International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue.1, Jan.-Feb pp ISSN:

Transcription

1 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: Dynamic Response Analysis of Auomaic Geneaion Conol in a Aea (Rehea & NonRehea) Ineconneced Powe Sysem and a Scheme fo Impovemen of Response fo he Same E. Dipayan Guha, Pof. (D.). K. Sengupa Final Yea Suden, Elecical Engineeing (M.ech) Depamen, Asansol Engineeing College, Wes Bengal, India Campus Dieco, Supem Knowledge Foundaion Goup of Insiuion, Manundu, Hooghly, Wes Bengal, India Absac: In he pesen wo, we focus on he sudy of dynamic behavio of an ineconneced woaea powe sysem and a scheme fo impovemen of esponse fo he same. Hee, woaea sysem wih one nonehea hemal unis & one ehea hemal unis is consideed. he fequency and ieline powe deviaion of wo unis ae sudied using MALABSIMULINK in coninuous ime domain and also in discee ime domain. he pape focus on he sudy of fequency & ieline powe deviaion fo sep load changes of % in boh aeas wih convenional PopoionalInegal conol and impovemen in dynamic pefomances while eplaced wih discee conolle. Keywods: Auomaic Geneaion Conol, Modeling of Ineconneced Powe sysem, Dynamic pefomance sudy of boh he aeas, MALAB SIMULINK. I. INRODUCION Nowadays, moden powe sysems ae divided ino numbe of aeas. Fo example, in ou couny, easen gid, wesen gid ec. and each aea ae ineconneced among hemselves hough ansmission lines, called ieline. Ineconneced powe sysem o powe gid povides following advanages ove he conol aea opeaed individually, i. I sabilizes he gid which in un inceases sabiliy, eliabiliy & secuiy of he oveall sysem. ii. Mainaining fequency o a fixed value which educes volage collae & chances of undesiable loadshed siuaion. Ealie days, one geneaing uni in a sysem would be designed as he egulaed uni & i was manually adjused o Conol he balance beween he ne geneaion & load demand. Bu now wih auomaic Geneaion sysem, many unis ae paicipaed in egulaion, impoving oveall sysem efficiency & economy. he main funcion of powe sysem opeaion and conol is o povide coninuous powe supply o all consumes conneced o i. Auomaic Load fequency conol (ALFC) o Auomaic Geneaion conol (AGC) egulaes eal powe flow beween diffeen conol aeas while eeping fequency consan. he main feaues of ALFC loo ae i. Keeping fequency o is seady sae value. ii. o conol powe flow beween ineconneced conol aeas. iii. Mainain equal load disibuion among he paicipaing unis. ieline bias is caefully monioed & epesened fo all ielines. Bias is he acceped sandad opeaing consain ha conols he aea conol eo (ACE), monioing & adjusing ieline flows o eep he sysem sable. Sabiliy is he em o descibe how fa a powe gid handles a sysem disubances o powe sysem faul. he main objecive of he pesen wo is o pefom a compaaive sudy of dynamic esponse of ineconneced powe sysem wih ehea & nonehea ype ubines and also an impovemen fo dynamic pefomance of ineconneced powe sysem afe eplacing he PI conolle wih discee PI conolle. II. SYSEM INVESIGAED he MW fequency o ALFC sysem invesigaed compises an ineconneced powe sysem of woaea (a) nonehea conol aea & (b) ehea conol aea,shown in fig:(). he nominal values of he paamees ae given in appendix. Page

2 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: Page III. MODELING OF DESIRED POWER SYSEM he coninuous ime dynamics behavio of he AGC sysem is descibed by he linea veco diffeenial equaions Fo fomulaing he sae space model, oupu of all blocs having eihe inegao o a ime consan assumed o be sae vaiable [7]. Sae space models of single aea sysem wih above assumpion of ehea & nonehea hemal unis ae given below, especively Wheeas, sae space model of ou concened ineconneced powe sysem is defined as, calculaions ae given in appendix. A = a b b R a R B = G= K K

3 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: IV. SIMULINK RESUL Dynamic esponse of single aea sysem fo boh ehea & nonehea ype hemal sysem shown in fig(). Fig() Dynamic esponse of single aea sysem Minimizaion of seady sae eo: I is obseved fom fig: () ha he sysem has ponounced seady sae eo of e SS = 5.89% (ve). hee ae numbe of mehods available o educe seady sae eo, hee we used convenional PIconolle, since he implemenaion of PIconolle is vey easy. Effec of PIconolle o ehea & nonehea single aea sysem shown in fig: (3). Fig:(3) Dynamic esponse of single aea sysem wih PIconolle Fig: (4) o fig: (7) depic Δf (), Δf (), ΔP ie, () & ΔP ie, () esponses in coninuous ime domain using SIMULINK. In he pesen sudy, we divided ou esul ino hee cases: Case: Coninuous ime domain analysis of ineconneced powe sysem wihou any conolle & fequency bias seing. Case: Coninuous ime domain analysis of ineconneced powe sysem wih PIconolle of K i =.4 & fequency bias seing, B i =. Case3: Coninuous ime domain analysis of ineconneced powe sysem wih PIconolle of K i =.4 & fequency bias seing, B i =.45. Fig:(4) Fequency deviaion of woaea sysem wih B i = & K i = 3 Page

