BASF Biodegradables. Bioplastics 101. Daniel Hebert BASF Canada-Biodegradable Plastics

Transcription

1 BASF Biodegradables Bioplastics 101 Daniel Hebert BASF Canada-Biodegradable Plastics 1

2 Goals of this Presentation 1. Define terms for proper use Biobased, Renewable, Biodegradable, Compostable 2. Explain the value of Bioplastics Why use them? 3. Inform about BASF Biodegradable Plastics What products and applications? 4. Educate on how Biodegradable Plastics can be used Enabling Renewable Materials and Organics Recycling 2

3 BASF The Chemical Company The world s leading chemical company Our portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics, performance products, agricultural products and fine chemicals to crude oil and natural gas Sales 2008: 62,304 million Employees as of December 31, 2008: 96,924 North America: 15,168 employees 3

4 Ensure Sustainable Development Help our customers to be more successful The Chemical Company Form the best team in industry Earn a premium on our cost of capital 4

5 The Product Lifecycle How do Bioplastics fit? Fossil Minerals Fibers Additives Feedstocks Production Energy Labor Use Biobased Renewable Biobased? Renewable? Emissions Land use Risk Compostable? Biodegradable? Disposal Landfill Recycling Biodegradable? Incineration Methane Emissions? Litter BTU Value? Composting Reuse Reprocess 5

6 What about the modern Landfill? 6

7 Research on Landfills W. Rathje, Garbologist Excavated 15 landfills, throughout NA Findings 40 % of space comprised of organics year old newspapers 5 year old lettuce 15 year old hot dogs 7

8 Myth about Landfills The truth is, however, that the dynamics of a modern landfill are very nearly the opposite of what most people think. Well designed and managed landfills seem to be far more apt to preserve their contents for posterity than transform them into humus or mulch. They are not vast composters; rather they are vast mummifiers. Source: Rubbish, W. Rathje, p 112 8

9 What do we throw away? 5% typically littered Source: Keep America Beautiful 9

10 What do we Recycle? 10

11 Organic/Food waste is Recyclable via Composting Food Fruit Tray Waste Peels, Rinds, Spoilage Green Bin Composter 11

12 Composting Defined Composting is nature's way of recycling. Composting biodegrades organic waste. i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue etc., and turns it into a valuable organic fertilizer. 12

13 Organics Recycling Composting = Organics Recycling Food Waste Licensed Composter Accepts Food Waste (n~239) Microorganisms Eat Organic Material Managed, Controlled m Fruit Compost Added to Soil at Strawberry Farm Pathogen-free Compost 13

14 Compost is Valuable Emerging scientific evidence that use of compost: Increases infiltration and permeability of heavy soils, thus reducing erosion and runoff. Improves water holding capacity, thus reducing water loss. Supplies a variety of macro and micronutrients, thus lowers dependence on fertilizers. May control or suppress certain soil-borne plant pathogens, thus lowers dependence on pesticides. Can bind and degrade specific pollutants. 14

15 What happens in Compost? 15

16 How can we measure Biodegradation in Industrial Compost? EN GreenPla ASTM D

17 Organics Recycling Composting = Organics Recycling Food Waste Licensed Composter Accepts Food Waste (n~239) Microorganisms Eat Organic Material Managed, Controlled m Fruit Compost Added to Soil at Strawberry Farm Pathogen-free Compost 17

18 Oxo-degradable Additives Oxo refers to a prodegradant additive that prevents antioxidants in the polymer from working Oxo additives promote fragmentation of the polymer chain ONLY Most common additives are metal salts, some potentially regulated metals No scientific, third party peer review data exist showing biodegradation beyond a few percent for additives in PE, PP, PVC or PS X 18

