Thermal Insulation of Buildings (IIF)

Transcription

1 Thermal Insulation of Buildings (IIF)

2 MODERN SOCIETY EXPECTANCE OFFICE / RESIDENCE

3 ENVIRONMENT HEAT IMPACT ON BUILDING High ambient affects roof continuously with heat ingress High ambient heats up at least 2 walls facing afternoon sun Low ambient conditions always affects walls with cold ingress

4 EFFECT OF HEAT FROM ENVIRONMENT Keeps on increasing inside house temperature Inside temperature crosses outside (4-10 PM) Higher humidity & ambient conditions Unbearable oppressive climate inside Situation improves only after mid night Higher Air Conditioning Loads and increased running time of the Compressors Higher Energy cost EFFECT OF COLD Transmission of Cold during evening or during chilly wind environment Inside of house colder than outside

5 WHAT THERMAL INSULATION CAN DO Creates an envelope outside the building Stop heat / cold ingress from outside Maintains at least 8-9 degrees temp. difference Maintains controlled temp. for longer periods Human comfort High Quality of Life 5

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7 HEAT TRANSFER FROM HIGHER TO LOWER TEMPERATURE

8 WHAT THERMAL INSULATION CAN DO TYPICAL HOT SUMMER ROOF SITUATION DAYTIME AMBIENT TEMP. (DEG.C) WORKING FLOOR TEMP. (DEG.C) INSULATED ROOF WORKING FLOOR TEMP. (DEG.C) 10 AM 12PM PM -2PM PM-4PM PM-6PM Normal building with 150mm RCC, Water Proofed, Brick Wall Insulation : 50-75mm

9 THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS Buildings world over consume more than 40% of the Energy Generated followed by Industry(32%) and Transportation (28%) So any attempt to save Building Energy Consumption is beneficial 9

10 THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS Building Energy Consumption Air conditioning - 57 % Lighting - 22% Ventilation Fans - 16% Miscellaneous - 5% Thermal Insulation improves Air conditioning effectivity.

11 THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDINGS This major energy demand in a building is due to Building Envelope which contributes to 60-75% of heat gain / loss. Insulation of Building envelope (Roof & Wall) is a key factor to reduce heat gain / loss and reduce energy cost. Leed India & GRIHA advocate Building Envelope Insulation. Insulation of Roof & Wall reduces air conditioning load, electricity consumption. High Quality of Life

12 Insulation materials as per ECBC context Fibrous Rigid Flexible* Rockwool Insulation Rigid polyurethane foam Nitrile Rubber Glass wool Insulation Rigid Poly Isocyanurate foam Cross linked polyethylene Sprayed rigid polyurethane foam Expanded polyethylene Extruded polystyrene foam Expanded polystyrene foam Phenolic foam *Flexible Insulation: They are non-fibrous rubber or thermoplastic material in nature which are easily shaped to any design or geometry and predominantly used in HVAC.

13 Scope of Insulation in Buildings Roof Insulation Underdeck Overdeck Wall Insulation External Internal

14 Scope of Insulation in Buildings Source : ECBC User guide

15 Source : ECBC User guide Climate Zone Map of India

16 Climate Zone Description Summer Midday ( High) Mean Temperature ( C) Summe Winter Winter r Night Midday Night (Low) (High) (Low) Diurnal Variation Mean Relative Humidit y Annual Precipitatio n Sky Condition s Places Hot and Dry High Temperature, Low Humidity and rainfall, Intense solar radiation and a generally clear sky, Hot winds during the day and cool winds 40 to 45 at night, Sandy or 20 to 30 5 to 25 0 to to 20 rocky ground with little vegetation, Low underground water table and few sources of surface water Very Low< Low mm/yr 40% Rajasthan, Cloudless Gujarat, skies with Western high solar Madha radiation, Pradesh, causing Central glare. Maharashtr a etc.

17 Climate Zone Description Summer Midday ( High) Mean Temperature ( C) Summe Winter Winter r Night Midday Night (Low) (High) (Low) Diurnal Variation Mean Relative Humidit y Annual Precipitatio n Sky Condition s Places Warm and Humid Temperature is moderately high during day and night, Very high humidity and rainfall, diffused solar radiation if cloud cover is high and intense if 30 to 35 sky is clear, clam to 25 to to to 25 5 to 8 very high winds from prevailing wind directions, abundant vegetation, provision for drainage of water is required. High 70 to 90% High > 1200 mm/yr Overcast (cloud cover ranging between 40 and 80%) causing unpleasan t glare. Kerala, Tamilnadu, Coastal Parts of Orrisa and Andhra pradesh.

18 Climate Zone Temperate Cold (Sunny / Cloudy) Description Summer Midday ( High) Mean Temperature ( C) Summe Winter Winter r Night Midday Night (Low) (High) (Low) Diurnal Variation Moderate Temperature, Moderate humidity and rainfall, Solar Radiation same throughout the year and sky is generally clear, 30 to to to to 18 8 o 13 High winds during summer depending on topography, hilly or high plateau region with abundant vegetation. Summer Temperature and very low in winter, Low humidity in cold/sunny high humidity in cold /cloudy, High solar 17 to 24/20 4 to 11/17 ( -7) to 8 / radiation in cold/sunny and to 30 to 21 4 to 8 low in cold/cloudy, cold winds in winter, very little vegetation in cold/sunny and abundant vegetation in cold/cloudy. ( -14) to 25 to 25/5 0/ (-3) to to 15 4 Mean Relative Humidity High 60 to 85% Low: 10-50%/ High 70-80% Annual Precipitatio n High > 1000 mm/tr Low: < 200mm/yr/ Moderate 1000mm/yr Sky Condition s Mainly clear,occasi onally overcast with dense low clouds insmmer Clear with cloud cover< 50%/ Overcast for most of the year. Places Bangalore, Goa and parts of the Deccan Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttranchal, Sikkam, Arunachal Pradesh

19 Climate Zone Composite Summer Description Midday ( High) This applies when 6 months or more do not fall within any of the above categories, High temperature in summer and cold in winter, Low humidity in summer and high in monsoon, High direct solar radiation in all seasons except monsoon high diffused radiation, Occasional hazy Hot Winds in summer, cold winds in winter and strong wind in monsoons, variable landscape and seasonal vegetation. Mean Temperature ( C) Summe Winter Winter r Night Midday Night (Low) (High) (Low) Diurnal Variation 32 to to to 25 4 to to 22 Mean Relative Humidit y Variable Dry periods = 20-50% Wet Periods = 50-95% Annual Precipitatio n Variable mm/yr during monson reaching 250mm in the wettest month. Sky Condition s Variable Overcast and dull in the monsoon. Places Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, madhya Pradesh etc,

20 City Climate Zone City Climate Zone Ahmedabad Hot & Dry Kota Hot & Dry Allahabad Composite Kurnool warm& Humid Amritsar Composite Lucknow Composite Aurangabad Hot & Dry Madras warm& Humid Bangalore Temperate Manglore warm& Humid Barmer Hot & Dry Mumbai warm& Humid Belgaum Warm & Humid Nagpur Composite Bhagalpur Warm & Humid Nellore warm& Humid Bhopal Composite New Delhi Composite Bhubaneshwar Warm & Humid Panjim warm& Humid Bikaner Hot & Dry Patna Composite Calcutta Warm & Humid Pune warm& Humid Chitradurga Warm & Humid Raipur Composite Dehradun Composite Rajkot Composite

21 City Climate Zone City Climate Zone Dibrugarh Warm & Humid Ramgundam warm& Humid Gauhati Cold Ranchi Composite Gorakhpur Composite Ratnagiri warm& Humid Gwalior Composite Raxaul warm& Humid Hissar Composite Saharanpur Composite Hyderabad Composite Shillong warm& Humid Imphal Warm & Humid Sholapur Hot & Dry Indore Composite SunderNagar cold Jabalpur Composite Surat Hot & Dry Jagdelpur Warm & Humid Tezpur warm& Humid Jaipur Composite Tirucchirapali warm& Humid Jaisalmer Hot & Dry Trivandrum warm& Humid Jamnagar Warm & Humid Tuticorin warm& Humid Jodhpur Hot & Dry Veraval warm& Humid Jorhat warm& Humid Vishakhapatnam warm& Humid

