Overview of policy interventions for GHG mitigation in transport

Transcription

1 Overview of policy interventions for GHG mitigation in transport UNECE International Expert Meeting on the Assessment of CO2 emissions in Transport Geneva Switzerland - 24th April 2012 Ko Sakamoto Transport Economist Asian Development Bank The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

2 ADB s Sustainable Transport Initiative Adopted in 2010, ADB s changing response to developing member countries needs Aligned with ADB s Strategy 2020 Four focus areas: Scaling-up urban transport Mainstreaming climate change Improving cross-border transport and logistics Supporting road safety and social sustainability

3 Diversifying our transport portfolio 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Actual Pipeline STI Target Urban Transport Air Water Rail Road In the first year of STI-OP, support for urban transport rose to 12% (from 7%) and the rail subsector rose to 16% from (2%).

4 Low carbon projects in the pipeline BRT in Lanzhou, Yichang, Jiangxi Ji an, Pimpri, Ulaanbaatar, Dhaka Metros in Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Tbilisi, Astana Integrated urban transport in Kathmandu, Dhaka, Davao, Vientiane, Xian, Yerevan

5 New knowledge being developed Carbon Footprinting Methodologies Sustainable Transport Economic Appraisal Transport Data Initiative and much more! Innovative market mechanisms

6 Avoid-Shift-Improve: A growing consensus Avoid the need to travel Shift towards/maintain share of sustainable modes Improve efficiency of all modes accessible, safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable transport Modified from Dalkmann and Brannigan, 2007

7 NAMA Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action Often referred to as Co-benefits Reduces poverty Reduces traffic accidents Reduces air pollution Relieves congestion Supports competitiveness Reduces GHGs from the baseline. In a measurable way MRV

8 Types Policies to enact ASI Based on Dalkmann and Brannigan (2007) and others REGULATORY PLANNING ECONOMIC INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL LOCAL Level of governance NATIONAL AVOID SHIFT IMPROVE

9 Policies to enact ASI Some initial caveats Not always a clean cut between categories/types The appropriate mix of policies depends on the context A lot of work done to date by various partners Following is a generic list

10 Local National Roles of different levels of government Avoid / Shift Improve Policies that affect long distance travel (national transport network planning, multimodal integration) Programs to induce changes at local level (national transport funds etc) Policies that affect fuels and vehicles Policies that affect local travel (parking, tools, local public transport, infrastructure for NMT etc) Supportive measures (ecodriving incentives etc).

11 Policies for Avoid at local level Zoning regulations and mixed land use planning Parking management Road user charging Car ownership quotas Car-free city areas and traffic restrictions Freight consolidation centers

12 Policies for Avoid at national level Guidelines/regulations on land use planning Promotion of distance-based car insurance schemes Promotion of ICT to substitute physical travel

13 Policies for Shift at local level Develop integrated local public transport authorities Marketing and coordinated information provision Priority allocation of roadspace for PT and NMT Workplace / school travel plans

14 Policies for Shift at national level Development of national rail/inland waterway networks National funds for investments in local PT and NMT infrastructure Example: India s JNNURM

15 Policies for Improve at local level Low emission zones Speed limits Promotion of eco-driving Procurement of LCVs

16 Policies for Improve at national level Vehicle taxes aligned to CO2 + labelling Fuel economy/emission standards Taxation of fuel and removal of subsidies Provision of infrastructure for LCVs Green freight programs, e.g. smartways

17 Importance of packaging Source: Hickman, in ADB and GIZ (2011)

18 Enabling conditions Public investments/ projects Private investments/ projects Consumer behavior Sound policies Political will Institutions and capacity Sound evidence/ knowledge

19 Conclusions A wealth of policies exist to enact the ASI principles Policies required at both local and national level Interactions, packaging and pathways need to be thought through Catalyze the power of the private sector

20 Thank you! Save the date: ADB Transport Forum Ko Sakamoto Manila, Philippines 5-10 November 2012