Translation Series N 2596

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1 FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD. OF CANADA Translation Series N 2596 Dark and light célls of the liver of some Pacific salmon by A. 4. Maximovich Original title: 0 temnykh i svetlykh kletkakh pecheni nekotorykh tekhookeanskikh lososei From: Nauchnye soobshcheniya Instituta biologii morya (Communications from the Institute for Marine Biology), (2) : , 1971 Translated by the Translation Bureau(JW) Foreign Languages Division Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Department of the Environment Fisheries Research Board of Canada Vancouver Laboratory Vancouver, B. C pages typescript

2 DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE TRANSLATION BUREAU MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION t ree e, ielree CANADA e`f) SECRETARIAT D'ÉTAT BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTILINGUES TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE Russian INTO - EN English AUTHOR - AUTEUR A.A.Maximovi.4ch TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS On the dark and light cells of the liver of some Pacific salmon TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS) TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS) 0 temnykh i svetlykh kletkakh pecheni nekotorykh tikhookeanskikh lososei REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS. RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÈRES ROMAINS. Nauchnye soobshcheniya Institut biologii morya REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS Communications from the Institute for Marine Biology PUBLISHER- ÉDITEUR PLACE OF PUBLICATION LIEU DE PUBLICATION Not given USSR YEAR ANNÉE /71 DATE OF PUBLICATION DATE DE PUBLICATION VOLUME MM. MOlo Be le/ ISSUE NO. NUMÉRO 2 PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS L'ORIGINAL NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES 6 REQUESTING DEPARTMENT MINISTÈRE-C LIENT Environment TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. I NOTRE DOSSIER NI) BRANCH OR DIVISION Fisheries Service (Office of Ed 1 DIRECTION OU DIVISION a T,ANSLATOR (INITIA LS) TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) JW PERSON REQUESTING Mr. John Camp (Scientific Documentation) LINEN?' D T'MN..ėLA;TM IDEMANDe PAR For irn an ion ortl i YOUR NUMBER TRADUCI. NON 12E'ina VOTRE DOSSIER N 0 Information seulement DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE II May/ M (VI E V. 2/68)

3 . / bef'artment OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE TRANSLATION BUREAU SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS MULTI.LINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION DIVISION DES SERVICES MULTILINGUES ^CLIENT S NO. D PARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCN DIVISION/DIRECTION NO DU CLIENT MINISTERE Fisheries Service Environment (Office of the Editor) BUREAU NO. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) NO OU BUREAU LANGUE Russian JW CITY VILLE Ottawa NIA^( COmmun i cati ons from the Institute of Marine Biology, issue No. 2, On the dark and light cells of the liver of some Pacific salmon U14C7tTrD TRANSLATION by For inform.a:ion Only A.A. Maximovi/ch TRADUCTION NON f'revlsce Inforthaiion seulement (The electron microscopy group) This paper présents the results of a study of liver cells of some i'acific salmon during various periods of their ontogenetic development, beginning with their immature stages and ending with their death after spawning. Our experimental specimens included the Pacific salmon species: humpback salmon (Oiicorhynchus gorbuscha), Siberian char (Salvelinus leucomaenis), and masu (Oncorhynchus formosanus) [ sic ]. Samples of liver tissue from the humpbacks were taken from 88 specimèns of both sexes during the period from June to Sept., , off the southwest coast of Sakhalin and in the spawning rivers of South Sakhalin. The samples were selected: 1) in the sea at the end of the feeding period during the 2--3rd stages of sexual maturity (1st period);' 2) in fresh water before spawning and during the spawn at the 4--5th stages of sexual SOS

