TESTING OF MANHOLE BASE LINER PRODUCTS

Transcription

1 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. # Norland Ave. Burnaby, BC, Canada V5B 3A6 Tel: (604) Fax: (604) Web: polymerengineering.ca Prepared for: Ali Dehghani of Predl Systems Prepared by: Marek Gnatowski, Ph.D., Grace Hui, B.A.Sc., Mathew Leung, B.Sc. Prepared on: October 12, 2012, updated December 18, 2012 TESTING OF MANHOLE BASE LINER PRODUCTS (From Page 14)

2 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 1 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. # Norland Ave. Burnaby, BC, Canada V5B 3A6 Tel: (604) Fax: (604) Web: polymerengineering.ca pecltd@telus.net Prepared for: Ali Dehghani of Predl Systems Prepared by: Marek Gnatowski, Ph.D., Grace Hui, B.A.Sc., Mathew Leung, B.Sc. Prepared on: October 12, 2012, updated December 18, 2012 TESTING OF MANHOLE BASE LINER PRODUCTS Introduction Predl Systems contracted Polymer Engineering Company (PEC) to conduct testing of three materials used for their manhole base liners. Samples were supplied and identified by Predl as Polypropylene Plain, Polypropylene with Anchors, and Fibreglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP). The materials were tested and conditioned according to standard test methods accepted by Predl Systems for its products. It should be noted that results should be treated with some caution due to the limited number of samples tested. The data obtained represents the properties of randomly selected materials supplied by Predl System between June October This report contains short test descriptions, results, and material property summaries. Raw test data or computer-generated test reports can be found in the Appendix. Hardness Hardness measurements were conducted using a Barcol Impressor as per ASTM D2583. Barcol Impressor readings did not register for all the tested samples; as such, Shore D durometer hardness testing based on ASTM D2240 was also conducted. Table 1 presents the hardness measurements and the raw data can be found in the Appendix. Abrasion Properties Abrasion testing was conducted according to ASTM D4060 using a Taber Abraser Model 174 with CS-17 calibrase wheels and 1000 g load. S-11 refacing discs were used to resurface the wheels before testing each specimen and after every 500 cycles. Each material was tested in duplicate for 1000 cycles. Table 2 shows the abrasion testing results. Raw test data can be found in the Appendix. Water Absorption Water absorption measurements were conducted according to ASTM D570. Samples of each material were tested in duplicate. All samples were dried in a desiccator for five days and to constant weight (±0.01%) prior to testing. Table 3 and Figure 1 show the water absorption measurements. Raw test data can be found in the Appendix.

3 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 2 Properties testing was conducted according to ASTM D638 using an Instron 4400 Universal Testing Machine equipped with Bluehill software. The plain polypropylene sheets were tested using a 500 kg load cell, the Type I specimen size, a 200 mm/min cross-head speed and video extensometer with 350 mm field of view (FOV). These samples were tested in two directions, machine and transverse, which corresponds to the specimen length parallel and perpendicular to the extrusion direction, respectively. The plain polypropylene sheets were machined to half thickness to conform to dimensions necessary for Type I specimen testing. Because of the limited appropriate sampling area of thermoformed polypropylene parts, smaller ASTM D4894 specimens were obtained from this material in two directions (machine and transverse) and used for tensile testing. The thermoformed polypropylene parts were covered with an aggregate on one surface and this surface was machined to obtain samples with uniform thickness required for testing. A 500 kg load cell with 25.4 mm/min cross-head speed and video extensomer with 200 mm FOV was used. The polypropylene material with anchors was tested with specimen length in the transverse direction using the Type I specimen size, a 200 mm/min cross-head speed and video extensometer with 350 mm FOV. Due to the location of anchors on this material, Type I specimens could not be obtained in the machine direction. As such, smaller specimens per ASTM D4894 were die cut with specimen length in both machine and transverse directions from this material and tested using a 50 kg load cell, 25.4 mm/min cross-head speed and video extensometer with 200 mm FOV. Due to the fact that the orientation of fibres appear to be random, the fibreglass reinforced polymer material was tested in one direction using Type I specimens, a 500 kg load cell, a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min and video extensometer with 50 mm FOV. The fibreglass exposed (non-bare coat) surface of this material was machined prior to testing to obtain samples with uniform thickness required for testing. Table 4 shows a summary of the tensile testing results. Individual test reports can be found in the Appendix. Please note that the mechanical properties of the sheet changes after thermoforming (moulding). Those changes may differ across the whole part and depend on moulding profile, and direction. The results provided show an example of the tensile properties of a moulded sheet. Impact Properties Izod pendulum impact testing was conducted according to ASTM D256 Test Method A using a TMI Impact Tester No where samples were notched using a TMI notching cutter Model The plain polypropylene samples were tested using a 30 lb hammer in two directions, machine and transverse based on the fracture direction, which is perpendicular to the specimen length. The polypropylene with anchors material was also tested in two directions (machine and transverse based on the fracture direction)while the fibreglass reinforced material was tested in one direction, both using the 3 lb hammer. The fibreglass exposed (non-bare coat) surface of the FRP material was machined

