Balancing the Grid with hydrogen technologies

Transcription

1 Balancing the Grid with hydrogen technologies Bernard Frois CEA and International Partnership for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in the Economy Chairman 1

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3 Technology works LAB TESTING Grid simulation & resiliency (RTDS) DEVELOPME NT DEMO & VALIDATION 3

4 Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Ministerial Council,11 April 2017 "Japan will be the first in the world to realize a hydrogen- based society. I would like relevant ministers to accelerate the establishment of hydrogen refueling stations, and streamline regulations on them, and to formulate a common scenario toward the building of supply chains and the full-scale introduction of hydrogen power generation. 4

5 Towards clean energy and environment Hydrogen will enable new linkages between energy supply and demand, in both a centralized or decentralized manner Hydrogen use has the potential of enhancing overall energy system flexibility. Fuel cell vehicles will provide the mobility service of today s conventional vehicles at potentially very low carbon emissions. Clean transport is crucial for clean air in large Cities. London, Paris, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seoul, Tokyo, etc. Hydrogen use has the potential of contributing to decarbonise the industry (refineries, steelmaking 5

6 WHY POWER-TO-GAS? Electricity cannot be stored easily Hydrogen can be stored easily in the gas grid Source: ITM Power plc POWER-TO-GAS RATIONALE HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

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8 RA PID RESPONSE ELECTRO LYSE R Avai lable in 1MW modules responds in 1sec self pressur ises to 80 bar ITM Electrolyse r

9 MARKET OFFERING Rapid Response High Pressure High Efficiency MW scale Rapid response: High pressure: High efficiency: MW scale: Compliant: Operations: less than 1s; for primary grid balancing up to 80bar; for direct injection 77% measured by Thuga Group; 86% measured by RWE (with heat recovery) 1MW modules available today EU and USA 3yrs in the field Company image MARKET OFFERING ENERGY STORAGE CLEAN FUEL

10 32MWH BATTERY P2G COST COMPARISON Lithium Ion System (6,300 sqft) Project will cost $53.5m 8MW with 4hr duration 32MWh $6.7m/MW $1.67m/MWh Power-to-Gas System (3,530 sqft) Project will cost $21.6m 8MW with 4hr duration 32MWh $2.7m/MW $0.67m/MWh 8MW with 12hr duration 192MWh $2.7m/MW $0.22m/MWh Tehachapi Energy Storage Project The Tehachapi Energy Storage Project features 604,832 lithium-ion battery cells, housed in 10,872 modules of 56 cells each, stacked in 604 racks arranged in rows. BATTERY P2G COST COMPARISON HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

11 housed in 100MW DESIGN 1MW to 10MW Bus refuelling stations Small P2G demonstrations 10MW to 60MW Large transport schemes Power-to-Gas installations Chemicals Industry 60MW to 100MW Power-to-Gas installations Chemicals Industry Refineries Stock image 100MW DESIGN HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

12 100MW DESIGN COMPLETE TURN KEY SOLUTION Modular Design Thermal Integration Heat Recovery Avoids compounding container costs Enables two storey construction Modular approach wide capacity offering Pathway to large scale without technology risk Qualified for grid balancing in UK and Germany Efficiency from 77% to 86% (measured by RWE) Integrated heat recovery Compact modular low noise CAD images using existing technologies scaled up COMPLETE TURN KEY SOLUTION HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

13 Source : NREL 13

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15 The key conclusion of this study is that Power-to- Hydrogen is bankable already today. By 2025, an estimated cumulative electrolyser capacity of 2.8 GW could be installed in Europe based on sound economics, representing a market value of 4.2 bn. Even today, the aggregate amount of profitable business cases would amount to 1.4 GW and 2.6 bn, if all cases were realised. 15

16 Energy Storage Technologies Power-to-gas is efficient, long term, low energy cost From ITM 16

17 RENEWABLE HYDROGEN & GRID BALANCING Falkenhagen, Germany Hamburg, Germany Grapzow, Germany Falkenhagen, Germany Katinnik, Quebec Avedøre, Denmark 17 17

18 Renewable Hydrogen Solutions Hydrogen produced from renewable power via water electrolysis enables the transition to a cleaner future across all energy sectors and applications. Power-to Gas: Injecting hydrogen or synthetic natural gas into the gas grid Power-to-Mobility: Hydrogen refueling for fuel cell electric vehicles Power-to-Industry: Using hydrogen as a feedstock for industrial facilities 18 Power-to-Fuel: Using hydrogen as a feedstock for traditional fuel production Power-to-Power: Repowering hydrogen through a fuel cell 18

19 The US-DOE vision of the Energy Grid Fuel Cell Technologies Office 28 19

20 Germany Strategic Direction 20

21 Regulations for an integrated energy system Project objectives: Develop an Integrated Energy Concept 2050 (IEC 2050) based on renewable electricity Develop essential features of an appropriate regulatory framework, supporting the IEC

22 6th EU PEFC & Electrolyser Forum 22

23 6th EU PEFC & Electrolyser Forum 23

24 ~ 30 PtX Projects / Activities Usage of renewable energies Water electrolyser as key technology 16 Systems in operation Capacity: 16 MW (9 A-EL und 6 PEM-EL) - 5 HRS with on-site electrolyser systems for fuels. - 8 projects with re-electrification for stationary power supply. - 9 units are injecting hydrogen into the natural gas net. - 5 units producing hydrogen for delivery via trailer/pipeline in order to use it at other locations. 24

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26 Istanbul, Turkey Port of Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Daesan, South Korea CRITICAL POWER Surrey, United Kingdom Nuuk, Greenland Brisbane, Australia 26

27 Critical Power Solutions Hydrogenics HyPM power modules set the technology benchmark for meeting intermittent and continuous power needs. The ultimate solution for reliable backup, standby and continuous power applications Designed for superior performance Fully integrated stack with power range flexibility from 3kW to 50 MW Best footprint with scalable design solutions to meet runtime needs 10,000+ hour stack lifetime with unlimited stop and start cycles Greatest range of kw systems 27

28 1.2 MW PEM electrolyser HyBalance Dual high efficiency PEM cell stack designed for enhanced grid balancing Ideal for dynamic operation (connection with renewables) opem : 1-100% of operation range - no porosity in membrane oresponse time in power soak: down to seconds ofast response due to small footprint (warm-up + inertization) System efficiency: 5.3 kwh/nm³ at nominal power (~58 kwh/kg) Lifetime: stack is designed for > hours of operation

29 CONCLUSIONS Storing large amount of energy requires inevitably to go for power to gas, and hydrogen is a very flexible and adapted solution for both mid scale and large scale systems needing to store energy for more than a day. Batteries based storage systems and hydrogen based storage systems will co-exist in a world where renewable intermittent energy will increase and will need to be stored on a large scale, both at centralized and decentralized level. Hydrogen should be see as a new energy vector like electrons (= should not be compared to wind or solar, but to electrons) o o o Electrons provide power, heat, mobility, they can be stored and transported, they can be 100 % green Hydrogen provides likewise power, heat, mobility, and can be stored and transported while being 100 % green The green electrons and green hydrogen worlds are connected via electrolysers and fuel cells, and both store energy HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES ARE NOW COMMERCIAL 29