4 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: Fig:(5) Fequency deviaion of woaea sysem wih B i = & K i =.4 Fig: (6) Fequency deviaion of woaea sysem wih B i =.45 & K i =.4 Fig(7) ieline powe deviaion of wo aea sysem wih B i =.45 & K i =.4 V. OBSERVAION In his pape, he ineconneced woaea powe sysem heoy is sudied wih SIMULINK in coninuous domain. he fequency & ieline powe deviaion have been obseved fo he same sysem. Following poins ae obseved fom he SIMULINK esuls. Boh single aea & woaea sysems ae nonminimum phase sysem, which exhibis a high undeshoo nea a he oigin, fig.().. By obsevaion of fig.() & fig.(3), he seady sae eo is educed using convenional PIconolle bu i has no effec on ansien esponse of he sysem. 3. By obsevaion of fig.(3), seling ime of Non Rehea hemal & Rehea hemal sysem ae, especively, 7sec & sec, appoximaely, which shows ha ehea sysem has sluggish dynamic esponse compae o nonehea sysem. 4 Page

5 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: In compaison o he single aea sysem ineconneced powe sysem has less no. of oscillaion ha mae he sysem moe sable, efe o fig.(6). 5. In fig.(5), he sysem has high pea oveshoo which is highly minimized wih pope choice of fequency bias consain, B i as shown in fig.(6). 6. I is obseved fom fig.(7) ha ieline powe flow deviaes fom nominal seing, wih sudden load changes in boh he aea and i aes sec o sele down. 7. Fom he invesigaion caied ou in his pape, i is elevan ha PIconolle saegy offes amelioaed sysem dynamic pefomance compaed o Pconolle. VI. DEVELOPMEN / MODIFICAION SUGGESED o impove he sluggish esponse of he ehea cycle aea, we sugges he following impovemen o be done. his pape is compleely based on he sudy of dynamic pefomance of he sysem in C domain. Bu if he same sudy is done in D domain, by disceeziion of conolle signal fuhe impovemen of dynamic esponse is possible. Unde figue shows he suggesed model Fig: (8) Poposed bloc diagam in discee medium Fig: (9) Fequency deviaion of wo aea sysem wih B i =.45 & K i =.4 in Discee domain Fig: () Fequency deviaion of wo aea sysem wih B i =.45 & K i =.4 in Discee domain 5 Page

6 Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: Fig: (9) & () shows fequency deviaion of ineconneced powe sysem wih wo diffeen sampling imes. I is obseved ha if sampling ae is made high hen dynamic esponse analysis gives good esul as long as sysem sabiliy eained.. his pape compleely focused on he sudy of convenional PI conolle which exhibis poo dynamic pefomance due o paamees vaiaion and ohe conolle exhibis poo dynamic esponse due o paamee vaiaion and ohe sysem unceainies. If, PI conolle eplaced by some inelligen conolles, lie based on Fuzzy logic heoy, opimal conolle heoy ec, hen again fuhe impovemen of sysem esponse is possible. VII. CONCLUSION Wih he adven of new egulaion, (3 eleciciy ac) disibued & dispesed sysem geneaion ae ecommended and pefomed fo Naional Powe developmen. One of he main easons India should be able o achieve a smooh ansiion fom fossil fuel economy o susainable enewable enegy based economy fo susainable developmen which compiles (i) Enegy fo all (ii) Enegy fo eve (iii) Fo equiable (iv) Envionmen fiendly If above is available and possible we mus have a conol aea whee some unis will be having nonehea ubine (smalle aea) and ohe aeas (bigge aea) of ehea ype. Hence, his pape suggess disceizaion of he conol aea fo bee conol of sysem fequency & ieline powe flow. Appendix 6 Page

7 Appendix Numeical daa Inenaional Jounal of Moden Engineeing Reseach (IJMER) Vol.3, Issue., Jan.Feb. 3 pp7 ISSN: Sl. No. Noaions Full name Numeical value i Subscip efeing o aea i (i=,) P i Raing of ih geneao in MW 3 (o CH ) ubine ime consan in sec 4 ime consan speed goveno in sec ime consan & gain 5 K PS, PS of powe sysem, especively Rehea coefficien & 6 K, ime consan, especively 7 Synchonizing coefficien 8 R i.3 sec.8 sec, sec especively.5, sec especively.545. Goveno speed egulaion paamee in Hz pe p.u. MW 4 9 P ie Incemenal change in ieline powe F i Incemenal change in fequency deviaion P Di Incemenal change in load demand P Ci Incemenal change in speed goveno posiion 3 Y Ei Incemenal change in valve posiion Load fequency 4 D consan in p.u MW pe Hz (δp D /δf) 5 B i Fequency bias consan Nominal phase angle of 6 δ volages (δ = δ δ ) 7 K ii Inegaion ime consan.45.4 Refeences [] Pof J Nanda, D. M L Kohai, Sample daa AGC of Hydohemal sysem consideing GRC, IEEEans., Sepembe 5, 989 [] Pof. C S Indula, Analysis of MW fequency conol poblem using sampled daa heoy, IEEE ans., Januay, 99. [3] Pof. Pabha Kuma, Ibaheem, Dynamic pefomance evaluaion of aea ineconneced powe sysem a compaaive sudy, IEEEans, Augus 4, 996. [4] D..K.Sengupa, Sudies on assessmen of powe fequency in ineconneced gid is compue based conol & poecion, 8, hesis pape in JU. [5] Eleged, O.l., Eleic enegy sysem heoy an inoducion, second ediion, aa McGaw Hill. [6] Gainge, J, William,J & Sevenson, J Powe sysem analysis ediion 3, aa McGaw Hill. [7] Kohai, D.P, & Nagah, I.J., Powe sysem Engineeing, second ediion, aa McGaw Hill. 7 Page