4 prior to testing to obtain samples with uniform thickness required for testing. Table 5 provides a summary of the impact testing results. Raw test data can be found in the Appendix. Flexural Properties Flexural testing was conducted according to ASTM D790 Procedure A using an lnstron 400 Universal Testing Machine equipped with Bluehill software. For all materials, a 500 kg load cell was used in compression. The plain polypropylene samples were tested in two directions, machine and transverse, and at a cross-head speed of 3.03 mm/min. The polypropylene with anchors material was also tested in two directions using a cross-head speed of 1.30 mm/min. The fibreglass reinforced material was tested in one direction using a cross-head speed of 1.03 mm/min. The fibreglass exposed (non-bare coat) surface of the FRP material was machined prior to testing to obtain samples with uniform thickness required for testing. The machined side of the samples was subject to compression during testing. Table 6 shows a summary of the flexural testing results. lndividual test reports can be found in the Appendix. Specific Gravity Specific gravity measurements were conducted according to ASTM D792- Test Method A for each of the materials. Specimens were obtained from samples which had been used in mechanicaltesting. Table 7 shows the measurement results. Ash Content Ash content measurements were obtained at 550'C and at 900"C on select fibreglass reinforced polymer samples. One specimen was selected from each group of mechanically tested samples (impact, tensile, flexural). Specimens selected for analysis had average mechanical properties in the group. For each selected specimen, two sample areas were obtained for ash content measurements, one from either side of the fracture point. Based on the ash content results, the composition of the fibreglass reinforced material was calculated. Table 8 shows the ash content measurements and results' Marek Gnatowski, Ph.D. [^.,i(e 2ot2 Date NOTICE This report was prepared by polymer Engineering Company Ltd- All the described tests and technological applications were performed in accordance with our best knowledge and the results represent our independent judgment. Furthermore, Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. hereby disclaims any and all warranties, expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, whether arising by law, custom, or conduct with respect to any of the information contained in this report. ln no event shall Polymer EngineeringCompanyLtd.beliableforincidentalorconsequentialdamagesbecauseofanyinformationcontainedinthisreport. Liabilityof Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. is limited to fee paid only.

5 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 4 Table 1. Hardness (ASTM D2583 and ASTM D2240) Sample Description Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Barcol Impressor N/A N/A range Avg Shore D Hardness Table 2. Abrasion Properties (ASTM D4060) Sample Description Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Average Weight Loss at 500 cycles (mg) Average Weight Loss at 1000 cycles* (mg) *This is also the Wear Index (I) of the material Standard deviations are italicized and highlighted in grey.