19 Comparing Ecoflex /Ecovio to PE + Additives Ecoflex/Ecovio are enabling technologies for Organics Recycling 19

20 ASTM Source for Test Standardization ASTM Since 1898 the foremost developer of voluntary consensus standards Hierarchy of Standards Test Guides Details of why to test. Test Method Standards Specific Test Methods Test Standard Specifications Pass/Fail Criteria ASTM D6400/D6868 Parts 1. Mineralization - complete conversion to CO2, water, heat, biomass 2. Disintegration - fragments at the same rate as natural materials 3. Soil Toxicity - supports plant growth, soil life with no toxic residues 4. Regulated Metals levels - Country regulated soil metals by type. Specifications for Bioplastics ASTM D6400 or D6868 Compostable Specification ASTM D7081 Marine Biodegradability Methods for Bioplastics ASTM D6866 Biobased Carbon content ASTM D5988 Soil biodegradation ASTM D5526 Landfill biodegradability ASTM D6954 Oxo-degradable additives 20

21 How can Bioplastics be used Today? To Replace Existing Plastics? (Durable vs. Disposable) To Market Green products? (Value vs. Emotion) To Enable more Recycling? (Organics vs. Plastics) 21

22 Applications for Ecoflex /Ecovio Compostable Plastics T-shirt, Retail bags Your Brands Here! Compostable Can Liners Binders Impact Modifier Lawn and Leaf Bags Mulch Films Food Packaging Netting 22

23 The Major Value Proposition for Ecoflex /Ecovio Compostable Plastics Your products/packaging get to enter the Organics Recycling stream, and not the landfill Your Brands Here! 23

24 Analysis Prevents green-washing and eco-confusion Eco-efficiency of biobased materials vs conventional materials High ecoefficiency To Substantiate Claims Analysis is required! n ~18 n ~17 n ~24 n ~12 Environmental Impact Biobased Materials are not always the most eco-efficient. Low High Low ecoefficiency Cost Low 24

25 Composting Programs in Canada - Composting and waste diversion programs in Canada are on the rise. There are about 162 centralized composting facilities in operation or in plan across Canada. These facilities, which include a mix of publicly and privately owned and operated operations processed almost 700,000 tons of organic waste in 1995, an increase of 154% versus

26 Compost Programs in Canada Launch of new Municipal Compost Programs In 2009, the City of Québec will be improving its pilot compost project by requiring that home owners and businesses use BNQ (Bureau de normalization du Québec) certified compostable bags as green bin liners for collecting food waste. By 2013, close to 150,000 homes and businesses in the Greater City of Québec region will participate in the municipal compost program. 26

27 Canadian Waste Management Today Cote Saint-Luc, Quebec Organic waste collection program starts week of October 20, 2008 What is Côte Saint-Luc s new program? The City of Côte Saint-Luc is launching a program to collect organic waste door-to-door from single-family homes and duplexes. This program will make Côte Saint-Luc a leader on the island of Montreal for the treatment of residual waste and will help create a better environment for future generations. We are counting on the participation of your family to make this program a success. 27

28 Use of Clear Bags in Waste Collection Programs Use of Clear Bags is becoming the standard for use in Waste Collection Programs across Canada. Since 2006 there are around 23 communities in Ontario (including Hamilton and possibly Durham Region), several in Nova Scotia and PEI and some in the U.S. now require clear bags be used by householders for containing garbage. 28

29 Use of Clear Bags in Waste Collection Programs Points for Consideration: Use of clear, compostable bags can effectively prevent contamination of any non compostable materials in compost collection programs. Eliminate the diversion of potentially contaminated clear Poly Ethylene bags used in recycling collection programs to landfill. Contaminated clear compostable bags can be diverted for composting/organics recycling. Compostable bags made with Ecoflex and Ecovio can offer very good transparency, particularly when proportions of Ecovio used are increased. 29

30 Organics Recycling in Canada 2008 Statistics Province/Territory From 2000 to 2004, composting at centralized facilities increased 70% to 1.7 million tonnes, according to data from the Waste Management Industry Survey. Canadian National Organics Recycling Rates (Includes yard waste) New Brunswick 1,227,245 tonnes Quebec 1,004,970 tonnes Ontario 681,089 tonnes Alberta 602,810 tonnes British Columbia 257,757 tonnes Number of Centralized Composting Facilities Newfoundland & Labrador 3 Prince Edward Island 1 Nova Scotia 15 New Brunswick 33 Quebec 49 Ontario 71 Manitoba 22 Saskatchewan 19 Alberta 84 British Columbia 46 Yukon 1 TOTAL

