Trademarks. Appendix I. A number of alloys discussed in this publication are marketed under trademarks.

Transcription

1 Appendix I Trademarks A number of alloys discussed in this publication are marketed under trademarks. Trademark Alumel AM 350 AM 355 Chromel Duranickel Hastelloy HNM Illium Incoloy Inconel Invar Iso-Elastic Mar-M200 MAR-M246 Monel Nimonic Ni-Span C Ni-Span Hi Permanickel Rene 41 PHI5-7Mo 17-4PH Owner Hoskins Manufacturing Company Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation Hoskins Manufacturing Company The International Nickel Company, Inc Union Carbide Corporation Carpenter Steel Company Stainless Foundry and Engineering, Inc. Soc. Anon. de Commentry-Fourchambault et Decaziville (Acieries d'imphy) John Chatillon & Sons The Martin Company The Martin Company Allvac Metals Corporation (Division of Teledyne) 221

2 222 Appendix I 17-7PH 17-lOP 17-14CuMo Stainless W Udimet 500 Waspaloy United States Steel Corporation Special Metals Corporation United Aircraft Corporation

3 Appendix II Conversion Factors and Symbols The use of the International System of Units (SI), a modernized version of the metric system, is being advocated both in the United States and abroad. Although use of the system is just starting in the United States, some of the new units are appearing, particularly in European publications, and therefore units most applicable to this book are included in the conversion factors which follow. A full discussion of the SI system can be found in "Metric Practice Guide," Designation E 380, ASTM Standards, Part 30 or in ASTM Metric Practice Guide, Handbook 102, National Bureau of Standards, which is available from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. For readers of this publication, the principal change from the more familiar cgs system is the use of the newton as a unit of force, replacing the kilogram (force). In the SI system, for example, the tensile strength is expressed in meganewtons per square meter, MNjm2. In addition, temperatures are expressed in degrees Kelvin rather than in degrees Celsius (formerly centigrade). The Kelvin and Celsius temperature intervals are identical and a Kelvin temperature can be obtained by adding to the Celsius temperature. Multiply Specific heat BtujlbtF Thermal conductivity Btujhrjft2tFjft Btujhrjft2tFjft Btujhrjft2tFjft Conversion Factors by caljgtk to obtain caljsecjcm 2 tkjcm wattsjcmtk wattsjmtk*

4 224 Appendix II Thermal expansion Coefficient per of 1.8 coefficienwk Electrical resistivity ohms/cir mil ft microhm-cm Density Ib/in. 3 Stress units ksi ksi Temperature Conversion Fahrenheit to Kelvin Fahrenheit to Celsius Symbols MN/mZ* kgf/mm2t IK = (IF )/1.8 te = (tf - 32)/1.8 The following symbols have been used in the graphs: Ann. C.D. C.W. E H.R. Mod E ModR RofA T.S. Y.S. Y.S.O.2% Y.S.O.5% Annealed Cold drawn Cold worked Elongation Hot rolled Modulus of elasticity Modulus of rigidity Reduction of area Tensile strength Yield strength (unspecified) Yield strength (0.2 % offset) Yield strength (0.5 % extension under load) * SI unit. t SI unit. To distinguish between mass and force or load, the former is designated kg (for example) and the latter kgf in the SI system.

5 A-286 see Stainless steels Age-hardenable alloys 34, 44, 49, 61, 68, 71,82,112,143,183,185,197,203 AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 32, 129 Alloy Casting Institute 71,151 Alloy 713C see Nickel-base superalloys Alnico see Magnetic materials Alumel see Thermocouple alloys AM 350 see Stainless steels AM 355 see Stainless steels ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) 14, 222 Berylco nickel 440 see Beryllium-nickel alloys. Beryllium-copper-nickel see Copper-nickel alloy CA 966 Beryllium-nickel alloys 203, 211 Beryllium-nickel alloys (specific types) Berylco Nickel , 204, 205, ,210, 21l 220C 212,2l3 260C 212,213 Boiling point 10 Chromel P see Thermocouple alloys Coefficient of thermal expansion 10, 26, 28, 34, 45, 47, 54, 56, 60, 72, 74, 86, 95, 102, 113, 116, 124, 126, 132, 145, 154, 162, 172, 177, 187, 194,200,204,212,214,218 Coercive force 194, 200 Conductivity see Electrical conductivity, Thermal conductivity Constantan see Thermocouple alloys 225 Controlled-expansion alloys High expansion 183 Low expansion 175 Controlled-expansion alloys (specific types) 36% Ni-BaI. Fe 177,179,180,181, % Ni-BaI. Fe 177, % Ni-BaI. Fe 177, 179 Ni-Span Hi 183, 184 Constant-modulus alloys 185 Constant-modulus alloys (specific types) Elinvar 185, 186 Iso-Elastic 185, 186, 188, 189, 190 Ni-Span C 185,186,188,189,190,191 Conversion factors 222 Copper-base nickel alloys see Coppernickel alloys, Nickel silvers Copper Development Association 100, 112, 114 Copper-nickel alloys Cast III Wrought 100 Copper-nickel alloys (specific types) CA ,102,103,105,108,111 CA ,102, 103, 105 CA , 102, 103, 105, 106, 110 CA , 114 CA , 114 CA , \14 CA , \14 Copper-Nickel, 10% 105, 109; see also CA 706 Copper-Nickel,20% 105,110, Ill; see also CA 710 Copper-Nickel,30% 104,105,106,107, 108, 110, 111; see also CA Copper-Nickel see CA 962