6 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 5 Sample Type Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Table 3. Water Absorption (ASTM D570) Average Change in Weight 1 day 2 days 5 days 7 days 14 days 21 days 28 days 35 days 42 days 49 days 56 days 63 days 70 days -0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.02% 0.03% 0.03% 0.04% 0.04% -0.01% -0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.02% 0.03% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.04% 0.03% 0.04% 0.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.04% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.03% 0.03% 0.01% 0.20% 0.28% 0.45% 0.50% 0.65% 0.74% 0.81% 0.87% 0.94% 0.95% 0.99% 1.02% 1.08% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00% 0.03% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% Sample Description Polypropylene plain Thermoformed polypropylene Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Table 4. Properties (ASTM D638) Orientation to Extrusion Direction (based on specimen length) Machine (MD) Transverse (TD) Machine (ASTM D4894 die)* Transverse (ASTM D4894 die)* Machine (ASTM D4894 die)* Transverse (ASTM D4894 die)* Transverse N/A Stress at Yield Strain at Yield Strain at Young's Modulus * Conducted using ASTM D4894 die cut specimens due to the geometrical restrictions of the material. All other tensile specimens conform to ASTM D 638. Standard deviations are italicized and highlighted in grey.

7 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 6 Sample Description Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Table 5. Impact Properties (ASTM D256) Fracture Direction Machine Transverse Machine Transverse N/A Strength (kj/m2) Type NB NB NB C C Sample Description Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Table 6. Flexural Properties (ASTM D790) Orientation to Extrusion Direction (based on specimen length) Machine Transverse Machine Transverse N/A Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Standard deviations are italicized and highlighted in grey.

8 Polymer Engineering Company Ltd. 7 Table 7. Specific Gravity (ASTM D792) Sample ID Sample Description Specific Gravity F MD Polypropylene plain Polypropylene thermoformed Polypropylene with anchors T FRP (tensile) 1.31 I FRP (impact) 1.28 F FRP (flexural) 1.29 Sample ID Table 8. Ash Content and Composition of Fibreglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Samples Sample Type Ash Content % 550 C 900 C CO 2 Content Glass Fibre FRP Composition Resin CaCO 3 (phr) (1) (PEC Test ID I ) Impact (2) (PEC Test ID I ) (3) (PEC Test ID T ) (4) (PEC Test ID T ) (5) (PEC Test ID F ) Flexural (6) (PEC Test ID F )

9 Water Absorption Polymer Engineering Company Ltd % 1.00% 0.80% 0.60% 0.40% 0.20% 0.00% -0.20% Duration of water immersion (days) Polypropylene plain Polypropylene with anchors Fibreglass reinforced polymer Figure 1. Water Absorption Properties (ASTM D570)

10 Properties of Polypropylene Plain* per report dated December 18, 2012 Type Property Test Standard Unit Polypropylene Plain Specific Gravity ASTM D792 Test Method A Physical Shore D Hardness ASTM D Barcol Impressor Hardness ASTM D N/A Wear Index ASTM D Water Absorption (70 days) ASTM D570 % 0.00 Stress at Yield MD MPa 23.6 Stress at Yield TD MPa 23.4 Strain at Yield MD % 5.5 Strain at Yield TD % 5.4 ASTM D638 Strain at MD % 389 Strain at TD % 472 Young's Modulus MD MPa 2477 Young's Modulus TD MPa 2892 Impact Strength MD kj/m 2 89 ASTM D256 Non- Test Method A Strength TD kj/m 2 89 Non- Stress at Yield MD MPa 34.4 Stress at Yield TD MPa 33.4 Flexural Strain at Yield MD ASTM D790 % 6.21 Strain at Yield TD Procedure A % 6.26 Modulus MD MPa 1137 Modulus TD MPa 1083 * This data represents properties of randomly selected material samples provided by Predl Systems between June - October 2012.

