Optimal use of biomass in large-scale energy systems

Transcription

1 Optimal use of biomass in large-scale energy systems May

2 Potential of Renewable Energy Sources in Switzerland Solar PV 12 TWh el /year (η = 16%) 18 TWh el /year (η = 25%) DATA FROM: Wind 4 TWh el /year Hydro TWh el /year Deep geothermal 4.4 TWh el /year Biomass TWh/year Half of it is already exploited 12 TWh/year (wood from forests and wood residues) In Switzerland, 5% of primary energy demand. In Austria, 17% of primary energy demand. May

3 Promotion of Wood Fueled Technologies Local and Cantonal authoriqes promote the use of wood for heaqng. Examples Local resource Renewable resource Canton de Valais Subsidies for wood boilers: 1000 CHF CHF/kW for new wood boilers (20 70 KW) Ville de Lausanne (Pyrolysis) (About 50% of the boiler purchase cost) References: Canton de Valais, Département de l économie, de l'énergie et du territoire, Programme de promoqon énergéqque, InstallaQon de chauffage à bois, 2012 Viessmann, Chaudières à combusqble solide de 2,4 à 170 kw, Suisse, heures. La Ville veut fabriquer son combusqble de chauffage May

4 Promotion of Wood Fueled Technologies Local and Cantonal authoriqes promote the use of wood for heaqng. Local resource Renewable resource Examples Canton de Valais (Wood boilers) Limited resource 100 kwh Wood Boiler wood 85 kwh (85 % eff.) heat OpAmal usage of the resource Ville de Lausanne (Pyrolysis) Pyrolysis Oil Boiler 100 kwh wood 67 kwh (67 % eff.) fuel (92 % eff.) 62 kwh heat References: V. Codina Gironès, Stefano Moret, Emanuela Peduzzi, M. Nasato and F. Maréchal. OpQmal use of biomass in large-scale energy systems: insights for energy policy. ECOS conference, Slovenia. June 2016 May

5 Methodology for evaluating Wood Usage Pathways Wood Usage Pathway Swiss Energy System Model Results Swiss Energy System Model: Based on a MILP (Mixed-Integer Linear Programming) modelling framework Swiss Energy System in 2035 Results: Annual Global Warming PotenQal Impact Factor (GWP) Annual Total Cost of the energy system References: Moret S, Bierlaire M, Maréchal F. Strategic Energy Planning under Uncertainty: a Mixed- Integer Linear Programming Modeling Framework for Large-Scale Energy Systems. In: Proceedings of the 26th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. Portoroz, Slovenia: Elsevier; 2016 V. Codina Gironès, Stefano Moret, Emanuela Peduzzi, M. Nasato and F. Maréchal. OpQmal use of biomass in large-scale energy systems: insights for energy policy. ECOS conference, Slovenia. June 2016 May

6 Pathway Definition All the available 5000 GWh of wood are exclusively consumed by the technologies that are part of the pathway. There is only one unit directly consuming wood in each pathway, i.e. a SNG Ind CHP (wood) pathway is not possible, as both units have wood as an input. The syntheqc fuels generated by Chemical Conversion units have to be consumed by Technology 1 units if included in the pathway. The electricity generated by Technology 1 units has to be consumed by Technology 2 units if included in the pathway. Chemical Conversion Technology 1 Technology 2 Gasification&Methanation (SNG) Industrial CHP (Ind CHP) Heat Pump (HP) Gasification&Methanation with Electrolyser (SNGel) DHN CHP Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Fischer- Tropsch (FT) Fischer-Tropsch with Electrolyser (FTel) Fast Pyrolysis (Pyro) Fast Pyrolysis with Upgrading (PyroUp) Decentralized CHP (Dec CHP) Advanced CHP (Adv CHP) Compressed Natural Gas Car (CNG Car) Thermal Heat Pump (ThHP) Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) Externally-fired Gas Turbine (MGT) Integrated Gasifier with Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine (Gas&FC&GT) May

7 Power to Gas/Fuel Excess electricity in summer H 2 15 new scenarios 100 kwh wood FT & Electrolyzer 84 kwh biodiesel 54 kwh el 145 kwh el MethanaQon & 100 kwh wood GasificaQon Electrolyzer 170 kwh SNG May

8 Evaluation of 56 wood usage pathways GasificaQon&MethanaQon with Electrolyzer Industrial CHP Barery Electric Vehicle May

9 Conclusions 56 different wood usage pathways are evaluated in terms of total annual cost and GWP as environmental indicator. Linking the producqon of biofuels to the deployment of efficient technologies (such as heat pumps and electric vehicles) is necessary to fully exploit their potenqal and moqvate the high investment costs. If this link is missing, then the producqon of biofuel is subopqmal in terms of GWP compared to the direct combusqon of wood boilers. Results are highly dependent on the configuraqon of the energy system into which the pathway is implemented. May