Airship-based LiDAR and multi-sensor forest monitoring

Transcription

1 Airship-based LiDAR and multi-sensor forest monitoring S. Esposito, P. Fallavollita, M. Balsi, R. Tognetti, M. Marchetti COST WORKSHOP Green Engineering Camp ( GEC) Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia 2-6, July salvatore.esposito@uniroma1.it

2 About Us (1/4): DIET Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications ( La Sapienza University of Rome) Research activity at DIET is carried out by several groups on several lines related to the following scientific areas: Electronics Electromagnetics Communications Remote Sensing Electronics and Computer Bioengineering Electrotechnics Pagina 2

3 About Us (2/4): Oben s.r.l. Private Enterprise Academic spin-off of University of Sassari (2010) Mission: providing services based on UAVs (aerial survey, photogrammetry, ect..); design of embedded systems; COMSOL partner for simulating complex and heterogeneous physical systems www. oben.it Pagina 3

4 About Us (3/4): EcoGeoFor Lab Research The EcoGeoFor fields are: Lab is an applied research Remote unit of the sensing University and GIS, of Molise. forest mapping and inventories, forest planning, biodiversity conservation, biomass and bioenergy, dendroecology, phytoremediation, global change monitoring. Pagina 4

5 About Us (4/4): Forestlab Centre s.r.l. Private Enterprise Academic spin-off of University of Molise (2005) The multidisciplinary Mission: organisation of the team is ecology aimed to address global change issues in mountain natural resources, mainly regions in by the planning fields of silviculture, integrated research strategies. monitoring and management of forest ecosystems and forest management, forest inventory, protected areas management, forest fires, geomatics and remote sensing. Pagina 5

6 The GOAL : THE " " TARGETS Sustainable future for Europe with a low CO 2 emissions and energy efficiency. The climate and energy targets to be met by 2020 are: A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels 20% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, to be achieved by improving energy efficiency. Pagina 6

7 The TOOLS: REducing Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) REDD+ is will goes anrequire effort beyond tothe create full deforestation engagement a financial value and respect forest the carbon degradation, for the rights storedand of in Indigenous includes forests, the Peoples offering role of and incentives conservation, other forest- developing sustainable dependent communities. management countries to reduce of forests emissions and enhancement from forested of lands forest carbon and invest stocks. in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. Pagina 7

8 The Problem Forest biomass estimation is currently based on costly ground based measurement campaigns (forest inventories) Marginally supported by remote-sensing data, today limited to traditional aerial photogrammetry and multi-spectral satellite imaging: estimate the extension of forest cover, non structural and biometrical (growth and yield) parameters Pagina 8

9 Country Italy Spain Our Idea (1/2) LiDAR Application Archaeology Soil protection activities Biomass Estimation Leaf Area Index (LAI) Finland Analysis of ice thickness in polar area Borneo Biomass Estimation Airborne LiDARs have already proved very useful for diverse survey purposes (e.g. DTM, hydrogeological risk assessment, archaeological search and documentation) and specifically in forestry Pagina 9

10 Our Idea (2/2) Identify the right UAV solution: Payload constrain Cruising range Identify a LIDAR solution: lightweight (available on the market) multiple returns Pagina 10

11 The Project : UAV Solution (1/2) Designed by Oben srl Lenght : 10m Diameter : 2.5m Volume: 35m 3 Gas: Helium Propulsion : 2 gasoline engine propellers, two-cycle, air cooled, 6 HP each Flight surfaces: 2 rudders, 2 elevator, Vector Thrust by engine tilting (0-120 ) Cruising/Max Speed: 25/40 knots Payload: 15 kg Range Altitude: 1000 m Fuel Tank: 12 gasoline liters Cruising range: 4(@15kg)/6(@ 10kg) hours Max operating wind: 11 knots Auto and hand piloted Pagina 11

12 The Project : UAV Solution (2/2) Pagina 12

13 The Project : LIDAR Solution(1/2) Altitude For Processing fixed swath multiple width echoes and altitude, we have reducing able to obtain the speed we Digital increase Elevation the resolution Model (DEM) It is evident that using UAV, we are able to obtain cruising speed lower than cruising speed of typical aerial vehicle (used for the same applications). Pagina 13

14 The Project : LIDAR Solution(2/2) 3D Laser Laser Scanner; 3D Scanner; Laser Scanner; Scanning Angle: Angle: H. H V. V (+10 /-30 ) (+60 /-40 ); Maximum Scanning Maximum Operative Angle: Operative Distance: H. 360 Distance: 70m V m Frequency Maximum (max): Operative (max): points/sec Distance: ; 120m ; Multi-target: Frequency Multi-target No; (max): points/sec ; Multi-target: : Yes; No; Precision Accuracy :< Error : 5mm 2cm : +/-(@ (1 sigma 2mm (@ 25m) 100m) 25m) ; ; Weight: < Weight: 9.8kg; 2 Dimension: 5 kg; Dimension: 15height Dimension: 30,8height x 8,64diameter 24 x x x diameter (cm) 10 cm (cm) Cost: Cost: 50 Cost: 90k ; link: 35 k ; Link: Link: ntent=pro&item=5 Pagina 14

15 The Project : LOGICAL Framework Summary of Objectives/ Activities Indicators Verification Assumptions Goal/Objectives Biomass Estimation Purpose/Project Economically sustainable solutions for development and deployment of efficient systems for the estimation of forest biomass Outputs/Results 1. Remote Sensing Using UAV systems 2. Estimation of forest biomass using UAVs Inputs/Activities 1. Defining flight strategies for UAV; 2. Adapting/Developing UAV platform for carrying LIDAR; 3. Adapting/Developing UAV platform for carrying infrared camera for index vegetation estimation; 4. Developing and optimizing techniques for biomass estimation from LiDAR data, possibly fused with airborne IR data, hyperspectral satellite data, and SAR data. Operative Cost of UAV mission for the estimation of forest biomass; N. Scientific Papers; N. Commercial Agreement; N. of Public Financing; N. test flight; Analysis LIDAR image; Analysis infrared image; Business Model Flight permission for UAVs Scientific Papers; Commercial Agreement Public Financing Internal Report; DEM, DTM of Flight permission for UAVs Pagina 15 of of the observed area; Scientific Papers; Internal Report; DEM, DTM of test site; Test site Experimentation Test site available;

16 The Project : SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses UAV airship permits relatively low-cost LiDAR scans that yield very accurate measurements (individual trees count and tallness) on relatively large areas. Flight permission may be an issue. In some areas, security of operators and equipment is also at risk, because of social/political situation. Opportunities Proponents have a suitable operational airship, controlled by autopilot, and real-time data relays, that very few enterprises worldwide can deploy immediately. Threats Technology is not completely mature. Funding is strongly dependable on public administrations commitment, with a significant share of political choices involved. Pagina 16

17 The Project : Tasks DIET will provide technical support about the following Forestlab EcoGeoForLab tasks: will provide technical support about the Oben following Definition s.r.l. Centre tasks: will provide will provide of the technical technical technical specification support support about about for the the following on board following tasks: Data instrumentation; tasks: Maps Analysis UAV-airship generation Definition Data acquisition of flight new from procedure management the on-board for biomass sensors; estimation based on LiDAR sensor Pagina 17

18 Questions??? Airship-based LiDAR and multi-sensor forest monitoring 30/08/2012 Pagina 18