Ballast: Any solid or liquid used to change the Draft or Trim, to regulate stability, or maintain stress loads.

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1 Ballast Water: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly gy OR Don t throw the Baby out with the Ballast Water

2 Why does maritime transportation exist? To move goods, materials, and people to address the demands of society and more specifically, individuals id like YOU and ME. Gain access to things we want or believe we need Reduce the cost of commodities & goods Keep OUR products competitive in a Global Market

3 Why is ballast water used, and what issues do we need to consider? 1. How modern ships work. 1. The economic impact of shipping. 1. Unintended consequences of our choices. 2. Structure of International Maritime Law, and why is change so slow.

4 Ballast Water and Shipping Canoes and other tippy things. Ballast VS Cargo Steam Engines & Steel Ships Profit is a function of volume, speed & efficiency

5 Ballast Volumes: Seaway Ship 12,000 m 3 3,170,000, gal VLCC (Ocean Tanker) 200,000+ m 3 52,840,000 gal Rate of Exchange/Pump 5,000 m 3 /hr 1,321,000 gal/hr 22,000gal/min Great Lakes 1000-FOOTER Ballast volume 60,000 m 3 12,000 m 3 /hr (four pumps) Ballast: Any solid or liquid used to change the Draft or Trim, to regulate stability, or maintain stress loads. [Ballast volumes and distribution are different for different kinds of ships]

6 YES: Big Boats can (and do) roll over or break apart! Transverse Stability * Stiff *Easy *Tender Longitudinal Stability ty (stress/trim) * Hogging *Sagging

7 Some basic terms: No cargo: Ship in ballast Partial cargo: Ship with ballast Fully loaded: Ship NOBOB,, or No Ballast on Board

8 Ships exchanging g ballast

9 The Economic Impact of Maritime Transportation Reality: We live in a Global Market Maritime impact on US: $2 Trillion per year $2,000,000,000, [$1 out of every $5 in the US economy] Like the Banks say: may be major penalties for early withdrawal!

10 FACTS: Maritime trade handles 95% of all goods coming into and leaving the united states. Maritime transportation has decreased costs per tonne moved my more than 50% in the last thirty years. We spend 7.5% of GDP on Education. We spend 10.5% of GDP on Transportation. U.S. Transportation is at a critical stage with growth projected to quadruple by 2025 As fuel costs rise, water transport is more favorable

11 QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. A view of the Great Lakes Transportation Corridor

12 Unintended Consequences Along with economic opportunity, shipping i brought something else along.

13 Some options for a free ride

14 Another look at potential problem areas

15 Invasive Species 1992 Ballast Voluntary Exchange Now Mandatory!

16 Invasions of Exotic Species is No Small Matter! Resources have been made available for testing, but the work has just begun. Control costs for zebra mussels alone is estimated at Billions of dollars. It is not just a U.S. problem (comb jelly in Black Sea) This is a WORLD WIDE PROBLEM AND CONCERN!

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18 No Room at the Intake

19 The Response Once identified, carriers adopted the ballast water management strategies known as the swish and spit and it is now mandatory practice in Canada (but not the US), but this is not a solution. Numerous strategies are being explored by the shipping industry and academic institutions world wide. Federal and State Legislation has been passed or is pending (but not well coordinated).

20 QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. New Treatment Protocols are being explored

21 QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

22 Ballast issues are of international concern and effect both fresh and salt water systems. An answer can be found if we have the will and make the investment. New filtering systems Chemical treatment Mechanical processing Risk based load identification (Black Sea area) New ship designs Incentives and disincentives for compliance

23 What is happening today? There is a multi-billion dollar market: today there are over 70 ballast treatment projects underway worldwide. The problem must be addressed and time is of the essence! The marketplace and shipping industry need academics and governments working together to solve this universal problem.

24 What we don t hearabout about. The U.S. is facing an upheaval in transportation pressures : 20% increase in the next five years. Many ports, rail systems, and roadways are already at capacity or beyond. No national transportation policy that can balance investments VS environmental impacts. Much of the current subsidization in transportation is hidden. What investment is in the interest of the public good?

25 International Maritime Law Safety Of Life At Sea International Maritime Organization CrewandShipSafety Safety Flag State (country of registry) Port State (country receiving goods) Oil Spills and Environmental Accidents Ballast Water Management and Treatment International Maritime Commerce in the US is governed by Federal Mandate & International Treaty

26 Avoid an overly simplistic approach to a multifaceted and highly complex series of issues. Make every problem as simple as it can be BUT NO SIMPLER. Albert Einstein

27 QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

28 QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

29 GLC Modal Shift Findings Shifting 24.7 Million tons of cargo from vessel to rail would consume an additional 14 million gallons of fuel (4,321 tons of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen). Using trucks, to shift just 1 Million tons of cargo would increase fuel consumption by 3.4 million gallons of fuel (570 tons of air pollution).

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31 We are not alone. The European Union has already recognized the important role transportation issues have on our economy, quality of life, social structures, safety, and on our environment. The EU has produced an important planning document titled European Transport Policy for Can we afford to do less?

32 A Balanced View There is clear data that there are great advantages to a well-managed, coordinated use of Maritime Transportation within an integrated multimodal transportation network. We need to understand the broad implications and total impacts of our transportation choices to optimize our resources and provide citizens with the social, environmental and economic opportunity they need to participate in the global marketplace.

33 The Good News The necessary data collection, evaluation, and planning has begun at many levels. Disparate groups are coming together th in new configurations to build a case in Washington for appropriate resource allocation. YOU have an important role to play, and there are many resources to help you find the information you need to make informed decisions.

34 What can I do? Become Informed: educate yourself and others Read, question, and share accurate information Look for ways to foster and coordinate industry, academic and governmental efforts Request resources be made available to address the problem Take responsibility: participate Know the complexity of the issues Look for new partnerships: interdisciplinary team approach Be creative and offer your input and suggestions