 NGA Flood Prevention Strategy Step 6: Deployment of Aqua Dam

66 Aqua Dam Increased Facility Entrance Elevations as Required for a Flood Event

67 Lessons Learned Aqua Dams and Gel Bags do work Planning and Rehearsal are necessary Do not wait for an event to happen There may be other alternatives since 2006 that are feasible, easier, and less expensive to use

68 Continuous Improvements Modular Flood Barriers

69 Modular Flood Barriers Used by DC Metro 9 th Street and Constitution Ave.

70 Continuous Improvements Storm-water Detention Systems

71 Continuous Improvements Raising Curbing Wall Heights

72 Continuous Improvements New Construction Waterproofing

73 Final Lessons Learned Don t think it will not happen where you are Don t become complacent once you have done something continuously improve

74 Questions? David Samec Chief of Facilities. National Gallery of Art Mark Sprouse Director, Facility and Property Management Division National Archives and Records Administration Nancy Bechtol Director, Smithsonian Facilities

75 Thank You Please don t forget to complete your evaluation in guidebook.