4 2 maturity (II period); 3) at various times (from 2--3 days to two weeks) after spawning (III period). The liver of 12 specimens of Salvelinus leucomaenis of both sexes was taken during the 4th stage of sexual maturity in the spawning rivers of South Sakhalin. Several specimens of an immature dwarfed form of Oncorhynchus formosanus were caught on a line at the same place, and their liver was used for a morphological analysis. For the electron microscopic investigation we selected pieces of tissue from the same area of the liver, which were fixed either in a 4% solution of glutaric aldehyde at 0 C followed by a subsequent fixation in osmium, or in a 1% solution of osmium tetroxide at 0 C. After passing through a series of alcohols, the specimens were placed in araldite or epon in the usual way. Thin sections were examined and photographed with the electron microscopes JEM-5g and JEM-7. To find suitable cells for electron microscopic investigation, we used medium-thin sections of mu in thickness from blocks immersed in epoxy resins. These sections were stained with Toluidine Blue and pyronine and coated with Canadian balsam. The preparations were photographed with the NU Karl Zeiss microscopes MB 1-3 and MB 1-6. Liver cells which differed in optical density could be detected by the light as well as the electron microscope, regardless of the fixation method or coating material used. - In the dark cells, not only the cytoplasm but the nuclei as well appeared more dense. The dark cells almost always appeared to have a more angular outline; and the average size of the dark cells apparently is smaller than that of the light cells. There were also cells whose

5 3 density appeared to be,intermediate between that of the light and the. - ",Oncorhynchus gorbusha. During the firct stage of the spawning migrationthâ- ergastoplasmic ducts in the dark liver cells were arranged, closely togéther, so that : the light hyaloplasm was hardly visible, and itwas_pretïsély because_ of- this that the cytoplasm of such cells appeared dark: _ DurinÉ the second_ spawning stage the dark and light liver cells remained as ciosely connected as before, whereas between the plasmic membranes of the dark cells-there remained a glottis up to a width of ' 750 A.,-Sometimes the intercellular glottises widened to 5000 A, forming - - cavities WhiCh revealed, hand-like protuberances of the cellular membranes of the,dark'llver cellpid inclusions in the cytoplasm of the gorbusha Iiver2celIs'Were very.rara_during the secondd-spawning stage. At the same,.,, r ' '- time e bothehe'light and_dark cells contained ample deposits of glycogen.. -..AIeây in the first days after the spawn the liver cells of the gorbushà'atquired irregular, winding outlines; frequently narrow strains of cytoplasm Wedged in between adjoining cells. Such changes in form were most characteristic,of the dark cells. 1 --The intercellu1ar.space of the dark cells was considerably widened, so :that their plasmic membranes were divided by a glottis 1400 A in width; in several sections these glottises developed into vacuoles with a_diameter of up to 7000 A. Visible in the opening of such vacuoles were narrow serips of cytoplasm. The contact between the light cells as well_as between the light and the dark cells was as compact as before. In lysing cells the plasmic membrane completely dissolved, and the cell i).

6 s' 4 itself was replaced with a vacuole whose interior revealed remains of cellular organelles. It was usually the light cells'that underwent dissolution. The rough endoplasmic reticulum showed considerable damage especially in the light liver cells, whereas in the dark cells, even in the last stages after the spawn, parallel rows of membranes strewn with ribosomes were visible. - Salvelinus leucomaenis. The dark and light liver cells of the Siberian char.were similar to those of the gorbusha. There were also cells of intermediate electron density. As in the gorbusha, the outlines of the light liver cells of the Siberian char were regular and rounded, whereas the dark cells had a more angular form. The rough endoplasmic reticulum was as large and took up as much space in the cells of the Siberian char as in those of the gorbusha during the salt water stage of the spawning period. However, its structure differed in the dark, intermediate, and in the light cells. In the dark cells the cisternae of the granular reticulum resembled long, narrow ducts arranged in parallel rows; the space between the cisternae was less dense than the surrounding hyaloplasm. In the. intermediate cells the cisternae of the ergastoplasm were significantly wider and contained fibrous material of moderate density, but the hyaloplasm was dense as before. In the light cells the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are significantly widened; the gaps of the cisternae contained fibrous material of moderate electron density, and the density of the hyaloplasm hardly differed from that of the inner duct cavities of the ergastoplasm.

