Oxygen Sensing in Tissues

Transcription

1

2 Helmut Acker (Editor) Oxygen Sensing in Tissues With 102 Figures and 16 Tables Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

3 Editor: Professor Dr. med. Helmut Acker Max-Planck-Institut für Systemphysiologie Rheinlanddamm 201, 4600 Dortmund, FRG ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Oxygen sensing in tissues / Helmut Acker, ed. Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN (U.S.) 1. Tissue respiration. 2. Oxygen-Metabolism. I. Acker, H. (Helmut), QPI '2-dcI This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduetion on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permilted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant proteetive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Typesetting: G.Appl, Wemding

4 Foreword Since oxygen is mainly transported by diffusion within tissue, the oxygen pressure field reflects the local balance between oxygen supply and oxygen consumption and characterizes the state of oxygen supply. Despite large physiological variations (e.g., hypo- and hyperoxia, hypo- and hypertension, change of energy demand), this oxygen pressure field can remain remarkably constant, demonstrating that very effective mechanisms must exist that guarantee the adequacy of oxygen supply. Today, it is possible to describe in detail the responsible effector mechanisms that produce such a stable state of oxygen supply, but our knowledge of the reactions that sense tissue oxygen supply and trigger the regulatory responses is still incomplete. Since such knowledge is essential for understanding the system of oxygen supply and the way in which it has developed during evolution, even small progress is important. In this book the important O2 sensor reactions are discussed as they occur in cells, organs, and organ systems. This broad approach gives an excellent picture of the actual state of knowledge in this field. Professor Dr. D. W. Lubbers

5 Contributors Acker, H. Max-Planck-Institut fur Systemphysiologie, Rheinlanddamm 201, 4600 Dortmund 1, FRG Bassenge, E. Institut fur Angewandte Physiologie der Universitat Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Stral3e 7, 7800 Freiburg, FRG Bingmann, D. Poliklinik fur zahnarztliche Chirurgie, Universitat Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 6500 Mainz, FRG Bauer, C. Physiologisches Institut, Universitat Zurich, Winterthurerstral3e 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Busse, R. Institut fur Angewandte Physiologie, Universitat Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Stral3e 7, 7800 Freiburg, FRG Delpiano, M.A. Max-Planck-Institut fur Systemphysiologie, Rheinlanddamm 201, 4600 Dortmund 1, FRG Deussen, A. Physiologisches Institut I, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstral3e 5, Drews, G. Institut fur Biologie II - Mikrobiologie, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestral3e 1, 7800 Freiburg, FRG Galle, J. Institut fur Angewandte Physiologie der Universitat Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Stral3e 7, 7800 Freiburg, FRG Gekeler, V. Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat Tubingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stral3e 4, 7400 Tubingen 1, FRG

6 VIII Contributors Grieshaber, M. K. Institut fur Zoologie, Lehrstuhl fur Tierphysiologie, UniversiHit Dusseldorf, Universitatsstral3e 1, de Groot, H. Institut fur Physiologische Chemie I, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstral3e 5, Grote, J. Physiologisches Institut, Universitat Bonn, Nul3allee 11, 5300 Bonn 1, FRG Heinle, H. Physiologisches Institut I, Universitat Tubingen, Gmelinstral3e 5, 7400 Tubingen 1, FRG Jelkmann, W. Institut fur Physiologie, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160,2400 Lubeck, FRG Knollmann, U. Institut fur Tierphysiologie, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, 4630 Bochum, FRG Kreutzer, U. Institut fur Zoologie, Lehrstuhl fur Tierphysiologie, Universitat Dusseldorf, Universitatsstral3e 1, Langer, H. Institut fur Tierphysiologie, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, 4630 Bochum, FRG Lehmenkuhler, A. Institut fur Physiologie, Universitat Munster, Robert-Koch-Stral3e 27 a, 4400 Munster, FRG Lipinski, H.G. Neurologische Klinik, Technische Universitat, Mohlstral3e 28, 8000 Munchen, FRG Littauer, A. Institut fur Physiologische Chemie I, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstral3e 5, Noll, T. Institut fur Physiologische Chemie I, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstral3e 5,

