Greenhouse gas observations and analysis in the WMO/GAW Programme

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1 WMO World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water Greenhouse gas observations and analysis in the WMO/GAW Programme Oksana Tarasova - WMO; Research Department

2 Relevance of GAW observations to climate 2

3 Long records of Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Methane (CH 4 ), and Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) concentrations all show sharp increases Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide Measurements before about 1960 are mostly from bubbles trapped in glacial ice. After that, WMO- coordinated instrumental observations abound. 3

4 What is GAW? GAW focuses on global networks for GHGs, ozone, UV, aerosols, selected reactive gases, and precipitation chemistry. GAW is a partnership involving contributors from 80 countries. GAW is coordinated by the Research Department of WMO under the purview of WMO Commission for Atmospheric Science (CAS) Currently GAW coordinates activities and data from 28 Global stations, more than 400 Regional stations, and about 100 Contributing stations ( 4

5 WMO Strategic issues The Sixteenth World Meteorological Congress (16 May - 3 June 2011) recognized the leading of the GAW Programme in the global greenhouse gas observations. Side event on Greenhouse Gas observations and analysis during the Congress was very well attended. Addendum to the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Strategic Plan: , containing the updated tasks for the time period

6 GAW Global CO 2 & CH 4 Monitoring Network Components 6

7 Need for quality control Detect small trends (through DQO) Detect small spatial gradients Ensure long-term stability of observations Data comparability (on the same scale) 7

8 The WMO/GAW global network for carbon dioxide The network for methane is similar to this. Fifty countries contributed CO 2 data to the GAW WDCGG. Approximately 50% of the measurement records are obtained at sites in the NOAA ESRL cooperative air sampling network. 8

9 Regional and Contributing Networks 3 rd Asian GAW Workshop on Greenhouse Gases September, Seoul, Republic of Korea Jointly hosted by KMA and KRISS Networks collaborating with GAW: NOAA AGAGE TCCON National networks are encouraged to collaborate with the programme (as a contributing network). 9

10 DQOs for GHG Component troposphere CO 2 Compatibility goal range in the unpolluted ± 0.1 ppm (± 0.05 ppm in the southern hemisphere) ppm δ 13 C-CO 2 ± vs. VPDB δ 18 O-CO 2 ± vs. VPDB 14 C-CO 2 ± O 2 /N 2 ± 2 per meg per meg CH 4 CO N 2 O H 2 ± 2 ppb ppb ± 2 ppb ppb ± 0.1 ppb ppb ± 2 ppb ppb SF 6 ± 0.02 ppt 5 9 ppt 10

11 Collaboration with GCOS October 2005 GCOS-GAW Agreement recognizing: WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric CO 2 & CH 4 Monitoring Network as Comprehensive Networks of GCOS September 2011 Amendment to the GCOS-GAW Agreement: Subset of WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric CO 2 & CH 4 Monitoring Network as a Baseline Network of GCOS and Agreement recognizing: WMO/GAW Global Atmospheric N 2 O Monitoring Network as Baseline and Comprehensive Networks of GCOS 11

12 Conceptual framework of the GAW QA/QC 12

13 Central Facilities Five types of central facilities: Central Calibration Laboratories (CCLs) Quality Assurance/Science Activity Centres (QA/SACs) World Calibration Centres (WCCs) Regional Calibration Centres (RCCs) World Data Centres (WDCs) 13

14 Central Facilities Variable QA/SAC CCL WCC RCC WDC CO 2 JMA (A/O) ESRL ESRL (round robin) JMA Empa (audits) CO 2 isotopes MPI-BGC JMA CH 4 Empa (Am, E/A) ESRL Empa (Am, E/A) JMA JMA (A/O) JMA (A/O) N 2 O UBA ESRL IMK-IFU JMA CFCs, HCFCs, JMA HFCs SF 6 ESRL KMA proposal JMA H 2 MPI-BGC JMA 14

15 BIPM-GAW joint activities The WMO- BIPM workshop on Measurement: Challenges for Global Observation Systems for Climate Change Monitoring: Traceability, Stability and Uncertainty 30 March to 1 April 2010 Designation by WMO of Laboratories under CIPM MRA (19 April 2010) o o o Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Centre (PMOD/WRC): for solar irradiance; Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA): for surface ozone; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL): for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride and carbon monoxide 15

16 Collaboration with BIPM Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM), Gas Analysis Working Group (GAWG) hold its annual meeting in NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA on 27 September 2011 The following key comparisons (GAW CCL/WCCs participate in these comparisons) were proposed: CCQM-K82 (Methane in air at ambient level) CCQM-K83 (Halocarbons in air at ambient levels) CCQM-K84 (Ambient CO) BIPM.QM-K1 (Ozone) 16

17 WMO Training The GAW Training and Education Centre, GAWTEC, hosted by Germany, gives two two-week courses annually for station personnel. In the 20 courses held since 2001, 227 were trained on atmospheric chemical and related physical observations. 18 October 2011 official celebration of 10 th Anniversary of GAWTEC 17

18 World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases 18

19 Annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletins Bulletin 1 (March 2006) CO 2 global distribution Bulletin 2 (November 2006) CH 4 global distribution Bulletin 3 (November 2007) NOAA's CarbonTracker model Bulletin 4 (November 2008) Montreal Protocol Bulletin 5 (November 2009) Importance of CO 2 Bulletin 6 (November 2010) Methane in high latitudes 19

20 Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 7 Role of N 2 O 20

21 Biennial WMO/IAEA Meeting of Experts on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, and Related Tracer Measurement Techniques

22 WMO THANK YOU 22