22 ROOF ASSEMBLY

23 WALL ASSEMBLY

24 BUILDING INSULATION 1. OVERDECK ROOF INSULATION a. Rigid board slab insulation 1. Roof slab should be totally dried and free from all protrusions and depressions and should have proper sloped for free flow of water (1:100). 2. Providing suitable waterproofing over the Sloping screed 3. Providing and laying specified thickness of RIGID FOAM INSULATION SLAB/BOARD of minimum 32-40±2Kg/m3 density.(the Rigid foam Insulation slab/board can be fixed with suitable adhesive like Hot Bitumen or CPRX compound as OPTIONAL) 4. Providing and laying min. 150 gms Geo Textile membrane or 400g polythene sheet over the fixed INSULATION Slab/BOARD, for the protection and as separation layer. 5. Providing and laying over the Polythene sheet/geo-textile membrane in slope gradient min.40mm thick PCC(1:2:4)in chequered 2.5mtr x 2.5mtr panels, reinforced with welded mesh of 75mm x 75mm x1.5mm embedded in between. 6. Sealing all joints between panels with polymerized mastic. 7. Final finish as per specs or engineer in-charge.

25 BUILDING INSULATION

26 BUILDING INSULATION 1. OVERDECK ROOF INSULATION b. Sprayed Rigid Insulation 1. Roof slab should be totally dried and free from all protrusions and depressions and should have proper sloped for free flow of water (1:100). 2. Cleaning the surface properly with wire brushes manually. 3. Providing and applying a coat of Polyurethane primer at entire roof 6-8 Sqm/Ltr. 4. Providing and applying desired thickness of closed cell sprayed rigid PUF insulation foam of 42±2Kg/m3 density conforming to IS Pt.III with Graco/Gusmer machine. to form a monolithic jointless treatment overdeck insulation of desired density of insulation. The sprayed foam adheres instantly to the roof surface and form a composite system. 5. Providing and laying min.120 gsm Geo Textile membrane or 400g polythene sheet over the layed Sprayed foam insulation, for protection and as separation layer. 6. Providing and laying in slope gradient min.40mm thick PCC(1:2:4)in chequered 2.5mtr x2.5mtr panels, reinforced with welded mesh of 75mm x 75mm x1.5mm embedded in between over the Polythene sheet/geo-textile membrane. 7. Sealing all joints between panels with polymerized mastic. 8. Providing suitable waterproofing treatment. 9. Final top finish as per specs or Engineer in-charge.

27 BUILDING INSULATION

28 BUILDING INSULATION UNDERDECK ROOF INSULATION a) Fibrous Insulation 1. Clean the surface thoroughly with wire brush to free it from dust and chippings. 2. Providing and fixing M.S. cleats of suitable to the ceiling at 1mtr x 1/2mtr. C/C with help of dash fasteners. 3. Providing & fixing DESIRED THICKNESS of FIBROUS INSULATION of minimum Kg / m3 density encased in 200g polythene sheet or one side laminated with Al.foil. 4. All joints to be sealed with adhesive tape/aluminium tape and held tightly in position with the help of criss cross GI lacing wire and further installing the same in 24 G x 3/4 hexagonal wire netting. 5. The joints of the wire netting shall be butted and stitched with GI lacing wire. 6. Final finish as per specs or engineer in charge