31 How do we best collect and move Organic Waste? Unlined Bin + Bin Food waste + Bag to composter Compostable Bag + Bin Food waste to composter Non-Compostable Bag Food waste to composter Bag to landfill 31

32 Composting sites accepting Food Waste Findacomposter.org Over 3,000 composting sites exist in North America Over 250 are permitted to take Food Waste 32

33 Life Cycle Analysis BASF Eco-Efficiency Environmental Impact Categories energy consumption water emissions raw material consumption land use ozone depletion potential (ODP) Environmental Impact toxicity potential risk potential global warming potential (GWP) solid waste emissions photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) acidification potential (AP) 33

34 Life Cycle Analysis BASF Eco-Efficiency Cost Categories Bag Detergent Water Costs Wastewater Labor Hauling & Disposal Fees 34

35 Food Waste Collection Study Base Case Environmental Impact Ecological Fingerprint Energy consumption 1.00 Land use 0.50 Emissions Compostable Non-compostable Unlined 0.00 Resource consumption Health Effect potential Risk potential 35

36 Food Waste Collection Study Base Case Cost Overall costs are highest for the unlined alternative Liner Disposal $/CB 2.0 Labor (Washing and Liner Disposal) Water & Detergent Liner Compostable Non-compostable Unlined Based on daily washing for Unlined alternative, weekly for other. 36

37 Food Waste Collection Study Base Case Portfolio Customer Benefit (CB): Disposal of 15 kg of food waste in a 20gallon plastic bin. Environmental Burden (normalized) Portfolio View 0.0 Bin lined with compostable bag is the most eco-efficient alternative Costs (normalized) Compostable Polyethylene Unlined 37

38 Food Waste Collection Conclusions Compostable plastic bags have a slightly higher environmental burden, due mostly to more raw materials usage, but this alternative is the most ecoefficient because of lower overall costs. The unlined alternative is the least eco-efficient it is the most costly alternative and has the largest environmental burden primarily due to water and detergent usage. The overall cost is highest for the unlined alternative, largely due to labor costs associated with cleaning the bins and the frequency with which they are cleaned. 38

39 Do you want to get involved? Sponsor a Zero Landfill Lunch Set the Table with Compostable Plastics Recycle boxes, cans, glass & bottles Compostable dinnerware Composter Food waste Bin w/ Compostable Liner Reusable food service items Landfill 39

40 For More Information Contact Christopher Bradlee BASF Corporation - Biodegradable Plastics Phone: (734) christopher.bradlee@basf.com Daniel Hebert BASF Canada Biodegradable Plastics Phone: Mobile: daniel.hebert@basf.com 40

41 Energy consumption Primary energy consumption MJ/CB 3.0 Truck and Fuel Usage Washing Polyethylene Erucamide Ecoflex+PLA+CaC Compostable Non-compostable Unlined 41

42 Resource Consumption Raw materials consumption Sand Bauxite Lime Iron Phosphorous Sulfur NaCl Lignite Gas Oil Coal 1/2 kg/(a*mio t) /CB Compostable Non-compostable Unlined 42

43 Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (Summer Smog) 0 g Ethen-equivalent/CB 0 0 Truck and Fuel Usage Washing Polyethylene Erucamide Ecoflex+PLA+CaC Compostable Non-compostable Unlined 43

44 Solid Waste Emissions Truck and Fuel Usage Washing Polyethylene Erucamide Ecoflex+PLA+CaC03 kg/cb Compostable Non-compostable Unlined 44

45 Discussion Washing bins is a costly and a poor environmental choice Using PE bags adds complexity and keeps the landfill engaged Key decisions are not only bag cost, but washing and handling cost, which are often not considered. Inclusion of production, use and disposal data is critical to good decision making Compostable bags provide an elegant solution for diverting organics Next steps: Add in benefits of compost vs. landfill of organics. 45