7 - rticui uir - 1 The elements Of thè Mooth ehdoplasmic reticnlul were monitored on t'ne reri7- - Tv cf c--- only occasionally -and 'S-Ithated on the pe -riphéiy of 'tlià- cytôl plasm near the cell behirahe:,,21 cle.velo: -red in t'ne ii,zht as well a The Golgi apphaths.ià well developed in the light as well as - conzains cisternse. vacuoles the dark liver cellà Of the -àpàining Cha, contains cisternae, vacuoles and vesiclesclosely Iinked With thimàtons Iysosomes. e char. ' Oncorhynchnâ ±OïàîoânIIS: AS the àorbusnà and the char; the - Ern -,, ver. the hiner elec:ron masu, too, had dark and ilght liver èèlià. However, the higher electron ' - ue no to rne density in the dark ri.ve délrà -. - f the Màsu is due noi to the tight rows of ergastoplasmic ducts ; kaiiiieh fill aimààt the entiîë cell in the gorhusha zre frroui-'. sr.: - and in the char, but to eéàeéï éléctriih dispersion b'y the ground sub- stance of the cytopiasm liya.16plasm). of,:alr.k live - in vcricr.:e. It is notable thât thê ilévélbpmént of aaik livei cells in various Acmr, :-= c - -- animais is usually lihkeà eit-hêï to expe rimentai damage to thià organ, or to processes of growth àhà Heene'ratiOn [ a?nearance or car - The appearance of dark n 4: lver cells in the liver appaï.ehtiy IS à àigii of greatér functr ionai iiver activîty. _ When damaging substancea aie present, a portion of the cells ceases to ca' - 's, The function, which tends tib EiVeload thé tédaining healthy cells. The same I-147 ccurs during the regelétâtifiî etoceàà after a paitiài hepatectomy. It is possible that undet thégé c8riaitibtig thé remaining healthy cells hegin to function under a spediai réemen, wheh Periods of heighten:eel activity rno-7nor - :: : alternate with periods Of -reiàeively teeicèd activity. The moîphologicai expression of such cyéiiéài âceivity is the appearance of dark and light liver cells and cells ititetffiediate between them. Àppàiently it là Ehe dark cells that are associated With the act- Ivé pea-0d f 2 1. However, this is a rather complex élilegtion and ità cplution will require furthe'r _- research. As regards the Migrâting gorbusha, we think the appearance 6f

8 ^3^:,^.....^... X>,.;^ 6 the dark and light liver cells can be explained on the basis of an, adaptive reaction occurring in the liver aimed at accommodating itself to conditions when circumstances require higher synthetic activity of its cells at a time when the food supply is inadequate. This is corroborated during the prespawning period when the difference between the dark and light cells is most prominent, when the structure of the cells responsible for the synthesis of protein are maximally hypertrophied and when there is no food intake from outside sources. Bibliography 1. Krymsky, L.D., et al. In the book: Regeneration and cell division. Moscow Sarkisov, D.S., et al. Arkh. pathol., _.,, _. : ^` ' 1. Kpi tnrcr:uir Jl. ^., Bnopuu G. B., fiou-aauoa K. B., psapaxoyou K. ti., Pyûerlxnii JI. C. u Ganur:on A. K B^cG.: Pereucpauun n h:^croyuoe.1e.lzuue. Al.: Caphucon j1. C., Kpr,ia,csuir Ji. A., 6oqaia11o13 K. B., BTroprnt 6. B. il j1,3apaxoxob K. H Apx. nato:r., 3: Bruni C. and Porter K. R %m. j. patbol., 46 : Franke I-1. and Goetze E. 1966: Acta biol. nied. Germ., 17: Kazuo M., Suzrrki T., Yasuda H. and Takaki F Jikeikai mcd. j.. S: GS. - 6: Sicincr`J.f\V.;`;,^àrruthcrs J:-S.. and_kalifat SL R. 1962). rxpcr, rnol-_it^i1 ol.,;._. : ,_ _ -_... ^.,^ ; _ : _-....: ?. Steiner J. W. and Baglio C. Al. 19 G3. Lab. incestig.;

FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 2056

i-mchives FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 2056 Principles of designing a two-stage fish pump. (from "Collected papers of young research workers") by M. M. Dokukin Original title: