DIRECT 3D PRINTING: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR JEWELRY PRODUCTION

Transcription

1 DAMIANO ZITO DIRECT 3D PRINTING: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR JEWELRY PRODUCTION

2 PRESENTATION STRUCTURE AT YOUR GLANCE Introduction History of production processes and 3D direct precious metal printing overview Materials Overview on precious metals alloys already tested and their characteristics compared to casting Resolution Reproducible details and thicknesses Geometries Type of geometrical strengths Surface Quality Roughness, supports residuals and density Productivity Benchmark with casting Sustainability Environmental impact What to do next Approach Recommendations

3 HISTORY HOW JEWELLERY IS PRODUCED? wires sheets hand made chains chains tubing casting machining

4 INTRODUCTION HOW DOES IT WORKS A 3D METAL PRINTER Type of Process Powder metallurgy process Commercials Acronyms SLM, SLS, DMLS Technology Type Layer by Layer Tested Precious Metals Tested precious metals: Au, Pt, Pd, Ag Printers Producers ReaLizer GmbH, EOS GmbH, Concept Laser GmbH, Sisma S.p.A.; Others: Phenix Systems, SLM Solution GmbH, Arcam AB, Renishaw Precious Metals Powders Producers Progold S.p.A., Cookson Gold Ltd, Legor Group S.p.A., Hilderbrand CIE SA

5 UTS [MPa] Elongation [%] MATERIALS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BENCHMARK D Direct Metal Printing 3D Direct Metal Printing Traditional Casting Traditional Casting Direct Casting Direct Casting 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% UTS [MPa] Elongation [%]

6 MATERIALS 3N YELLOW GOLD MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Alloy ID UTS [MPa] Elongation [%] Hardness [HV] Au3N >450 >25 <150 Au5N+ >550 >15 <160 AuG2Pd130 >550 >15 <190 Pt950 >670 >20 <180 TiG4 >550 >15 >200

7 MATERIALS BENCHMARK OF GRAIN SIZE 3D Direct Metal Printing Traditional Casting Direct Casting

8 MATERIALS HIGH MELTING TEMPERATURE ALLOYS Platinum 950 These alloys has liquidus temperature above 1750 C Titanium Grade 4 These alloys has liquidus temperature above 1650 C

9 MATERIALS ANODIZED TITANIUM Blue Black Green Purple

10 MATERIALS ALLOYS OPPORTUNITIES Composite Alloys AuTi and AuNb Colour Super White YI<15 Density 30% less than standard Pd white gold

11 MATERIALS ALLOYS OPPORTUNITIES

12 RESOLUTION DPI (DOTS PER INCH) Alloy ID XY[DPI] Z [DPI] Au3N Au5N AuG2Pd Pt TiG

13 Thickness [mm] RESOLUTION THICKNESSES VS. SURFACE EXTENSION 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, Surface Extension [mm2] Traditional Casting Direct Casting 3D Direct Metal Printing

14 GEOMETRIES MONOLITHIC JEWELS Casting To hollow rings the cast need to be assembled 3D direct metal printing To hollow the ring it can be printed monolithic

15 GEOMETRIES HOLLOW JEWELS

16 GEOMETRIES HOLLOW WEARABLE & SMART HOLLOW KSIZE

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18 GEOMETRIES REINFORCEMENT RIB & LATTICE STRUCTURE

19 GEOMETRIES REINFORCEMENT RIB & LATTICE STRUCTURE

20 GEOMETRIES REINFORCEMENT RIB & LATTICE STRUCTURE

21 Titolo asse SURFACE QUALITY ROUGHNESS [R t ] BENCHMARK 3D Direct Metal Printing Direct Casting Traditional Casting Roughness [µm]

22 SURFACE QUALITY DENSITY BENCHMARK Density 99.5% 99.9% Density 99.9% 99.99%

23 SURFACE QUALITY SUPPORTS RESIDUALS

24 SURFACE QUALITY SUPPORTS RESIDUALS

25 Production Lead Time [h] PRODUCTION PRODUCTION LEAD TIME Piece 10 Pieces 100 Pieces

26 PRODUCTION PRODUCTION CAPACITY BENCHMARK Process Production Capacity [kg/day] Traditional Casting 3.75 Direct Casting D Direct Metal Printing 0.35

27 Carbon Footprint [kg CO 2 eq] SUSTAINABILITY CARBON FOOTPRINT Traditional investment casting Direct investment casting SLM 14 g/h SLM 7 g/h SLM 25 g/h Process Yield [%]