29 BUILDING INSULATION ROOF UNDERDECK INSULATION WITH FIBROUS INSULATION

30 BUILDING INSULATION UNDERDECK ROOF INSULATION b) Rigid Insulation 1. Drilling & making holes on R.C.C slab at 1mtr X 0.5mtr C/C size panels. 2. Entire R.C.C surface shall be thoroughly cleaned of all dust, dirt and loose particles by wire brushing. 3. Providing and applying a coat of bituminous primer to the bare R.C.C. ceiling and allow it to dry 4. Providing and Applying cold adhesive to the underside of R.C.C. ceiling as well as to one side of surface & sides of each RIGID INSULATION SLAB/BOARD of density minimum 32-36±2Kg/m3 and press it in position & holding it with the help of screws and washers back to the RIGID INSULATION SLAB/BOARD and press it in position with the help of screws and washers inserted inside the rawl plugs. 5. Butt the joints will together symmetrically and joints sealed with 75mm wide aluminum tape. 6. Providing and fixing chicken wire mesh 24G x 3/4 to the GI screw and tightening the same with lacing wire. 7. Final finish as per specification or engineer-in-charge.

31 BUILDING INSULATION

32 BUILDING INSULATION CAVITY WALL INSULATION a) Spray in-situ Insulation 1. Providing hole with drilling machine on the inner wall at 100mm distance from the edges and thereafter at every approx. 600mm c/c in stagger form starting from bottom to top. 2. Providing and filling through these hole with in-situ pouring of closed cell POLYURETHANE FOAM (CFC FREE) IN THE CAVITY WITH GUSMER/GRACO MACHINE CONFORMING TO IS: 13205, DENSITY OF FOAM SHALL BE 40±2KG/M3.The foam adheres instantly to the wall surface on both sides and has a free rise filling the gap/cavity. 3. The pouring/ in-situ Lloydfoam polyurethane foam insulation would start from the bottom and proceeding up. 4. Finally the hole will be plugged with cement mortar or as per specs

33 BUILDING INSULATION

34 BUILDING INSULATION CAVITY WALL INSULATION b) Fibrous Insulation 1. Providing and fixing, DESIRED THICKNESS of FIBROUS INSULATION of minimum 32-96Kg/m3 density encased/wrapped in polythene sheet/bag of 200 gauge, to the wall in staggered form using fasteners one each at corners 100mm away from edges and one at Centre. 2. Providing and holding the fibrous insulation in position with criss cross lacing wire secured with the earlier fixed fasteners. 3. Finally finishing it with another Brick wall duly plastered and finish smooth.

35 BUILDING INSULATION

36 BUILDING INSULATION CAVITY WALL INSULATION c) Rigid Insulation 1. Providing a coat of bitumen or old CPRX compound on inner side of the wall. 2. Providing and fixing, DESIRED THICKNESS of RIGID INSULATION of minimum 32-40Kg/m3 density to the wall in staggered form using fasteners one each at corners 100mm away from edges and one at Centre. 3. Finally finishing it with another Brick wall duly plastered and finish smooth.

37 BUILDING INSULATION

38 BUILDING INSULATION EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION a) Fibrous Insulation Dry stone cladding/spandrel 1. Providing and fixing DESIRED THICKNESS of FIBRIOUS INSULATION of minimum 32-96Kg/m3 density encased/wrapped in polythene sheet/bag of 200G or one side laminated with Al.foil in the existing wall with the help of fasteners provided at one each at the corner 100mm away from the edge and one at center. 2. Providing and holding the fibrous insulation in position with criss cross Gl lacing wire secured with the earlier fixed fastener. 3. Insulation is can be sandwiched between wall & dry stone cladding or Aluminium cladding etc as per specs or engineer-in-charge.

39 BUILDING INSULATION

40 BUILDING INSULATION EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION b) Rigid Insulation 1. Providing a coat of bitumen or old CPRX compound on to the existing smooth wall. 2. Providing and fixing, DESIRED THICKNESS of RIGID INSULATION of minimum 32-36±2Kg/m3 density to the wall in staggered form using fasteners one each at corners 100mm away from edges and one at Centre. 3. Insulation is can be sandwiched between wall & dry stone cladding or Aluminium cladding etc. as per specs or engineer in charge.

