Community-Wide Energy Audit Charts

Transcription

1 #3 Appendix Community-Wide Energy Audit Charts Table of Contents 3.1 Summary: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost by Sector (FY21) 3.2 Summary: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost by Sector (FY28) 3.3 Buildings Details: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY21) 3.4 Buildings Details: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY28) 3.5 Building Analysis by Fuel Type: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY28) 3.6 Commercial & Industrial Analysis by Fuel Type: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY28) 3.7 Transportation Analysis: Part 1: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY21 & FY28) 3.8 Transportation Analysis: Part 2: a) Fuel type, FY8 b) Car and SUV/pick-up trends (FY1-FY8) 3.9 Waste Management (22-27) 3.1 Report by Fuel Type and Sector: Energy (FY28) 3.11 $$ Staying or Leaving the Community - Analysis Summary 3.12 $$ Staying or Leaving the Community - Analysis Details 3.13 Analysis by Energy Use Type: a) Electricity, Heat, Transportation Fuels: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost, b) Back of Envelope Strategy (FY28) 3.14 General Public: Energy Use, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost (FY21 & FY28) 3.15 Trends: Energy, Climate Change Emissions and Cost (FY21 & FY28) 3.16 Climate Change Emissions by Fuel Type and Sector (FY28) 3.17 Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector (FY21) 3.18 Understanding Fuels 1) Finding a Common Unit, 2) Money by Fuel Type - how much stays here and how much goes away

2 Appendix 3.1 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Energy, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost Base Year: FY21 Sector Energy Equivalent (million Btu) Climate Change Emissions (CC) (tons CO2e) % of total CC Emissions Estimated Cost ($) Buildings 91,445 15,498 33% $15,745,231 Commercial Use 557,34 93,189 29% $13,397,283 Industrial Use 1,819 19,856 6% $2,866,872 Transportation 1,132,145 97,49 31% $15,716,779 Waste n/a 1,435 % $334,991 TOTAL 2,7, ,468 1% $48,61,156 Energy Equivalent: All energy use, such as oil, natural gas, electricity, has been converted to millions of BTUs, so that we can add them all up. ONE BTU (British Thermal Unit) is equal to the burning of one match or technically it can raise one ounce of water one degree Fahrenheit. CO2e or eco2 refers to "Carbon Dioxide equivalents" In other words, the effect of other climate change emissions, such as methane, nitrous oxide etc, have been converted into the effect of carbon dioxide. Methane, for example, is 2 times more potent than CO2. Greenfield government share is 3.7% of the community total Energy Equivalent (million Btu) Climate Change Emissions (tons CO2e) Transportaction 41% Buildings 34% Transportatio n 3% Waste 1% Buildings 33% Industrial Use 4% Commercial Use 2% Industrial Use 6% Commercial Use 3% Estimated Cost ($) Transportatio n $12,971,75 Waste, $334,991 Buildings $15,69,631 Industrial Use $2,74,528 Commercial Use $13,397,283

3 Appendix 3.2 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Energy, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost FY28 Sector Energy Equivalent (million Btu) Climate Change Emissions (CC) (tons CO2e) % of total CC Emissions Estimated Cost ($) Buildings 841,386 1, % $28,332,681 Commercial Use 513,331 82, % $2,847,546 Industrial Use 1,819 2,83 6.7% $3,77,27 Transportation 1,99,94 94, % $32,518,89 Waste n/a 952.3% $334,991 TOTAL 2,554,63 298,7 1% $85,83,514 Energy Equivalent: All energy use, such as oil, natural gas, electricity, has been converted to millions of BTUs, so that we can add them all up. ONE BTU (British Thermal Unit) is equal to the burning of one match or technically it can raise one ounce of water one degree Fahrenheit. CO2e or eco2 refers to "Carbon Dioxide equivalents" In other words, the effect of other climate change emissions, such as methane, nitrous oxide etc, have been converted into the effect of carbon dioxide. Methane, for example, is 2 times more potent than CO2. Greenfield government share is 2.8% of the total community-wide energy use Greenfield government share is 2.7% of the total community wide energy costs Transportaction 41% Buildings 34% Transportatio n 3% Waste 1% Buildings 33% Industrial Commercial Use Use 4% 2% Energy Equivalent (million Btu) Industrial Use 6% Commercial Use 3% Climate Change Emissions (tons CO2e) Transportation, $32,518,89, 39% Waste Management, $334,991, % Bldgs $28,332,681, 33% Industrial $3,77,27, 4% Commercial $2,847,546, 24% Estimated Cost ($)

