H5b GA s Role in the Civil War Cloze Notes

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1 Union Blockade One of the North s (United States) important strategies to defeat the South (Confederate States of America) was a blockade. It affected GA s Atlantic Coast. The North s superior navy prevented the South from shipping cotton to England and France. The Union Blockade also prevented the South from receiving weapons and supplies. The blockade was also called the Anaconda Plan because it was designed to squeeze the life out of the slave states. Confederate Blockade Runners, private citizens evading the Union Blockade for inflated profits, were very successful until the North destroyed Fort Pulaski; then the North s Blockade effectively restricted Southern trade.

2 Emancipation Proclamation The Battle of Antietam took place in Maryland and was the bloodiest 1-day battle of the war. This battle became the platform for Abraham Lincoln releasing the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation, made in September 1862, would not take effect until January 1863 and would only free slaves in Confederate states. Lincoln calculated that the Emancipation Proclamation would discourage European Powers from helping the Confederate States of America (the South).

3 Chickamauga For 3 years of the Civil War, Georgia territory was not involved in war except at Fort Pulaski which allowed the Union Blockade to be more damaging to Southern trade. But at Chickamauga in 1863, 10 miles south of Chattanooga, the second bloodiest battle of the Civil War raged for 3 days. This battle was the largest ever fought in GA. This battle took place because the South was trying to stop the Union from capturing and controlling an important railroad center, Chattanooga.

4 Chickamauga The North wanted to use Chattanooga as a stepping stone to capture Atlanta, deep in Southern territory, the most significant railroad hub/center in the Southeast. The railroads were vital supply lines for both armies. The North Chickamauga. Later, the Union defeated the Confederacy at Chattanooga giving General William T. Sherman a base from which to capture Atlanta.

5 Atlanta Campaign When Sherman and his army set out for Atlanta in the spring of 1864, he intended to wreck enormous damage on the social, political, and economic life of the South. Significant battles took place at Dalton, Resaca, and Kennesaw Mountain. Sherman s army outnumbered the Southern army by nearly 2:1. After several battles around Atlanta at Peachtree Ridge and Ezra Church, Sherman bombarded Atlanta for over a month. Atlanta was mostly destroyed. Capturing Atlanta was a tipping point in the war, giving the war-weary North a boost to finish the war. Lincoln gained support politically and won presidential reelection in 1864.

6 March to the Sea Sherman s March to the Sea began mid-november 1864, and ended before Christmas with the capture of Savannah. The Union army left a 60-mile-wide path of destruction. They wrecked cotton gins and mills, warehouses and railroads. They intended to reduce the Confederacy to an enemy that would not rise again. The hard-war strategy led Savannah to surrender without a fight, hoping to avoid the destruction faced by Atlanta.

7 Andersonville A prisoner of war camp southwest of Macon, became a symbol of notorious mistreatment of Union soldiers by the Confederacy. Built to hold 10,000, but bursting with 30,000 prisoners that were ill fed, & supplied with fetid water, unchecked disease spread quickly, killing 13,000. At the war s end, the commander of the camp was executed for war crimes.