Overview of hybrid poplar management in southern Quebec
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1 Overview of hybrid poplar management in southern Quebec Poplar and Willow Council of Canada, Abitibiti, QC, Sept Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, PhD, TÉLUQ (Montreal, QC) Nicolas Bélanger, Prof. PhD, TÉLUQ (Montreal, QC) Patrick Cartier, Ing.f., Domtar (Windsor, QC) Pierre Gagné, Ing.f., MSc, RLQ (Quebec City, QC) Suzanne Brais, Prof. PhD, UQAT (Rouyn, QC) Lili Perreault, UQAT (Rouyn, QC) Gustavo Palma, UQAT (Montreal, QC)
2 Who are we? 1 Nicolas Bélanger Patrick Cartier Pierre Gagné Lili Perreault Suzanne Brais Gustavo Palma
3 Presentation Outline 2 What s promising or still puzzling about: Hybrid Poplars (HP) Fertilization Context of HP in Quebec Partner: Domtar HP plantation management Scientific research Challenges
4 Context Use of hybrid poplars in QC 3
5 Context Fate of residual organic materials 4 Biosolids (paper / municipal) Wood ash Lime slurry by 2020: no more landfill
6 Partners Domtar s Windsor paper mill 5
7 Quebec City Partners Domtar s Windsor paper mill ha private forests
8 Chronology of working with poplars at Domtar First plantations 2005 Mounding FSC 2009 Fertilization with residual organic materials mainly: paper biosolids, lime slurry but also: municipal sludge, wood ash nd fertilization 2020 HP will cover 5% of Domtar s forest area
9 Domtar s fertilization recipe 8 Priorité 3: Fertilisation des AIPL pour maximiser la nutrition et le rendement 140 t/ha paper biosolids + 10 t/ha lime slurry Plantation de pins (radiata) en Australie
10 Domtar s fertilization recipe 9 Priorité 3: Fertilisation des AIPL pour maximiser la nutrition et le paper biosolids: 140 tonnes/ha rendement Plantation de pins (radiata) en Australie
11 Domtar s fertilization recipe 10 Priorité 3: Fertilisation des AIPL pour maximiser la nutrition et le lime slurry: 10 tonnes/ha rendement Plantation de pins (radiata) en Australie
12 Domtar s hybrid poplars Mechanical soil preparation mounding 11
13 Domtar s hybrid poplars Height growth 12 Height Year
14 Domtar s hybrid poplars 13 Fertilized Not Fertilized
15 Domtar s hybrid poplars HP foliar nutrition 14 Effects of paper biosolids and lime slurry additions on poplar foliar nutrition at one site (SFX) in 2012 and Trees were planted in PB = paper biosolids, LS = lime slurry (amendments occured in 2009 & 2011).
16 Scientific Research 15 Wood ash in coniferous plantations mature pine & spruce; juvenile pine, spruce, larch
17 Scientific Research 16 Wood ash in coniferous plantations mature pine & spruce; juvenile pine, spruce, larch
18 Scientific Research 17 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings)
19 Scientific Research 18 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings) PRS probes (Western Ag Innovations, SK)
20 Scientific Research 19 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings) Soil Nitrate
21 Scientific Research 20 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings)
22 Scientific Research 21 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings) Soil nutrient availability and infiltration (HP) HP growth and foliar nutrition 2 nd fertilization vs HP growth, soil, competition
23 Scientific Research 22 Wood ash in coniferous plantations Municipal sludge (white spruce seedlings) Soil nutrient availability and infiltration (HP) HP growth and foliar nutrition 2 nd fertilization vs HP growth, soil, competition
24 Challenges 23 Choice of planting site Criteria: deep soil, good drainage Fertilization can widen the range of potential sites Timing and rates of fertilization Optimal fertilization scenario? Precision forestry? Yr. 0 Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 5 Mechanical soil preparation; Lime or ash (for ph) Tree planting; Municipal biosolids rich in PO 4 (for roots) Trees established; Paper biosolids rich in N (for volume growth) Canopy closure; 2 nd fertilization with biosolids
25 Challenges 24 Choice of planting site Criteria: deep soil, good drainage Fertilization can widen the range of potential sites Timing and rates of fertilization Optimal fertilization scenario? Precision forestry? Socio-environmental impacts nutrient leaching/runoff, visual aspect, biodiversity, CO 2, climate change, water stress, pests & pathogens, forest zoning Recycling of residual organic materials
26 Concluding thoughts 25 What s promising: Productivity of HP Efficacy of fertilization What s still puzzling: Variations between clones or sites Further research: Efficiency of fertilization Fate of amended nutrients Temporal fractioning of amendments
27 Virtual tour of Domtar s HP 26
28 Acknowledgements 27 Domtar s virtual tour Réseau Ligniculture Québec
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