4 Appendix 3.3 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Buildings Detail: Energy Use, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost Base Year: FY21 What number of customers Average Energy units / customer sq ft Elec use (Mwh) ($.13/kwh) Oil use (gallons) ($1.85) Natural Gas (Therms) ($83) Propane (gallons) ($1.3 Wood (cords) ($12) Coal ($125/ton) & Misc Solar Total Energy Use Climate Change (Tons CO2e) Cost $$ Population (2 Census) 18,666 Households 7,95-33% of Climate change Emissions Electricity (28) 7,931 7,162 kwh 56,83 193,959 51,342 $7,387,9 Coal & other misc 5 2 tons 1 1, $15, Oil (2) 4,25 87 gal 3,51,75 49,95 4,514 $6,478,238 Natural Gas (therms) 3, therms 2,5,34 2,534 12,389 $1,664,432 Propane (gal) ,72 13,13 95 $144,942 Wood cord) cords 456 1,85 95 $54,72 Solar, Wind, etc n/a n/a n/a Sub-total 56,83 3,51,75 2,5,34 14, ,444 15,499 $15,745,231 Commercial-3% of CO2e 352 3,395,333 Electricity (28) 1,14 7,642 kwh 82, ,457 75,53 $1,72,71 Oil gal 1,91, ,279 78,695 6,55 $1,4,216 Natural Gas 381 5,5 therms 1,971, ,151 12,18 $1,636,357 Solar, Wind, etc n/a n/a Sub-total Commercial 82, ,279 1,971, ,33 94,188 $13,397,283 Industrial -6% of CO2e 39 88,715 Electricity ,3 kwh 19,27 65,553 17,352 $2,496,91 Oil 22 9,19 gal 2,43 112,226 15,77 1,295 $27,618 Natural Gas 4 195,595 19,56 1,28 $162,344 Sub-total Industrial 19,27 112, ,595 1,82 19,855 $2,866,872 TOTAL USAGE (per unit noted above) 731,335 5,668,859 2,5,34 14, n/a TOTAL USAGE 54, ,497 3,463, ,942 1,85 1,921 n/a 1,568, ,542 TOTAL COSTS $2,65,52 $7,726,72 $3,463,133 $144,942 $54,72 $15, n/a $32,9,386 Energy Use Energy Equivalent (million Btu), 58% Energy Equivalent (million Btu), 36% Energy Equivalent (million Btu), 6% Notes Electrical data from WMECO 28 data. Cost based on average kwh in 21 Coal - usage and cost from local anecdotal information Oil: Number of households and gallons per household based on 2 Census. Cost based on average cost in 21 Natural gas based on Berkshire Gas company 22 data Propane: Number of households based on 2 census. Usage is a wild guess. Cost based on cost in 21 Industrial & commercial oil and propane use based on Square footage of buildings from the Greenfield Assessors office, and USDOE information on % using oil etc.

5 Appendix 3.4 What Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Buildings Detail: Energy Use, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost number of customers Energy used / customer sq ft Elec use (Mwh) ($.17/kwh) Base Year: FY28 Oil use (gallons) ($4.5) Natural Gas (Therms) ($2.18) Propane (Gallons) ($4.25 Wood (cords) ($275) Coal & Misc ($265/ton) Solar Total Energy Use Climate Change (Tons CO2e) Cost $$ Population (2 Census) 18,666 Households 7,95-33% of Climate change Emissions Electricity (28) 7,931 7,162 kwh 56,83 193,867 51,988 $9,656,51 Coal & other misc 5 2 tons 1 1, $26,5 Oil (2) 4,25 75 gal 3,18,75 422,496 34,926 $13,584,375 Natural Gas (therms) 3, therms 1,991, ,167 12,35 $4,341,836 Propane ,72 13,13 95 $598,6 Wood cords 456 1,85 95 $125,4 Solar, Wind, etc n/a n/a n/a Sub-total 56,83 3,18,75 1,991,668 14, ,386 1,473 $28,332,681 Commercial-3% of CO2e 352 3,395,333 Electricity (28) 1,95 71, kwh 82, ,485 63,684 $14,19,39 Oil gal 1,91, ,279 78,695 6,55 $2,53,256 Natural Gas (therms) 381 5,767 therms 1,971, ,151 12,18 $4,297,91 Solar, Wind, etc n/a n/a n/a Sub-total Commercial 82, ,279 1,971, ,331 82,369 $2,847,546 Industrial -6% of CO2e 39 88,715 Electricity , kwh 19,27 65,553 17,579 $3,265,19 Oil gal 493,2 112,226 15,77 1,295 $55,17 Natural Gas (therms) 4 4,883 therms 195,535 19,56 1,28 $426,266 Sub-total Industrial 19,27 112, ,535 1,82 2,82 $4,196,473 TOTAL USAGE (per unit noted above) 158,477 3,693,255 4,158,717 14, TOTAL Energy Use 496,95 516, ,878 13,13 1,85 1,921 n/a 1,455,537 22,924 TOTAL COSTS $26,941,9 $16,619,648 $9,66,3 $598,6 $125,4 $26,5 n/a $53,376,71 Notes: Electrical data from WMECO 28 data. Cost based on average kwh in 28 Coal - usage and cost from local anecdotal information Oil: Number of households and gallons per household based on 2 Census. Cost based on average cost in 28 Natural gas based on Berkshire Gas company 27 data Propane: Number of households based on 2 census. Usage is a wild guess. Cost based on cost in 28 Industrial & commercial oil and propane use based on Square footage of buildings from the Greenfield Assessors office, and USDOE information on % using oil etc.