6 226 Copper-nickel alloys (cont.) Copper-Nickel 114; see also CA 964 Copper-nickel-zinc alloys see Nickel silvers Creep properties 20, 41, 66, 77, 121, 139, 148, 155, 182 Cunico see Magnetic materials Cunife see Magnetic materials Curie temperature 10, 34, 60, 74, 177, 194, 204 Density 10, 28, 34, 45, 47, 54, 56, 60, 72, 74, 86,95, 102, 113, 116, 124, 132, 145, 154, 162, 172, 177, 187,- 194, 200,204,212,214, 218 Duranickel alloy , 204, 205, 206, 208,210 Electrical conductivity 113, 124, 126, 218 Electrical resistance alloys 159 Electrical resistance alloys (specific types) , 161, 163, 165, , 161, 165, 166, , 161, 163, 165, , 161, , 161, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168 Nickel-silicon 160, 161, 165 Electrical resistivity 10, 26, 28, 45, 47, 54, 56,60,72, 86, 102, 116, 132, 145, 154, 162, 172, 177, 187, 194, 200, 204,214 Elinvar see Constant-modulus alloys Electromotive force versus copper 163 Emissivity 13 Energy product see Maximum energy product Fatigue properties Ambient temperature 18, 38, 64, 76, 105, 117, 124, 135, 165, 180, 208, 214 Elevated temperature 51, 208 Low temperature 24,42, 143 GMR-235D see Nickel-base superalloys Hardness 16,26,27,28,37,45,48,55, 56, 64, 73, 76, 97, 103, 112, 117, 124, 127, 135, 148, 153, 165, 180, 184, 188, 195, 201, 206, 212, 214, 217 Hastelloy alloys see Nickel-molybdenum alloys, Nickel-silicon alloys Heavy metal see Tungsten-nickel P/M parts HNM see Stainless steels IlIium alloys see Nickel---<:hromium-molybdenum alloys Impact properties Ambient temperature 18, 26, 27, 38, 45,49, 55, 56, 65, 73, 77, 106, 124, 127, 138, 148, 153, 180, 196, 214 Low temperature 42,45, 53, 70, 71, 93, 111, 121, 143, 150, 155, 169, 182, 191,210,216 IN-l00 see Nickel-base superalloys Incoloy alloys see Nickel-iron---<:hromium alloys Inconel alloys see Nickel---<:hromium alloys International system of units 222 Irradiation, neutron 19 ISA (Instrument Society of America) code symbols for thermocouples 169 Iso-Elastic see Constant-modulus alloys M-252 see Nickel-base superalloys Magnetic materials Definitions 192, 196 Permanent 196 Soft 193 Magnetic materials (specific types) Alnico I 198 Alnico II 198 Alnico III 198 Alnico IV 198, 199,201 Alnico V 198, 199, 201 Alnico VI 198, 199, 201 Alnico VII 198 Alnico VIII 198, 199, 201 Alnico IX 198 Alnico XII 198 Cunico I 198, 199, 201 Cunife I 198, 199,201 49Ni 194, 195, 196 Mu-Metal 194, Ni-4Mo 194, 195, 196 Magnetostriction 12 MAR-M200 see Nickel-base superalloys MAR-M246 see Nickel-base superalloys Maximum energy product 200 Mechanical properties Beryllium-nickel alloys 206, 213 Constant-modulus alloys 188, 190, 191 Controlled-expansion alloys 179, 181, 182, 184 Copper-nickel alloys 102, 106, 109, 114 Duranickel alloy