11 Properties of Polypropylene With Anchors* per report dated December 18, 2012 Type Property Test Standard Unit Polypropylene With Anchors Specific Gravity ASTM D792 Test Method A Physical Shore D Hardness ASTM D Barcol Impressor Hardness ASTM D N/A Wear Index ASTM D Water Absorption (70 days) ASTM D570 % 0.04 Stress at Yield MD MPa 26.7** Stress at Yield TD MPa 28.2**/26.8 Strain at Yield MD % 10.6** Strain at Yield TD % 13.2**/9.8 ASTM D638 Strain at MD % 1022* Strain at TD % 959**/435 Young's Modulus MD MPa 2736** Young's Modulus TD MPa 2624*/2146 Impact Strength MD kj/m 2 16 ASTM D256 Test Non- Method A Strength TD kj/m 2 62 Complete Stress at Yield MD MPa 32.6 Stress at Yield TD MPa 33.2 Flexural Strain at Yield MD ASTM D790 % 8.50 Strain at Yield TD Procedure A % 8.15 Modulus MD MPa 850 Modulus TD MPa 895 * This data represents properties of randomly selected material samples provided by Predl Systems between June - October **Testing conducted using ASTM D4894 die cut specimens due to geometric restrictions of the material.

12 Properties of Fibreglass Reinforced Polymer* per report dated December 18, 2012 Type Property Test Standard Unit FRP Specific Gravity ASTM D792 Test Method A Physical Shore D Hardness ASTM D Barcol Impressor Hardness ASTM D range Wear Index ASTM D Water Absorption (70 days) ASTM D570 % 1.08 Stress at Yield MPa 49.8 Strain at Yield % 1.1 ASTM D638 Strain at % 1.0 Young's Modulus MPa 7217 Impact Impact Strength ASTM D256 Test Method A kj/m Complete Stress at Yield MPa 99.4 ASTM D790 Flexural Strain at Yield % 3.47 Procedure A Modulus MPa 4179 * This data represents properties of randomly selected material samples provided by Predl Systems between June - October 2012.

13 APPENDIX Predl Systems Report - December 18, 2012

14 Hardness Measurements

15 POLYMER ENGINEERING CO. LTD. BURNABY, BC ATTENTION: GRACE HUI LABORATORY TEST REPORT SEPTEMBER 19, 2012 This document and all services and/or products provided in connection with this document and all future sales are subject to and shall be governed by the Acuren Standard Service Terms in effect when the services and/or products are ordered. THOSE TERMS ARE AVAILABLE AT ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS DOCUMENT AND SHALL SUPERSEDE ANY CONFLICTING TERMS IN ANY OTHER DOCUMENT (EXCEPT WHERE EXPRESSLY AGREED OTHERWISE IN THAT OTHER DOCUMENT). This report contains 2 pages including cover. A _01-01R0 60POL002 Lab R1 (2)

16 ACUREN LABORATORY Acuren Group lnc HorseshoeWay Richmond, BC, Canada WA4V4 NDT, lnspection and Materials Engineerlng a Rockwood Company TEST REPORT Phone: Fax: POLYMER ENGINEERING COMPANY LTD. #110-3O7O NORLAND AVENUE BURNABY, BC VsB 3A6 Arrerurroru: GRACE HUI DRre: September19,2012 Oun Fte No: P.O. No.: Verbal RepoRrNo: 01 DEscntprtoru: Hardness Testing using Barcol lmpressor as perastm D2583. Additional Hardness Testing using Shore D Tesr SpecrncAroN. ASTM D2583 Sample ld Hardness (Shore D) Average Hardness (Shore D) Sample # Plain Sheet of Polypropylene 65, 65, 66, 65, Sample # Thinner Sheet with raised features 60, 60, 59, 61, Sample # Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer 80, 80, 80, 80, 80 (Barcol between 20-30) BO BC Safety Authority Certificate of Recognition Registration No. CR-5 Test machine calibrated to ASTM E4 and CSA A23.2-9C specifications. Specimens wili be disposed of after 30 days unless alternate provisions are made. RepOfted by: Reviewed by: This document and all services and/or products provided in connection with this document and all future sales are subject to and shall be governed by the "Acuren Standard Seruice Terms" in effect when the services and/or products are ordered. THOSE TERMS ARE AVAILABLE AT W\M.ACUREN"COM/SERVICET RMS. ARE EXPRESSLY INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THIS DOCUMENT AND SHALL SUPERSEDE ANY CONFLICTING TERMS IN ANY OTHER DOCUMENT (EXCEPT WHERE EXPRESSLY AGREED OTHERWISE IN THAT OTHER DOCUMENT). This report contains 2 page(s). A R0 60PO1002 Lab R1.doc

