THE MARKET REVOLUTION AND AMERICA S REGIONAL IDENTITY ( )

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1 REGIONAL IDENTITY ( ) Industrial North Western Frontier Southern Agriculture THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

2 The Role of Transportation ( ) Native resistance slowed, but did not stop white expansion The Cumberland Road and the Erie Canal System promoted western migration This migratory surge helped transform the farm economy

3 Three streams of migrants went West ( ) New generations of New England farmers moved west into the Northwest territories of Ohio & Indiana Struggling Southern yeoman farmers moved west into Tennessee & Kentucky Some Slave-owning Southern planters moved into Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

4 Farmers adapt to Changing Times Northwestern farmers planted and exported Wheat to Eastern markets at lower prices New England farmers switched to high yield and nutritious Potatoes Farmers in all regions doubled their yields by rotating crops and using new farm machinery Yeoman farmers diversified by raising sheep and selling wool to textile manufacturers

5 THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

6 The Changing Landscape of the Market Revolution Decline of the Small Village Growth of Urban Centers Improved Standard of Living Overcrowding & Poor Sanitation THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

7 The Changing Economy of the Market Revolution Repetitive Cycles of Boom or Bust Decline in Agriculture -vs- Rise of Manufacturing Rise of Wage Dependency and Unions THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

8 The Changing Society of the Market Revolution Self Made Men Professional Craftsmen -vs- Industrialized Wage Workers Society Defined Women Unmarried Female Factory Workers -vs- Home bound Married Women Development of the Skilled Laborer Redefining the Roles of Women THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

9 The Changing Society of the Market Revolution Wealthy Businessmen /Professionals -vs- Simple Subsistence Farmers Widening Economic Inequalities Increased Gap between Rich & Poor THE RISE OF THE INDUSTRIAL NORTH

10 THE GROWTH OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

11 The Changing Landscape of the Market Revolution Decline of the Smaller Family Farms Rise of the Larger Cotton Plantations THE GROWTH OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

12 The Changing Economy of the Market Revolution Simple Subsistence Farming Plantations where Cotton was King Usually on Poorest land available Usually on Good Fertile Lands THE GROWTH OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

13 The Changing Economy of the Market Revolution Cotton Gin Revolutionized Cotton Production Cotton made up half of all U.S. Exports by 1820 Built on the Backs of 4 Million Slaves THE GROWTH OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

14 The Changing Society of the Market Revolution Poor Yeoman Farmers Wealthy Plantation Owner Considered Ignorant and Lazy Considered High & Mighty Widening Economic Inequalities Increased Gap between Rich & Poor THE GROWTH OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE

15 THE EXPANSION OF THE WEST

16 The Changing Landscape of the Market Revolution Frontier Homesteads in Kentucky and Tennessee The Rise of New Urban Centers along the Mississippi River THE EXPANSION OF THE WEST

17 The Changing Landscape of the Market Revolution The Santa Fe Trail (Established in 1821) The Oregon Trail (Established ) The Mormon Trail (Established in 1846) The California Trail (Established by 1847) New Trails are blazed across the Western Plains Using Conestoga Wagons

18 The Changing Economy of the Market Revolution Increased Trade along the Mississippi Increased Diversity on Midwestern Farms New Market Opportunities between the Eastern Merchants and the West THE EXPANSION OF THE WEST

19 The Changing Society of the Market Revolution Frontier Farmers River People Adventurers Western Pioneers Westerners tended to more Egalitarian: Believing that all people deserved Equal Rights and Opportunities in Life The West became more Socially, Politically, and Economically Equal THE EXPANSION OF THE WEST

20 Industrial North Western Frontier Southern Agriculture THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

21 The North and South Became vastly Different Regions The North had industrial factories, cities, paid immigrant workers, railroads, & larger population King Cotton had transformed the South into a rural region with slavery, little manufacturing, & few railroads THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

22 The North and South Became vastly Different Regions THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

23 Concerns over the Political Balance of Power Arose Slavery was outlawed in all western territories above the latitude of 36 30' 1819: U.S. was made up of 11 Free and 11 Slave States Maine broke from Massachusetts & became a free state Missouri became a slave state 1820: Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri Compromise THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

24 Economic Panic and the Demise of the Labor Unions The Tariff of 1828 and Changes in investing and banking between the U.S. and Great Britain significantly impacted the American Economy: The Panic of 1837 through the U.S. Economy into disarray: The price of raw cotton collapsed 6,000 wage workers in NYC lost their jobs By 1843: Prices had dropped 50% Unemployment was at 20% Unions had disappeared

25 The North and South Became divided by the Tariff Southerners argued that the Tariff of 1828 only benefited Northern Manufacturers President Andrew Jackson fought against the States Rights & Secession Issue John C. Calhoun of S.C. declared the Tariff of Abominations Null & Void THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.

26 Issues over Political Balance & Slavery Resurfaced The Mexican Cession of 1848 gave Southerners hope that slavery would spread to the Pacific Ocean The Wilmot Proviso was a failed attempt to resolve the Slavery issue in the new lands Texas was not annexed for Nine years because it would unbalance the number of free & slave states THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM IN THE U.S.