7 Mechanical properties (cont.) Electrical resistance alloys 165, 166, 168 Magnetic materials 205, 208, 210, 213, 214,218 Nickel 13, 19, 23, 25, 29 Nickel-base superalloys 88, 89, 91, 96 Nickel--chromium alloys 61, 66, 70 Nickel--chromium-molybdenum alloys 54 Nickel--copper alloys 48, 50, 51, 54 Nickel-iron--chromium alloys 75, 77,79 Nickel-molybdenum alloys 48, 50, 51, 54 Nickel-silicon alloys 57 Nickel silvers 117, 120, 121, 123, 125, 127 Nitinol 214 Permanickel alloy Stainless steels 133, 138, 141, 146, 148, 150, 153, 155, 157 Thermocouple alloys 173 Tungsten-nickel P/M parts 218 Melting point 10, 26, 34, 45, 47, 56, 60, 72,74,86,95, 102, 113, 116, 124, 132, 154, 162, 172, 177, 184, 187, 194, 204, 212, 214 Metal Powder Industries Federation 125, 157 Modulus of elasticity 10, 26, 28, 34, 45, 47,54,56,60,72, 74, 86, 95, 102, 113, 116, 124, 126, 132, 145, 154, 162,172,177,184,187,194,204, 214,218 Modulus of rigidity 10, 34, 60, 74, 86, 102, 116, 132, 145, 162, 172, 177, 187, 194, 204, 214 Modulus of rupture 127,201 Monel alloys see Nickel--copper alloys Mu-Metal see Magnetic materials Neutron irradiation 19 Nickel Cast 24 Effect of impurities 8 Mechanical properties 13, 19, 23, 25, 27,29 Physical properties 9,25,29 Powder 26 Wrought 8 Nickel deposits 2 Nickel developments 4 Nickel ores 2 Nickel producers 4 Nickel production Nickel recovery 5 Nickel reserves 3 Nickel-base corrosion- and heat-resistant alloys 32, 58 Nickel-base superalloys Cast 94 Range of l00-hour rupture strength 83 Wrought 84 Nickel-base superalloys (specific types) Alloy 713C 94, 95, 97, 98 GMR , 95, 97, 98 IN-loo 94,95,97, 98 M , 85, 88, 89, 91 MAR-M2oo 94, 95, 97, 98 MAR-M246 94, 95, 97, 98 Rene 41 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93 TO Nickel 84,85,88,89,91,92,93 Udimet , 85, 88, 89, 91 Waspaloy 84, 85, 88, 89, 91, 92 Nickel--chromium alloys Cast 71 Wrought 58 Nickel--chromium alloys (specific types) HW 71,72, 152 HX 71, 72, 152 Inconel alloy , 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Inconel alloy , 60, 61, 65 Inconel alloy , 72 Inconel alloy , 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67,68 Inconel alloy ,72 Inconel alloy ,60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Inconel alloy X750 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70 Nickel--chromium-molybdenum alloys 53 Nickel--chromium-molybdenum alloys (specific types) IIlium B 53, 55 Illium G 53, 54, 55 Illium 98 53, 55 Nickel--copper alloys Cast 44 Wrought 33 Nickel--copper alloys (specific types) Monel alloy , 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41,42,43 Monel alloy , 34, 35, 36 Monel alloy R405 33, 35, 36, 38 Monel alloy ,45 Monel alloy K-5oo 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40,41,43,44 Monel alloy , 45 Nickel-iron--chromium alloys 73