17 Abrasion Testing

18 Taber Abrasion Testing (ASTM D4060) Sample Description Weight (g) for Number of Cycles Weight Loss at Weight Loss at Wear Initial cycles (mg) 1000 cycles (mg) Index, I W2 Polypropylene plain W3 Polypropylene plain W1 Polypropylene with anchors W2 Polypropylene with anchors W3 FRP W4 FRP

19 Water Absorption

20 Water Absorption Measurements (ASTM D570) Weight (g) Sample ID Description 0h 1 day Diff 2 days Diff 5 days Diff 7 days Diff 14 days Diff 21 days Diff 28 days Diff 35 days Diff 42 days Diff 49 days Diff 56 days Diff 63 days Diff 70 days Diff % % % % % % % % % % % % % Polypropylene % % % % % % % % % % % % % plain % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Polypropylene % % % % % % % % % % % % % with anchors % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % FRP % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % %

21 Testing

22 12/17/2012 5:54:50 PM MD, Type I, plain PP in MD test is_tens Sample file name: MD, Type I, plain PP in MD test is_tens Client Name Predl Systems ASTM method used D with Video Extensometer Test date Sept 28, 2012 Sample ID Sample Description Type I size Plain PP sheets Crosshead speed mm/min Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 102 mm Video FOV 350 mm Temperature 24.0C Humidity 48% Specimen ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) strain at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) MD MD MD MD MD-6 Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

23 12/17/2012 5:57:38 PM TD, Type I, plain PP in TD test is_tens Sample file name: TD, Type I, plain PP in TD test is_tens Client Name Predl Systems ASTM method used D with Video Extensometer Test date Sept 28, 2012 Sample ID Sample Description Type I size Plain PP sheet Crosshead speed mm/min Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 102 mm Video FOV 350 mm Temperature 24.0C Humidity 48% Specimen ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) strain at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) T TD-2 T TD-3 T TD-4 T TD-5 T TD-6 Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

24 12/17/2012 6:15:18 PM MD formed pp part (D4894 dies) test is_tens Sample file name: MD formed pp part (D4894 dies) test is_tens Client Name Predl ASTM method used D-638 modified in respect to specimen size Sample ID MD Sample Description Formed Plain PP sheet Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 20 mm Crosshead Speed 1 in/min Video FOV 200 mm Temperature 24C Humidity 45% Sample ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) Axial Strain (Video) at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) MD MD MD MD MD-6 Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

25 12/17/2012 6:13:40 PM TD formed pp part (D4894 dies) test is_tens Sample file name: TD formed pp part (D4894 dies) test is_tens Client Name Predl ASTM method used D-638 modified in respect to specimen size Sample ID TD Sample Description Formed Plain PP sheet Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 20 mm Crosshead Speed 1 in/min Video FOV 200 mm Temperature 24C Humidity 52% Sample ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) Axial Strain (Video) at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) TD TD TD TD TD-5 Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

26 12/17/2012 5:49:34 PM polypropylene,machne direction (D4894 dies) test is_tens Sample file name: polypropylene,machne direction (D4894 dies) test is_tens Client Name Predl ASTM method used D-638 modified in respect to specimen size Sample ID Sample Description specimens die cut to ASTM D4894 Load Cell 50 kg Grip Distance 20 mm Crosshead Speed 1in/min Guage Length mm Temperature 22.8C Humidity 56% Sample ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) Axial Strain (Video) at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

