Results from the screening study, Burgas

Transcription

1 Results from the screening study, Burgas Burgas, Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak NILU Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 1

2 Sampling programme Screening à investigation of great number of something 31 sites representative for background, traffic, industrial influence, etc Passive samplers exposed for 10 days Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 2

3 Screening study Passive samplers (diffusion) for NO 2, SO 2, O 3, PM and VOC at 31 sites in Burgas and surroundings Active sampling (pumped) of PM 10 in Burgas and VOC close to refinery Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 3

4 Representativity of results Winter conditions! sampling in March 2010 transition wind regime: N, NE winter meteorological conditions à winter sources: residential heating à Screening study results representative for wintertime Meden Rudnik Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 4

5 Sampling sites 31 sampling sites in Burgas and surrounding villages (different area types) û û û û û 11 village sites 15 city sites 5 industrial sites Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 5

6 Limit and guideline values Effect (SO 2 ) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO SO 2 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) Health 10 min 500 µg/m 3 Health 1 hour 350 µg/m 3 (1) 350 µg/m 3 (1) Alarm thresh. 3 hours 500 µg/m µg/m 3 Health 24 hours 125 µg/m 3 (1) 125 µg/m 3 (2) 20 µg/m 3 Ecosystem Calendar year 20 µg/m 3 20 µg/m 3 and winter Effect (NO 2 ) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO NO 2 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) Health 1 hour 200 µg/m 3 (1) 200 µg/m 3 (1) 200 µg/m 3 Health 1 year 40 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 Effect (PM 10 ) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO PM 10 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) Health 24 hours* 50 µg/m 3 (1) 50 µg/m 3 (2) 50 µg/m 3 Health 1 year 30 µg/m 3 40 µg/m 3 20 µg/m 3 Effect (PM 2.5 ) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO PM 2.5 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) Health 24 hours* µg/m 3 Health 1 year µg/m 3 Effect (O 3 ) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO O 3 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) Alarm thresh. 1 hour 240 µg/m µg/m 3 Health 1 hour 180 µg/m µg/m 3 Health 8 hours* 120 µg/m µg/m 3 Effect (VOC) Averaging Bulgaria EU WHO C 6 H 6 period (standards) (limit values) (guidelines) benzene Health 1 year 5 µg/m 3 5 µg/m 3 Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 6

7 NO 2 concentration levels hot spot urban villages 10 day average annual LV exceeded at traffic hot spots urban background ~16 µg/m 3 villages 6-8 µg/m 3 F Exceedance of annual LV expected at traffic hot spot sites within Burgas Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 7

8 Spatial NO 2 distribution Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 8

9 SO 2 concentration levels Rather homogeneous distribution in and around Burgas F Exceedance of 1 h or 24 h LV (health) may happen occasionally under unfavourable meteorological conditions 10 day average annual LV for protection of ecosystems slightly exceeded at three sites major source - refinery traffic, residential heating (coal) Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 9

10 Spatial SO 2 distribution Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 10

11 Ozone (µg/ m 3 ) resid. O 3 concentration levels 29 Sarafovo 07 OPSIS station urban bg 08 Hotel Burgas 01 San Stefano traffic sites, NO+O 3 04 Hotel Kosmos 17 San Stefano West F Presumably exceedances during summertime VOC + NO x + sunlight à O 3 10 day average O 3 limit values defined for 1 h and 8 h averaging periods No exceedances expected during wintertime Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 11

12 VOC (µg/m 3 ) VOC concentration levels 15 hydrocarbon species Highest levels of all compounds downwind of refinery Styrene < d.l. Passive sampling 10 day average annual benzene LV 5 µg/m 3 Dolno Ezerovo villlage with highest concentrations Benzene conc. close to annual LV 6 sites Bratovo Kameno Rudnik Dolno Ezerovo Ref.1 downwind Ref.3 downwind Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 12

13 (µg/m 3 ) VOC VOC concentration levels Active sampling 4 sites close to refinery (downwind) Sampled air from different areas of refinery Styrene < d.l. à no styrene source 30 min average mainly alkanes (no LV) aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene) Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 13 E W1 W2 W3 NE

14 Passive PM 10 sampling traffic site, e.g. resuspension of road dust F Rather homogeneous distribution of PM levels 10 day average Passive samplers in villages and some sites in Burgas Higher PM levels at industrially influenced sites and traffic sites Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 14

15 Active PM 10 sampling Sampling up to > 1 day at an UB site PM 10 concentrations above 24 h LV most of the time Short-term (15 min) in-situ sampling 60 samples at 47 different sites L V Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 15

16 urban traffic PM 10 in different areas urban resid. urban backgr. ind. short-term samples reg. backgr. (marine) F Exceedance of 24 h and annual LV happened for short-term samples at all sites. Annual LV likely to be exceeded. suburb (res. heating) 24 h limit value 50 µg/m 3 annual limit value 40 µg/m 3 High regional background level > 45 µg/m 3 + traffic + resid. heating Concentrations! Composition? Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 16

17 General aspects of the air quality traffic main source for NO 2 (yearround source) residential heating applying wood combustion stoves important PM and C 6 H 6 source in winter PM 10 level in hot spot areas and city centre high; may represent a health problem (combustion particles) Ventilation conditions play important role regarding PM levels Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 17

18 Summary Air pollution in Burgas related to traffic, residential heating, a regional background (PM) and in some areas industry Suspended particulate matter poses main air pollution problem Nitrogen dioxide levels high at traffic hot spots Sulphur dioxide homogeneously distributed in the region Benzene levels in villages close to refinery may exceed annual LV Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 18

19 Thank you Bulgaria May 2010 Claudia Hak 19