8 228 Nickel-iron---<:hromium alloys (specific types) Incoloy alloy , 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 Incoloy alloy , 75, 77, 78 Incoloy alloy , 75, 77, 79 Nickel-molybdenum alloys Cast 53 Wrought 47 Nickel-molybdenum alloys (specific types) Hastelloy alloy B 47,48,49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55 Hastelloy alloy C 47,48,49, 50, 51, 53, 55 Hastelloy alloy N 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 55 Hastelloy alloy X 47,48,49,50,51,53, 55 Nickel-silicon alloys 56, 160 Hastelloy alloy D 56 Nickel silvers Cast 122 Powder 125 Wrought 114 Nickel silvers (specific types) CA ,117 CA ,117 CA , 117 CA , 117 CA CA CA CA Nickel Silver , 129; see also CA 770 Nickel Silver Nickel Silver , 120, 121; see also CA 745 Nickel Silver see CA 757 Nickel Silver see CA 752 Nickel Silver Nickel Silver Powder 125, 127 Ni-Span C see Constant-modulus alloys Ni-Span Hi see Controlled-expansion alloys Nitinol 213,214,215,216 Ores 2 Permanickel alloy , 204, 205, 206, 210 Permeability 10, 34, 60, 74, 86, 132, 145, 154, 194, 204, 214 Permeance 200 PHI5-7Mo see Stainless steels Physical properties Beryllium-nickel alloys 204, 212 Constant-modulus alloys 186 Controlled-expansion alloys 176, 184 Physical properties (cont.) Duranickel alloy Electrical resistance alloys 161 Magnetic materials 194, 199 Nickel 9, 25, 29 Nickel-base superalloys 85, 94 Nickel---<:hromium alloys 61,71 Nickel---<:hromium-molybdenum alloys 54 Nickel---<:opper alloys 34, 44 Nickel-iron---<:hromium alloys 74 Nickel-molybdenum alloys 47 Nickel-silicon alloys 56 Nickel silvers 115, 123, 127 Nitinol 214 Permanickel alloy Stainless steels 133, 146, 152 Thermocouple alloys 171 Tungsten-nickel P/M parts 217 P/M parts see Powder metallurgy products Poisson's ratio 10,34,60,74,86, 145, 162, 172,177,204,214 Powder metallurgy (P/M) products Magnetic materials 197, 199 Nickel 26, 28, 29 Nickel silver 125 Stainless steel 157 Tungsten-Nickel 217 Precipitation-hardenable alloys see Agehardenable alloys Reflectivity 13 Rene 41 see Nickel-base superalloys Residual induction 10,200 Resistivity, electrical see Electrical resistivity Saturation induction 194 Shear strength 28, PH see Stainless steels 17-7PH see Stainless steels 17-10P see Stainless steels 17-14CuMo see Stainless steels SI system 222 Specific heat 10,26,34,45,47,54, 56, 60, 72,74,86,95, 102, 113, 116, 124, 132, 154, 162, 172, 184, 187, 194, 204, 212, 214 Springs, design stresses 190, 210 Stainless steels Cast, standard 151 Powder parts 157 Precipitation-hardenable 143 Wrought, standard 129 Stainless steels (specific types) A , 146, 148, 150

9 229 Stainless steels (cont.) AM , 146, 148, 150 AM , 146, 148 CE , 153 CF CF-3M 152 CF-8 152, 153, 155 CF-8C 152, 156 CF-8M 152, 153, 155 CF-16F 152 CF CO-8M 152, 153 CH , 153, 155 CK , 153, 155 CN-7M 152, 153 HE 152 HF 152,153 HH 152, 153 HI 152 HK 152, 153 HL 152 HN 152 HNM 144, 146, 148, 150 HT 152 HU 152 PH15-7Mo 144, 146, PH 144, 146, 148, PH 144, 146, 148, P 144, 146, CuMo 144, 146 Stainless W 144, 146, , 133, 135, 136, , 138, , 133, 135, , 133, 135, 137, DO, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, , , 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, , 141, L 130, 133, 135, 138, 140, , 133, 135, , 133, 135, s 130, 133, , 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, s 130, 133, , 133, 137, 139, L , 137, , 133, 137, 139, , 133, , 133, see 17-4PH 631 see 17-7PH 632 see PH15-7Mo Stainless steels (cont.) 633 see AM see AM see Stainless W 653 see 17-14CuMo 660 see A-286 Stainless W see Stainless steels Stress-rupture properties 20, 41, 50, 66, 77,89,98, 106, 139, 148, 155, 167 Superalloys see Nickel-base superalloys Symbols used in graphs 223 TD Nickel see Nickel-base superalloys Temperature coefficient Modulus of elasticity 187 Modulus of rigidity 187 Resistance 10, 162, 172, 177, 187 Thermal emf versus copper 162 Thermocouples Temperature-emf tables 170 Temperature limits 171 Tensile properties Ambient temperature 13, 26, 27, 28, 35, 45, 48, 54, 56, 61, 73, 75, 88, 96, 102, 112, 117, 123, 127, 133, 146, 153, 157, 165, 173, 179, 184, 188, 195,201,205,212,214,217 Elevated temperature 19, 40, 50, 56, 66, 77,89,98, 106, 120, 138, 148, 153, 167, 173, 181, 190,208,214 Low temperature 41,45,51,70,91,109, 121, 141, 150, 155, 168, 182, 191, 210, 215 Thermal conductivity 10,26,28,34,45,47 54,56,60,72,74,86,95,102,113, 116, 124, 132, 145, 154, 162, 172, 177, 187, 194,204,212 Thermal expansion coefficient see Coefficient of thermal expansion Thermocouple' alloys 169 Alumel 172, 173 Chromel P 172, 173 Chromel P-Alumel,170, 171 Chromel P-<:onstantan 170, 171 Copper-<:onstantan 170, 171 Iron-<:onstantan 170, 171 Trademarks 32, 220 Transverse breaking strength 56 Tungsten-nickel P/M parts 217, 218 Udimet 500 see Nickel-base superalloys Vapor pressure 10 Velocity of sound 13 Waspaloy see Nickel-base superalloys