27 12/17/2012 5:47:48 PM polypropylene,transverse direction (D4894 dies) test is_tens Sample file name: polypropylene,transverse direction (D4894 dies) test is_tens Client Name Predl ASTM method used D-638 modified in respect to specimen size Sample ID Sample Description specimens die cut to ASTM D4894 Load Cell 50 kg Grip Distance 20 mm Crosshead Speed 1in/min Guage Length mm Temperature 21.5C Humidity 54% Sample ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) Axial Strain (Video) at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

28 12/17/2012 6:03:07 PM TD, Type I, PP with anchor in TD test is_tens Sample file name: TD, Type I, PP with anchor in TD test is_tens Client Name Predl Systems ASTM method used D with Video Extensometer Test date Sept 28, 2012 Sample ID TD Sample Description Type I size PP sheet with anchors Crosshead speed mm/min Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 102 mm Video FOV 350 mm Temperature 23.0C Humidity 48% Specimen ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) strain at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) T TD-1 T TD-2 T TD-3 T TD-4 T Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

29 12/17/2012 6:06:27 PM , Type I, FRP test is_tens Sample file name: , Type I, FRP test is_tens Client Name Predl Systems Contract ASTM method used D with Video Extensometer Test date Oct 01, 2012 Sample ID Sample Description Type I size FRP plate Crosshead speed 5.00 mm/min Load Cell 500 kg Grip Distance 102 mm Video FOV 350 mm Temperature 22.5C Humidity 42% Specimen ID Width Thickness Axial Gauge Length (Strain Source) stress at Yield (Zero Slope) strain at Yield (Zero Slope) stress at (Cursor) Axial Strain (Video) at (Cursor) Maximum Load (kgf) Modulus (Automatic Young's) T T T T T Mean Standard Deviation Sample note 1 Page 1 of 1

30 Impact Testing

31 Impact Testing (ASTM D256) Correction factors Factor A (Ea) Factor B (Eb) Average L (impact pt to fulcrum)= cm in hm(initial ht - min ht)= 60.9 cm Hammer: 30 lb Max reading, Em (ft-lb) 30 Correction factor (ft-lb): Ea) 1.35 Eb) 1.3 Description: Plain PP sheet - Fracture direction: MD Test date: Specimen ID Width (in) Impact, Es (ft-lb) beta beta -max Correction, Etc (ft-lb) corr. Impact (ft-lb) corr. Impact strength (ft*lb/inch) Type Depth under notch(in) Impact strength (J/m2) I Per NB I Per NB I Per NB I Per NB I Per NB Average: SD Description: Plain PP sheet - Fracture direction: TD Test date: Specimen ID Width (in) Impact, Es (ft-lb) beta beta -max Correction, Etc (ft-lb) corr. Impact (ft-lb) corr. Impact strength (ft*lb/inch) Type Depth under notch(in) Impact strength (J/m2) I Para NB I Para NB I Para NB I Para NB I Para NB I Para NB Average: SD

32 Impact Testing (ASTM D256) Correction factors Factor A (Ea) Factor B (Eb) Average L (impact pt to fulcrum)= cm in hm(initial ht - min ht)= 60.9 cm Hammer: 3 lb Max reading, Em (ft-lb) 3 Actual was 2lb but Corrected to 3ft-lb Correction factor (ft-lb): Ea) Eb) Description: PP anchor sheet -Fracture direction: MD Test date: Specimen ID Width (in) Impact, Es (ft-lb) beta beta -max Correction, Etc (ft-lb) corr. Impact (ft-lb) corr. Impact strength (ft*lb/inch) Type Depth under notch(in) Impact strength (J/m2) I per NB I per NB I per NB I per NB I per NB Average: SD Description: PP anchor sheet -Fracture direction: TD Test date: Specimen ID Width (in) Impact, Es (ft-lb) beta beta -max corr. Impact Depth Impact Correction, Etc corr. Impact strength under strength (ft-lb) (ft-lb) Type (ft*lb/inch) notch(in) (J/m2) I Para C I Para C I Para C I Para C I Para C I Para C Average: SD

