Energy for Architecture

Transcription

1 Energy Modeling Buildings, like living organisms, require energy to operate. Each building has a unique energy balance formed between the ebb and flow of gains and losses, production and consumption. Buildings gain energy through many means including solar gains, daylight, external airflow, occupants, equipment & lighting, renewable energy production, and the electrical grid. Buildings consume energy through the use of electric lighting, equipment, and heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Whole-Building Analysis: Quantifying the energy balance of a building during the design stage can take many forms. It can start with estimates with hand calculations and generalizations achieved from reviewing energy benchmarking and historical data. It can be as detailed as creating a whole building energy model to simulate site and climate affects with building geometry, materials, and systems selections on an hourly or sub-hourly time scale. And all steps in between. At RWDI Habitat we understand that energy modelling need not involve detailed calculations at all levels. In general, the earlier in design, the less detailed the energy calculations should be. However, we also believe that design decisions, at the masterplanning and building level, can and should involve an understanding of the energy impact of an architectural gesture for example. The trick is to make the energy information available in a timely manner. Contributors: Joel Good (M.A.Sc, P.Eng), Building Performance Consultant l Duncan Phillips (Ph.D., P.Eng.), Senior Consultant, Principal

2 RWDI s Process Energy modelling has an important role to play in the design of buildings. To achieve a low-energy design, modelling should be incorporated throughout the design process to: Take advantage of the local climate and site by orienting individual buildings to reduce solar impacts and use passive strategies (e.g. thermal mass, natural ventilation, daylighting) to reduce energy demand. Ensure that the Masterplan of the city and/or development capitalizes on building adjacencies. Adjacent buildings should support each other and maximize opportunities rather than eliminate options. Incorporate robust passive elements. Energy and flow models of passive features (i.e. earthtubes, solar chimneys, trombe walls, wind towers) are necessary to test proof of concept and create operation guidelines. Provide an appropriate building facade and construction that appropriately controls the heat gains and losses to/from the environment. If they are necessary, make the mechanical heating and cooling systems very efficient and when possible, capitalize on meteorological cycles and local resources to reduce the primary energy use. Develop a practical renewable energy strategy to produce and store energy to balance diurnal and seasonal peaks.

3 Example Projects Masterplan Energy Profiling Lusail Olympic Precinct and Qatar University Masterplans (Doha, QA) MASDAR City (Abu Dhabi, UAE) Skolkovo Masterplan (Moscow, RU) City-wide building energy demand prediction with renewable energy production balance. Daylighting optimization with energy analysis. City-wide building energy demand prediction with renewable energy production balance. Design Concept Energy Modelling King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (KACARE) (Riyadh, KSA) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) (Thuwal, KSA) Lucas Oil Stadium (Indianapolis, USA) Lynnwood High School (Lynnwood, USA) Building energy conservation measures, daylighting, renewable energy and solar impact on energy. Solar thermal chimney design with thermal, flow and energy assessment. Energy demand analysis for stadium including cooling demand and thermal mass storage. Natural ventilation design strategies with thermal comfort and energy calculations. Comprehensive Building Energy Demand Analysis Suning.com Headquarters (Nanjing, CN) Pearl River Tower (Guangzhou, CN) US Department of Health & Human Services (Washington, USA) University of California at Irvine (UCI) Medical Education Center (Irvine, USA) Natural ventilation analysis with thermal chimney and underfloor air analysis, including energy implications. Energy and thermal comfort calculations for double skin façade design. Atrium concept design analysis with daylighting and energy conservation modeling. Natural ventilation and energy modeling analysis for thermal chimney / wind tower conceptual design. Detailed Full Energy Model for Submittal University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) Massachusetts Biological Laboratories (MBL) (Mattapan, USA) JC Wilts Infectious Labs (Winnipeg, CA) Petroleum Institute Research Centre (Abu Dhabi, UAE) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) (Richland, USA) Energy conservation and compliance modeling of lab buildings for LEED submittal (LEED silver predicted). Energy conservation and compliance modeling for Manitoba (provincial) Energy Incentive Program - submittal and approval. Detailed energy modeling for Estidama Pearls rating submittal. Energy conservation and compliance submittal modeling for LEED.

4 PROJECT PROFILE King Abdullah Center for Atomic and Renewable Energy K.A.CARE Riyadh, KSA RWDI Habitat was part of an integrated team that collaborated to design a sustainable city with net-positive energy production amongst the rugged wadis outside of Riyadh. Full City Energy Modeling: Among other items, RWDI was tasked with predicting energy use for the varying building typologies and services throughout the city and comparing that performance to local building energy benchmarks. This enabled predictions to be made of the full city energy demand and balanced against renewable energy infrastructure to optimize cost and size. Image courtesy of Gensler Country Specific Usage Patterns: As regional energy benchmark data did not exist RWDI created this data based on ASHRAE guidelines modified with Saudi building codes as well as regionallyderived usage patterns and occupancy schedules and appropriate for the City s population. Weather Data: Site specific weather data was also unavailable for the site, 60 km west of Riyadh. The dramatic topography and remoteness of the site necessitated that RWDI use weather research and forecasting (WRF) modeling to establish an accurate estimate of local climate data. The hourly results were then the basis of the building energy simulations. City-wide peak and annual energy consumption projections were established using the wholebuilding energy simulation software EnergyPlus. This data was used to verify the efficacy of energy conservation measures and determine the technology mix, quantities and storage capabilities of the city s renewable energy system.

5 PROJECT PROFILE University of Massachusetts Medical School Massachusetts Biological Laboratories Mattapan, MA RWDI Habitat worked with an architectural and MEP design team to deliver the required for energy predictions for a 75,000 ft2, projected LEED Silver designated, research center and laboratory building. We created energy models of the proposed building flexible enough to evolve through the design process. Initially The 3D model was able to predict energy consumption patterns throughout the lab and office wings. This knowledge was able to inform and verify the performance of energy conservation measures for the building, including: district heating, cascading lab air, server room heat recovery, and demand control ventilation. Image courtesy of Tsoi Kobus & Associates Detailed energy modeling was critically important to achieving the project team s sustainability objectives as specialized lab spaces are notoriously large consumers of energy. Understanding the building s operation and energy sinks and sources allowed the design team to achieve state-of-the-art research and lab facilities while reducing energy consumption over ASHRAE benchmarks by over 15%. RWDI provided full energy services for LEED submittal.