MARE X MED. POSEIDONE project Under the auspicies of MATTM. Development of a wave energy converter for Mediterranean operation

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1 POSEIDONE project Under the auspicies of MATTM Development of a wave energy converter for Mediterranean operation M. Bassetti, A. Corsini, G. Delibra, F. Rispoli, E. Tuccimei, P. Venturini CRAS Sapienza G. Faggiolati, S. Piccinini, G. Romani, M. Ruggeri F. Arena, P. Boccotti, S. Meduri, A. Romolo MARE X MED

2 Outline Motivations and aims Description of the POSEIDONE project Caisson concept and performance Wells turbine design REWEC-TW transient modeling and performance forecast REWEC-TW test-rig & experimental validation campaigns

3 Motivations (i), why Ocean Energy WEC 1996 estimate world wide energy potential of TWh/yr comparable to 10% of the world energy demand on 2002 Source: based on Claesson, (1987) wave energy features high specific power with the energy density in the range 20 to 70 kw/m for the best sea climates more uniform day-time availability when compared to the solar radiation peaks

4 Motivations (i), why Ocean Energy Sea state data. Hs e Tm annual distribution T m = 4. 18s H s = 0. 73m Data: Direction (Dir) Wave height (Hs) Wave period (Tm) ASME-ATI-UIT 2010 summer period Source: APAT, data.

5 Motivations (ii), why Ocean Energy in Mediterranean sea Corsini A., et al Space-Time Mapping Of Wave Energy Conversion Potential In Mediterranean Sea States. ASME-ATI- UIT 2010

6 Motivations (iii), why Ocean Energy in Mediterranean sea Corsini A., et al Space-Time Mapping Of Wave Energy Conversion Potential In Mediterranean Sea States. ASME-ATI- UIT 2010

7 State-of-the-art class of wave energy converters State-of-the-art OWC chamber standard OWC chamber features small period of oscillation difficult resonance in case of near-shore waves reduced structural resistence owing to the geometrical configuration State-of-the-art Wells turbine, mono-plane self-rectifying turbine narrow operating margin designed for ocean conditions above 30 kw/m opening in OWC attenuates energy conversion from small period waves

8 POSEIDONE project New class of wave energy converters (i) This programme of research aims at the definition of a technology standard for on-shore WEC suited for Mediterranean sea states and port breakwater caisson integration in a view to develop the first Italian full-scale prototype and a open-ocean NOEL Lab in Reggio Calabria The proposed WEC defines a RES for µ-power generation (1-100 kwe) The WEC is based on the combination an innovative resonant caisson (U-OWC or REWEC3) designed by P. Boccotti and industrialized by WavEnergy.it s.r.l. (pat. n ) Boccotti P., Part I: Theory. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp Boccotti P., Filianoti P, Fiamma V, Arena F Part II: A small-scale field experiment. Ocean Engineering. vol. 34, pp Wells turbine concept tailored to cope with low-energy wave conditions

9 New class of wave energy converters (ii), turbine Design challenges for Mediterranean applications optimization of low flow rate stall resistent turbine compact unit at high rotational speed extension of duty time experiments Setoguchi T. Santhakumar S. Takao M. Kim T.H. Kaneko K A modified Wells turbine for wave energy conversion Renewable Energy

10 New class of wave energy converters (iii), turbine Torque coefficient Design challenges for Mediterranean applications optimization of low flow rate stall resistent turbine compact unit at high rotational speed extension of duty time Efficiency 3600 rpm 3000 rpm

11 New class of wave energy converters (iv), turbine Design challenges for Mediterranean applications optimization of low flow rate stall resistent turbine compact unit at high rotational speed extension of duty time NACA0015 NACA0020

12 REsonant Wave Energy Converter Università Mediterranea RC, Wavenergy.it REWEC (Resonant Wave Energy Converter), known also as U-OWC or J-OWC (Oscillating Water Column with a U/J duct) is a caisson breakwater to protect a port and to convert wave energy into electrical power. example of REWEC breakwater a vertical duct (1) that is connected both to the sea through an upper opening (2), and to an inner room (3) through a lower opening (4). This inner room contains a water mass (3a) in its lower part and an air pocket (3b) in its upper part. An air-duct (5), which connects the air pocket (3b) to the atmosphere, contains a Wells turbine (6). Waves produce a pressure fluctuation at the outer opening (2), water oscillates up and down in the duct (1), and the air pocket alternately is compressed and expanded. Then, an alternate air flow is obtained in the air duct, which drives the turbine (6).

