REDD+ Policy and Implementation in Indonesia: a review. Daniel Murdiyarso
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1 REDD+ Policy and Implementation in Indonesia: a review Daniel Murdiyarso
2 Outline Long history of forest governance system REDD+: a steep learning curve A landscape approach MRV and FREL: maintaining credibility Wetlands for CC mitigation: assessing emission factors (EF) Key messages
3 Long history of forest governance Centralized, legally guided by national Law over resources, permitting and licensing procedures Goods oriented rather than services climate change was never in the agenda Decentralized authorities with limited capacities Leaving huge gaps in a lot of fronts
4 A steep learning curve Underlying causes of DD Consultation processes Institutional capacity building IFCA/WB-FCPF Demonstration Activities REL/RL (technical) Safeguards KFCP/UN-REDD National REDD+ Strategy Pilot Province REDD+ Agency MRV and Financial Instrument NICFI and beyond
5 Agricultural develoment Wijaya et al. Forthcoming
6 Oil palm growth Murdiyarso et al. PNAS, 2010
7 REDD+ strategy: a landscape approach REDD+ Task Force, 2012
8 M R MRV system: maintaining credibility V Validation IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF activities Publish data (area, biomass data, carbon density) Describe methodologies (measurements in 5 pools, use model Include all greenhouse gases (CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4 ) Document QA/QC procedures IPCC Reporting Principle managed uncertainties Consistency Transparency Comparability Completeness Accuracy Project development phase Estimation of future GHG emissions reductions to be achieved Use models (historical trend, numeric, economic) Verification Project monitoring phase Confirmation of actual GHG emission reductions achieved during crediting period Compare between estimations and observations
9 Mha/year Steep decline: what s driving? REDD+ Task Force, 2012
10 Deforestation: definition matters Hansen et al., Science 2013
11 Setting REL/RL for crediting REDD+ Angelsen et al., 2012
12 RL/REL stepwise approach: Implications for SK. 633/Menhut- II/2014 Herold et al., 2013
13 RL/REL stepwise approach: Implications for SK. 633/Menhut- II/2014 Herold et al,. 2013
14 Nesting sub national projects Market or fund CO 2-eq Verified reports Stream of fund Reporting Carbon Social Biodiversity National MRV Aggregate Province MRV Aggregate Benefit sharing Technical Administrative Financial Project Project Project MRV MRV MRV
15 Potential REDD+ projects LF/HD Ketapang/FFI/Kalbar Kapuas Hulu /FORCLIME/Kalbar Kapuas Hulu/FFI/Kalbar Sentarum/FFI/Kalbar Lamandau/YAYORIN-RARE/Kalteng Rimba Raya/RRC-Infinite Earth/Kalteng Katingan/RMU-Starling Resources/Kalteng Sebangau/WWF/Kalteng KFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Kalteng Heart of Borneo/WWF/Kalteng Kutai Barat/WWF/Kaltim Kutai-Malinau/Global Green/Kaltim RHOI/BOS/Kaltim Malinau/GER/Kaltim Malinau/FORCLIME/Kaltim Berau Forest Carbon/TNC/Kaltim Berau/FORCLIME/Kaltim HF/HD Mamuju/Inhutani/SulBar TN Lore Lindu/UNREDD-MoFo/Sulteng SM Nantu/YANI/Gorontalo Poigar/ONF/Sulut HF/LD LF/LD Merang/GiZ/Sumsel Berbak/ZSL/Jambi SFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Jambi Kampar Ring/APRIL/Riau Tesso Nilo/WWF/Riau Siberut/Global Green/Sumbar Leuser/YLI/Aceh Ulu Masen/Aceh Green/Aceh Lombok/KOICA-MoFo/NTB TN Meru Betiri/ITTO-MoFo/Jatim Biak-Rumfor/Emerald Planet Mamberamo/New Forest Merauke-Mappi-Asmat/WWF Jayapura/WWF TEBE Project/YTM-AusAID/NTB
16 RI-9/11 sub national level: Implications for Law No. 23/2014 First, Central Kalimantan Inclusive MRV (simple, robust, replicable, and responsive to actual change) Accurate MRV Eight other provinces REDD+ Task Force, 2012
17 Further division: C.Kal-14 REDD+ Task Force, 2012
18 Indonesia s wetlands Area 1980: 4.2 Mha (FAO 2007) 2000: 3.1 Mha 52,000 ha/yr 2005: 2.9 Mha (FAO, 2007) 1.4% 2009: 2.6 Mha (MoF, 2009) Mangrove loss 6% of the total forest loss Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 Mg C ha 1 Soil (78%) Biomass (20%) Necromass (2%) Total stocks: 3.14 Pg C Mitigation potentials 0.19 Pg CO 2-eq yr -1 (20%) of land-based emissions Murdiyarso et al (In review)
19 Indo-Pacific region (30 o Lat, 73 o Long) Indonesian archipelago Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011)
20 Two approaches Stock change C stocks in vegetation: Straightforward and relatively inexpensive Flux change Ecosystem GHG Meteorological techniques: Expensive and sophisticated Peat C stocks: High spatial variability, sampling to mineral soil: Rarely suitable C transfer into and out of peat: Feasible Litter fall Heterotrophic soil respiration Peat Root mortality Dissolved organic C
21 National Communication 1. Introduction 2. Drained Inland Organic Soils 3. Rewetted Organic Soils 4. Coastal Wetlands 5. Inland Wetland Organic Soils 6. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment 7. Cross-cutting Issues and Reporting
22 Key messages A landscape approach and jurisdictional REDD+ implementation is more attractive GHG emissions reduction from sources and removals from sinks with IPCC Guidelines will ensure credibility Nested-approach for MRV-payment may be viable
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