41 BUILDING INSULATION

42 BUILDING INSULATION EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION c) Rigid Insulation 1. Providing and patch applying polymerized cementations based adhesive plaster to the back of the RIGID INSULATION of minimum 32-36±2Kg/m3 density & sticking the same to the existing plastered /smooth brick walls and holding it with insulation fasteners one each at corner. 2. Providing and applying cementations base coat of 1-2 mm over the RIGID INSULATION 3. Providing & fixing glass fiber mesh as reinforcement over the base coat followed by polymerized cementations based top coat plaster of 1-2 mm. 4. The top coat can be finally finished with any paint of choice (As per specs).

43 BUILDING INSULATION External Wall Thermal Insulation System

44 BUILDING INSULATION EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION d) Spray Cast in Situ 1. Providing and applying directly SPRAY INSULATION on the clean wall having minimum 40±2Kg/m3 density in multiple passes to achieve the specified thickness. 2. Providing and applying cementations base coat over the sprayed RIGID INSULATION 3. Providing & fixing glass fiber mesh as reinforcement over the base coat followed by polymerized cementations based top coat plaster of 1-2 mm. 4. The top coat can be finally finished with any paint of choice (As per specs)

45 BUILDING INSULATION EXTERNAL WALL INSULATION WITH PU SPRAY

46 BUILDING INSULATION INTERNAL WALL INSULATION Fibrous Insulation 1. Providing and fixing suitable wall GI channel of suitable size and thickness to the brick / RCC walls with dash fasteners. 2. Providing and fixing FIBROUS INSULATION of minimum 32-96Kg/m3 between the channels with the help of fasteners and holding it in place with GI lacing wire. 3. Providing and fixing desired thickness Gypsum/Cement fibre/ply board with drywall screws at 300 mm c/c. ensuring proper jointing and finished to have a flush look which includes filling and finishing the tapered or square edges of boards with jointing compound and joint paper tape. 4. Finally providing two coats of top coat as a primer over the entire surface which can be finished with paint or wall papers or any other texture finish.

47 BUILDING INSULATION INTERNAL WALL INSULATION WITH FIBROUS INSULATION

48 BUILDING INSULATION PARTITION WALL INSULATION Fibrous Insulation 1. Providing internal wall partition framework of GI channel of suitable size and thickness. 2. Providing and fixing FIBROUS INSULATION of minimum 32-96Kg/m3 between the partition framework and holding it in place with GI lacing wire. 3. Providing and fixing on both side Gypsum/Cement fiber/ply board in staggered form with drywall screws at 300 mm c/c. ensuring proper jointing and finished to have a flush look which includes filling and finishing the tapered or square edges of boards with jointing compound and joint paper tape. 4. Finally providing two coats of top coat as a primer over the entire surface which can be finished with paint or wall papers or any other texture finish.

49 BUILDING INSULATION PARTITION WALL INSULATION WITH FIBROUS INSULATION

50 INSULATION OF BUILDINGS Typical Industry Practice Part of civil contract Last item in building construction Usually no approved list of manufacturers & applicator or turnkey Insulation usually not considered a specialized activity Sometimes material purchased and applied by civil masons Not properly stored at site leading to damages Petty contractors does the insulation job, specs. not followed. Job given to water proofing contractors.

51 INSULATION OF BUILDINGS Typical Industry Practice Last minute order finalization Payment issues Financial pressure of civil contractor budget constraint Time pressure to availability and completion Time pressure leads to specs. compromise Work quantity reduced or even short closed contract. Financial loss to insulation vendor Growth of insulation sector hardly any

52 INSULATION OF BUILDINGS Remedial Measures / Corrections Required Insulation to be made mandatory preferably, highlighting benefits Contracts to include approved vendor list Contractors to mention name of vendor while bidding Sufficient time to be provided for job execution Client / authority to ensure no reduction in scope quantity. If contractor do not perform client /authority to get job done directly. Sample testing mandatory from authorized labs. Municipality clearance only after completion of insulation work. We would like to understand International practice.

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