33 Impact Testing (ASTM D256) Correction factors Factor A (Ea) Factor B (Eb) Average L (impact pt to fulcrum)= cm in hm(initial ht - min ht)= 60.9 cm Hammer: 3 lb Max reading, Em (ft-lb) 3 Actual was 2lb but Corrected to 3ft-lb Correction factor (ft-lb): Ea) 0.12 Eb) Description: FRP Test date: Specimen ID Width (in) Impact, Es (ft-lb) beta beta -max Correction, Etc (ft-lb) corr. Impact (ft-lb) corr. Impact strength (ft*lb/inch) Type Depth under notch(in) Impact strength (J/m2) I C I C I C I C I C I C Average: SD

34 Flexural Testing

35 10/5/2012 4:15:55 PM MD,plain PP,test is_flex Sample description Plain PP sheets, specimen length along Machine direction (MD) Method description ASTM D790 Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials Procedure: Test method 1, span-to-depth ratio = 15, radius of supports and loading nose 3mm Support span mm Laboratory Name PEC Company Predl Systems Test date Oct 05, 2012 Operator ID ML Sample ID F MD Load cell 500kg (compression) Crosshead speed 3.03 mm/min Temperature (C) Humidity Specimen label Thickness Width Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Maximum Load (lbf) 1 F MD F MD F MD F MD F MD Mean Standard Deviation Page 1 of 1

36 10/5/ :23:31 AM TD,plain PP,flex,test is_flex Sample description Plain PP sheets, specimen length along transverse direction (TD) Method description ASTM D790 Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials Procedure: Test method 1, span-to-depth ratio = 15, radius of supports and loading nose 3mm Support span mm Laboratory Name PEC Company Predl Systems Test date Oct 04, 2012 Operator ID ML Sample ID F TD Load cell 500kg (compression) Crosshead speed 3.03 mm/min Temperature (C) Humidity Specimen label Thickness Width Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Maximum Load (lbf) 1 F TD F TD F TD F TD F TD Mean Standard Deviation Page 1 of 1

37 10/9/2012 2:10:16 PM F MD,PP with anchors,test is_flex Sample description PP sheets with anchors, specimen length along Machine direction (MD) Method description ASTM D790 Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials Procedure: Test method 1, span-to-depth ratio = 17.8, radius of supports and loading nose 3mm Support span 44.5 mm Laboratory Name PEC Company Predl Systems Test date Oct 09, 2012 Operator ID ML Sample ID F MD Load cell 500kg (compression) Crosshead speed 1.30 mm/min Temperature (C) Humidity Specimen label Thickness Width Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Maximum Load (lbf) 2 F MD F MD F MD F MD F MD Mean Standard Deviation Page 1 of 1

38 10/9/ :53:00 AM F TD,PP with anchors,test is_flex Sample description PP sheets with anchors, specimen length along Transverse direction (TD) Method description ASTM D790 Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials Procedure: Test method 1, span-to-depth ratio = 17.8, radius of supports and loading nose 3mm Support span 44.5 mm Laboratory Name PEC Company Predl Systems Test date Oct 05, 2012 Operator ID ML Sample ID F TD Load cell 500kg (compression) Crosshead speed 1.30 mm/min Temperature (C) Humidity Specimen label Thickness Width Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Maximum Load (lbf) 1 F TD F TD F TD F TD F TD Mean Standard Deviation Page 1 of 1

39 10/10/ :05:10 AM F ,FRP,test is_flex Sample description Fibre reinforced plates (FRP), faced on one side. Original surface in tension Method description ASTM D790 Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials Procedure: Test method 1, span-to-depth ratio = 14, radius of supports and loading nose 3mm Support span 44.5 mm Laboratory Name PEC Company Predl Systems Test date Oct 09, 2012 Operator ID ML Sample ID F Load cell 500kg (compression) Crosshead speed 1.03 mm/min Temperature (C) Humidity Specimen label Thickness Width Flexural Yield Stress Flexural Yield Strain Flexural Modulus Maximum Load (lbf) 2 F F F F F Mean Standard Deviation Page 1 of 1