ALGERIAN METEOROLOGY SERVICE ( ONM ) DAR-EL-BEIDA ALGIERS ALGERIA POBOx 153. Fax : GAW PROGRAM IN ALGERIA

Transcription

1 ALGERIAN METEOROLOGY SERVICE ( ONM ) DAR-EL-BEIDA ALGIERS ALGERIA POBOx 153 Phone : Fax : GAW PROGRAM IN ALGERIA TAMANRASSET POBOx 31 Phone/fax :

2 ALGERIA Region of Tamanrasset

3 TAMANRASSET AND ASSEKREM / ALGERIA ARE SELECTED IN THE GAW PROGRAM FOR THE NEXT REASONS: - HIGH ALTITUDE : 1377 m and 2710 m - ABSENCE OF HUMAN AND INDUSTRIALS ACTIVITIES - ASSEKREM IS LOCATED IN THE FREE TROPOSHERE PROGRAM OF MEASURES TAMANRASSET TURBIDITY, TOTAL OZONE, RADIATION, AOD ASSEKREM SURFACE OZONE, AEROSOLS, SAMPLING GAS ( GHG ), MONOXIDE CARBONE

4 TAMANRASSET ASSEKREM North North East East 1377 M 2710 m

5 Daily variation of turbidity at 500 nm Turbidity in 1/ days of years : from 1/1/95 to 31/12/12 THE TURBIDITY IS VERY LOW IN ( NOV-MARS ), it can reaches minimum values less than 0.050, AND VERY HIGH VALUES FROM APRIL TO SEPTEMBER : VERY HAZY with values more than 1.000

6 Measure MEASURE of OF total TOTAL ozone OZONE at Tamanrasset AT TAMANRASSET by SPECTROPHOTOMETER DOBSON 11

7 DAILY VARIATION OF TOTAL OZONE O z o n e in D.U Days of years : from january 95 to 31 december 2011 The total ozone is measured regulary by Spectrophotometer DOBSON 11 since april 1994.The values varies between 220 DU to 315 DU without any trend.

8 BREWER 201 INSTALLED AT TAMANRASSET SINCE OCTOBER 2011 BY STAFF IZANA( SPANISH)

9 All measures of Total ozone by Brewer from : 01 november 2011 to 31 august 2012

10 daily variation of total ozone measured by Brewer and Dobson from 01 novembre 2011 to 30 june 2012 The values of Brewer are higher than Dobson about 5 D.U in average

11 MEASURE OF RADIATION - SOLAR RADIATION ( 0.28 µm 4 µm ) Measure of Downward flux Since September 1994 Direct, Global, Diffuse, RG8 (>=0.69 µm) - ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION ( Long Wave ) : 4 µm -100 µm Measure of Downward flux Since Mars Calibration of Instruments : PSP NIP IN SITU WITH AHF REFERENCE

12 MEASURE OF RADIATION AT TAMANRASSET

13 DAILY TOTAL OF GLOBAL ( MJ/m2) MJ/m DATE: from 01/1/1995 to 31/12/2012 DAILY TOTAL OF ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION ( long wave) Mj/m Date : from 1/1/2001 to 31 /12/2012

14 The Solar Global is maximum in Summer period, with the angle solar Global = Direct*sin (h) +diffuse The low values of direct (cloud ) are compensated by solar elevation and diffuse in summer period. The diffuse are very low in winter period because of clear sky and visibility. In summer period, the diffuse is more important with cover sky and haze. The fraction Diffuse/Global is about 40 % in summer and 25 % in winter. The Global received at surface is % the Extra- Terrestrial Radiation (ETR) on surface horizontal.

15 MEASURE OF Aerosol Optical Depth ( AOD) Since October 2006, in collaboration with Spanish Meteorology ( INM) and GAW station of IZANA ( Canaries) Installation of a Cimel Photometer at Tamanrasset for measure of AOD ( AERONET Project). Measure of AOD in 07 longwaves: 1020 nm, 870, 675, 500, 440, 380, 340 nm.

16 PHOTOMETER CIMEL INSTALLED AT TAMANRASSET SINCE OCTOBER 2006 PHOTOMETER CIMEL AT TAMANRASSET SINCE october 2006

17 Daily Variation of AOD AOD ( 500 nm) date : 1/1/07 to 31/12/08 The AOD is minimum in winter period and very high in summer period

18 ASSEKREM N E (2710 m a.s.l.) Building established by O.N.M. under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization with financial support by the World Bank (Global Environment Facility) in Meteorological observations since Weekly flask sampling of greenhouse and other gases since Continuous ozone and aerosol observations since For aerosol, no measure since june 2004 ( failure of TEOM) Continuous carbon monoxide observations since 2006.

19 EQUIPMENTS & INSTRUMENTS IN ASSEKREM Air Sampling Teco 49c Horiba LPC

20 Surface Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Mole Fraction (ppb) Surface Ozone (in-situ, daily aggregates) Carbon Monoxide (in-situ, daily aggregates) Carbon Monoxide (flask, event data) Date

21 SAMPLING GAS AT ASSEKREM

22 SAMPLING GAS AT ASSEKREM is done each week since september 1994.The sampling are sent to Boulder for analysis of gas of CO2,CH4,CO,H2,N2O,SF6

23 variation of CO2 at Assekrem y = x R 2 = co2 in ppm days: from jan 1996 to dec 2011

24 Variation of CO2, CH4,N2O, SF6 at Assekrem Date SF6 (ppt) N2O (ppb) CH4 (ppb) CO2 (ppm)

25 Aerosols Atmospheric aerosols are important for a diverse range of issues including global climate change, acidification, regional and local scale air quality, and human health. The climate impact of aerosols is a result of both direct radiative effects and indirect effects on cloud properties. Regional problems include potential impacts on human health and mortality and environmental impact such as visibility impairment. In the Hoggar (Tamanrasset), this measure is more important because the region is near major source of dust in Sahara central. In Summer period, the frequence of dust event is very important and the concentration of aerosols are most high.

26 TWINING WITH LABORATORIES - With EMPA ( SWISS) for Surface ozone and monoxide carbone. Installation of instrument, analysis data and calibration. Spare parts. - With GAW station Izana ( Spanish) for : *AERONET project ( measure of AOD ), installation, calibration and spare parts. *Installation of Brewer at Tamanrasset *Installation of NILU at Assekrem - ESRL/Boulder for Radiation and Dobson ( total ozone).

27 Conclusions The station is important for its remote location, being situated in an important source region for mineral dust (Central Sahara) that affects global aerosol distribution, human health and the economy. The observations of tropospheric trace gases indicate that even a site as remote as Assekrem is affected by anthropogenic pollution (see rising SF 6 and seasonally elevated CO) and very well suited for the observation of other relevant greenhouse gases (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O) and reactive gases (O 3 ) affecting climate change and human health. The Global GAW site Assekrem has been operational since 1997, contributing significantly to the global Earth observation system (GEOSS). It is important that observatories like Assekrem are strengthened by the international community and sufficiently funded to ensure longterm operation in support of political decision making for the benefit of humans and the biosphere at large.