7 Contributors IX Pietruschka, F. Max-Planck-Institut fur Systemphysiologie, Rheinlanddamm 201, 4600 Dortmund 1, FRG Pohl, U. Institut fur Angewandte Physiologie, UniversiUit Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Stra13e 7, 7800 Freiburg, FRG Portner, H. O. Institut fur Zoologie, Lehrstuhl fur Tierphysiologie, UniversiUit Dusseldorf, Universitatsstra13e 1, Probst, H. Physiologisch-Chemisches Institut, Universitat Tubingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Stra13e 4, 7400 Tiibingen 1, FRG Rich, I. N. Abteilung fur Transfusionsmedizin, Universitat Ulm, DAK-Blutspendezentrale, Oberer Eselsberg, 7900 Ulm, FRG Schrader, J. Physiologisches Institut I, Universitat Dusseldorf, Moorenstra13e 5, Speckmann, E.-J. Institut fur Physiologie, Universitat Munster, Robert-Koch-Stra13e 27 a, 4400 Munster, FRG Siegel, G. Institut fur Physiologie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 1000 Berlin 33, FRG Wegener, G. Institut fur Zoologie, Universitat Mainz, Kerschensteiner Stra13e 3, 6500 Mainz 1, FRG Weiss, C. Institut fur Physiologie, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160,2400 Lubeck, FRG

8 Contents I. Metabolism Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Formation of the Bacterial Photosynthetic Apparatus (G. Drews) Oxygen Availability, Energy Metabolism, and Metabolic Rate in Invertebrates and Vertebrates (G. Wegener) Critical P02 of Euryoxic Animals (M.K.Grieshaber, U.Kreutzer, and H.O.portner) Metabolic and Pathological Aspects of Hypoxia in Liver Cells (H. de Groot, A. Littauer, and T. Noll) Possible Mechanisms of O2 Sensing in Different Cell Types (H. Acker) II. Cell Physiology Oxygen-Dependent Regulation of DNA Replication of Ehrlich Ascites Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (H. Probst and V. Gekeler) Metabolic Events that May Activate Erythropoietin Production in the Hypoxic Kidney (c. Bauer) Prostanoids and the Renal Response to Hypoxia (W.Jelkmann and C. Weiss) Oxygen Tension and Erythropoietin Production: The Role of the Macrophage in Regulating Erythropoiesis (I. N. Rich) Effect of Hypoxia on Ca2+ Influx and Catecholamine Synthesis in Chemosensitive Cells of the Carotid Body in Tissue Culture (F. Pietruschka)

9 XII Contents III. Heart and Circulation POrInduced Changes of Membrane Potential and Tension in Vascular Smooth Musculature (G. Siegel and J.Grote) Possible Function of Endothelial Cells as Oxygen Sensors (u. Pohl, R. Busse, J. Galle, and E. Bassenge) Influence of Oxidative Stress on Metabolic and Contractile Functions of Arterial Smooth Muscle (H. Heinle) Free Cytosolic Adenosine Sensitively Signals Myocardial Hypoxia (J. Schrader and A. Deussen) IV. Nervous Systems Changes of the Bioelectrical Activity and Extracellular Micromilieu in the Central Nervous System During Variations of Local Oxygen Pressure (E.-J. Speckmann, D. Bingmann, A. Lehmenkiihler, and H. G. Lipinski) Possible Meaning of Different Ionic Changes in the Carotid Body During Hypoxia (M. A. Delpiano) Oxygen and Glycolysis in the Retina of the Compound Eye of a Crab (H. Langer, M.Delpiano, U. Knollmann, and H. Acker) Subject Index