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1 ANU
2 Global Solar Sales Industry doubling times 20 months 30 months Source: Photon International
3 Worldwide solar Severe industry shakeout ¾ of companies are folding PV production overcapacity of 2-3 X 4-fold reduction in price in 5 years Massive growth opportunities due to low price grid parity
4 ANU Long history since staff & PhD students (RSEng) + 8 (EME/RSPE) Applied and basic research 25 contractual partners External funding Current grants: $38M (80% comes to ANU) RQ from current grants (2012 ): $10M Royalties: $7M received
5 1. Silicon engineering: Fiacre Rougieux 2. Laser Technologies: Andreas Fell 3. Nanophotonics & Plasmonics: Niraj Lal 4. III-V solar cells: Sudha Mokkapati 5. Sliver solar cells: Evan Franklin 6. Back contact solar cells: Evan Franklin 7. Thin films: Andy Thomson 8. Micro modules & concentrators: Liz Thomsen 9. Solar Cooling: Mike Dennis 10. Hi-T thermal: John Pye
6 Silicon Engineering Fiacre Rougieux From silicon chunks ingots wafers Defects and impurities play a key role in cell performance About 8 staff and students source: pvcdrom.pveducation.org 6
7 Silicon Engineering Fiacre Rougieux Novel methods to study defects and impurities in silicon wafers Impact of impurities on solar cell performance Advance processing to remove or mitigate the impact of impurities 7
8 Laser Technologies Dr Andreas Fell Local doping / contact opening Typical high efficiency cell concept ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science 8
9 Laser Technologies Dr Andreas Fell Dry laser processes Laser Chemical Processing Arbitrary pulse shape and two wavelength option laser Arbitrary pulse shape and two wavelength option laser ANU College of Engineering and Computer Science 9
10 Plasmons Nanophotonics & Plasmonics Dr Niraj Lal
11 Nanophotonics & Plasmonics Dr Niraj Lal Surface Nanoparticles Nanostructures Any solar cell Gentle on surfaces Simple processing
12 Nanophotonics & Plasmonics Dr Niraj Lal tandem solar cell with silicon near field enhancement in top cell layer Catchpole Group MIT Technology Review s Top 10 emerging technologies 2010 News in Science and The Economist featuring Show on BBC Radio Naked Scientists Episode winner on ABC TV New Inventors
13 Light trapping for nanostructured III-V solar cells Dr Sudha Mokkapati 1 μm 1 μm 0 AFM and TEM images of quantum dots MOCVD reactor used for epitaxial growth 5 μm Quantum confined absorbers extend the photo-response of bulk solar cells Nanowire solar cells use less material than bulk solar cells
14 Light trapping for nanostructured III-V solar cells Dr Sudha Mokkapati Plasmonic structures Dielectric structures 500 nm 1 μm Incident light InGaAs QDs Ag plasmonic nanoparticles Substrate Plasmonics increase light emission/absorption through near-field effects/far-field scattering Dielectric gratings trap light and enhance long wavelength absorption in a QW solar cell
15 Sliver Solar Cells Evan Franklin ANU originated technology Long (5 10 cm long) Narrow (1-2 mm wide) Thin (20 60 μm thick) Flexible Bifacial Inherent high efficiency design Cell efficiencies > 20% in labs Diffusions more complex due to topology Cost competitive at module level 15
16 Sliver Solar Cells Evan Franklin $6m projects currently Demonstration of high voltage cells Development of new approach to Sliver formation Several project applications submitted Negotiations with Origin around more substantial ANU research activity, to position the technology for rapid commercialisation 16
17 Back Contact Cells Evan Franklin Back Contact Cells offer many advantages. no metal shading on front surface a higher metal coverage leading to lower resistive losses better surface passivation of sunward surface; improved rear optics and light trapping and simpler cell-interconnecting system 17
18 Back Contact Cells Evan Franklin ANU project developing high efficiency interdigitated back contact (IBC) cell. Joint project with Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) Trina Solar is commercial partner Renewed commercial interest of late in this technology (as lab concepts become industrially feasible) Various research institutes also developing IBC Industrial IBC cells will use some of the above Cell efficiency (%) 25 M3 M M Feb 11 May 11 Aug 11 Nov 11 Feb 12 May 12 Aug 12 Dec 12 Mar 13 SunPower (commercial) INES (small area) ISC large area),bosch (implant) Industry standard screen-print ANU IBC cell progress with selected recently reported reference points. 18
19 Thin-film coatings on silicon Dr Andrew Thomson Planar Texured Planar ARC Texured ARC e0.4 c n ta 0.3 c fle 0.2 e R Wavelength (nm) Anti-reflection / light trapping Surface passivation Improvement of bulk material Cost-effective implementation of efficient structures 19
20 ANU PowerFilm Voltaic Flexible Yes Yes No Area (m 2 ) Weight (g) Power (W) > Power to weight (W/kg) Micromodule Liz Thomsen Lightweight, powerful modules <
21 Micromodule Liz Thomsen Camouflage and reduction of glare Reducing glare For distances> 7m the cells and the background cannot be distinguished, and the color of the module will be a blend of the component s colors.
22 Microconcentrators Liz Thomsen Cooling water Solar cells
23 Microconcentrators Liz Thomsen
24 Solar Cooling Dr Mike Dennis Large impact on electricity grids Upgrades $6-10k/household Solar hybrids reduce costs Solar heating, cooling and hot water Improved hot and cold storage Solves solar intermittency issue
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