13 REsonant Wave Energy Converter Main features The plant is able to convert up to the 100% of the energy of swells (low frequency waves) into the energy of a water column, then to wire (P. Boccotti) The propagation speed of the wave energy reflected by an U-OWC can approach zero. Validation carried NOEL (Natural Ocean Engineering Laboratory 16 m long U-OWC was built on 2 m water depth Ocean Engineering (Vol. 34, Issues 5-6, 2007) Main innovations super-amplification of swells is not dangerous for the stability of the caisson: wind waves of severe sea storms remain, by far, more critical for the stability; POSEIDONE Project an U-OWC reduces the height of reflected wind waves, being able to absorb a great share of the energy of wind waves (even if not the 100% in this case); U-OWC candidates itself as the power plants being able to produce electrical power from a renewable source with the greatest continuity

14 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Design data requirements Aerodynamic design process Target peak turbine power 2 kw Blade profile: NACA 0015 Configuration: Monoplane Solidity check Caisson hydrodynamic interface Torque & power Self-starting Outer diameter: Rotational frequency: 0.5 m 3000 to rpm Hub design CFD-aided IGV-OGV design Bulk velocity (design): 9.1 m/s DIMA-Sapienza

15 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Sensitivity to solidity Solidità palare (σ) 0.64/0.5 Numero di pale (z) 3/4/7/8/9

16 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Sensitivity to solidity Hub to tip ratio ( ) 0.75/0.5

17 Rotor configuration & performance DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine s hub c z L (m) T (N m) P aer (W) P mecc (W) η BEM simulation BEM simulation BEM simulation BEM simulation

18 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Self-starting s hub c z L (m) T (N m) P aer (W) P mecc (W) η BEM simulation BEM simulation BEM simulation BEM simulation

19 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine, CFD based design of IGV-OGV nodes cells Average aspect ratio 1.23 Max aspect ratio 15 Min aspect ratio 1 Wall distance Inflow velocity radial profile

20 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine, CFD based design of IGV-OGV

21 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine CFD based design of IGV-OGV A. Corsini, OWEMES2012, Rome, Italy, Sept 2012

22 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine CFD based design of IGV-OGV performance DIMAFP-TW1.5 CFD rotor only DIMAFP-TW1.5 design DIMAFP-TW1.5 field data (NOEL Lab) Q [m 3 /s] p [Pa] Cm [Nm] P [W]

23 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine CFD based design of IGV-OGV performance

24 POSEIDONE Project Pressure in the REWEC chamber (Pa) DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Transient performance simulation ,000 50, , , , , , , Data NOEL Reggio Calabria typical winter sea state, Arena et al. (2011)

25 Transient modelling of WEC (Corsini. Rispoli and Pesci, OWEMES 2006) POSEIDONE Project DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Transient performance simulation The wave power behaviour analysis was performed in a time-dependent fashion TRNSYS 15 with IISiBat3 software Wave climate REWEC chamber H s. T m. h P w Electric grid Electric load data 0,01 0,008 0,006 DIMA-FP TW pressure-power curve P D Wells turbine RES power system P OWC Control system 0,004 0,002 Aux gen-set Conventional power system 0-0, ,05 0,1 0,15 0,2

26 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Transient performance simulation time (s) 120, , , , , , ,000 2,5000 2,0000 1,5000 (kw) 1,0000 0,5000 0,0000

27 2,5000 DIMA-FP TW1.5 turbine Transient performance simulation 2,0000 1,5000 p (kw) 1,0000 0,5000 0,0000-0, % time

28 raddrizzatore Il test rigposeidone inverter e chopper di frenatura anemometro e manometro ventilatore centrifugo

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30 Le curve caratteristiche guide vanes

31 Le misure acustiche Sono state condotte misure a regime stazionario in mandata per il rotore isolato regime di rotazione: n = 2500 rpm 4 portate: Q 1 = 1000 Nm 3 /h, Q 2 = 2000 Nm 3 /h, Q 3 = 3000 Nm 3 /h, Q 4 = 4000 Nm 3 /h (stallo) 4 posizioni per il microfono: A, B, C, D setup misure acustiche

32 Confronto dei livelli di pressione sonora al variare della portata I livelli di pressione sonora crescono con la portata a tutte le frequenze

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34 POSEIDONE consortium An integrated procedure for the design of a wave energy converter developed for Mediterranean operation CRAS Sapienza