6 Appendix 3.5 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary Building Analysis by Fuel Type Energy Use, Cost, and Climate Change Emissions Year: FY28 34% of Total Climate Change Emissions Fuel Type Energy use (hundreds of thousands of BTU's) Cost ($$) Climate Change Emissions (tens of pounds of CO2e) Coal 19,21 $26,5 41,8 Fuelwood 18,5 $125,4 18,919 Propane 131,3 $598,6 19, Electricity 1,938,67 $9,656,51 1,397,6 Natural Gas 1,991,67 $4,341,836 2,461, Heating Oil 4,224,96 $13,584,375 6,985,2 TOTALS 8,413,86 $28,332,681 2,94,519 Totals (note units) 841,386 MMBtu $56,638,862 1,473 tons 16,, 14,, 12,, 1,, 8,, 6,, 4,, 2,, Energy use (hundreds of thousands of BTU's) Cost ($$) Climate Change Emissions (tens of pounds of CO2e) Coal Fuelwood Propane Electricity Natural Gas Heating Oil Dishwasher 2% Refrigerator 5% Washer & Dryer 6% Other 8% Electricity 23% Electronics 7% Lighting 1% Hot Water 13% Heating & Cooling 49% Heating 77% Typical Energy Use (National) Greenfield Energy use: Source: US Department of Energy (DOE Heating & Electricity

7 Appendix 3.6 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary Commercial & Industrial Analysis by Fuel Type Energy Use, Cost, and Climate Change Emissions Year: FY28 36% of Total Climate Change Emissions Fuel Type Commercial Energy Use (included Gov. buildings) (hundreds of thousands of BTUs) Industrial Energy Use (hundreds of thousands of BTUs) Total Com / Indus Energy Use (hundreds of thousands of BTUs) Total Com / Indus Energy Cost ($$) Total Com /indus Climate Change Emissions (tens of pounds of CO2e) Electricity 2,374,85 655,53 3,3,38 $17,284,58 16,232,6 Natural Gas 1,971,51 195,6 2,167,11 $4,724,167 2,677,6 Heating Oil 786,95 157,7 944,2 $3,35,273 1,56, Propane n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TOTALS 5,133,31 1,8,2 6,141,51 $25,44,2 2,47,2 Totals 513,331 MMBtu 1,82 MMBtu 614,151 MMBtu $25,44,2 12,451 tons 2,, 18,, 16,, 14,, 12,, 1,, 8,, 6,, 4,, 2,, Total Com / Indus Energy Use (hundreds of thousands of BTUs) Total Com / Indus Energy Cost ($$) Total Com /indus Climate Change Emissions (tens of pounds of CO2e) Total Commercial & Industrial Energy use, Cost, and Climate Change Emissions With Total Commercial and Industrial Energy use to the right

8 Appendix 3.7 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Transportation Analysis: Part 1 Energy Use, Climate Change Emissions, and Cost Years: FY21 & FY28 3% of total Climate Change Emissions YEAR: 21 Vehicle type # of vehicles estimated miles/yr per vehicle Total Miles/year (VMT) est. MPG estimated gal/yr Energy Use Climate Change Emissions (Tons CO2) Cost ($1.72/gal) car 9,4 11, 99,44, 23 4,216,433 $7,252,264 SUV & Pick-up 3,728 11, 41,8, 13 3,69,461 $5,279,923 Motorcycle 158 3,55 56,9 5 11,218 $19,295 Heavy Truck ,7 7,11, 4 1,752,75 $3,14,73 Buses-FRTA**( gas& diesel) 42 7,29 32, ,847 $65,96 Buses-School (gas & diesel) 22 8, , ,47 $62,728 Misc 119 1, 119, 9 13,222 $22,742 bike & walk** n/a n/a 3,285, $ TOTALS 13, ,513,24 9,137,41 1,132,145 97,49 $15,716,779 YEAR: 28 Vehicle type # of vehicles estimated VMT/yr per vehicle Total Miles/year (VMT) est. MPG estimated gal/yr Energy Use Climate Change Emissions (Tons CO2) Cost ($3.45/gal) car 8,249 11, 9,739, 23 3,862,878 $13,326,928 SUV & Pick-up 4,96 11, 53,966, 13 4,39,371 $14,81,659 Motorcycle 279 3,5 976,5 5 19,53 $67,379 Heavy Truck ,77 5,53, ,382,622 $4,77,46 Buses-FRTA**( gas& diesel) 42 7,29 32, ,847 $13,571 Buses-School (gas & diesel) 22 8, , ,794 $113,139 Misc 74 1, 74, 9 8,222 $28,367 bike & walk** n/a n/a 3,285, $ TOTALS 13, ,56,112 9,383,264 1,99,94 94,13 $32,518,89 Notes on data sources and cost assumptions Number of vehicles based on Registry of Motor Vehicles for Greenfield VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled. Annual VMT for cars based on Pioneer Valley Planning Commission data Car annual miles traveled is based on Pioneer Valley Planning Commission Motorcycle and Heavy truck VMT based on ICLEI data *FRTA data - VMT based on 28 data, and statement that service has not changed much since 21 ** biking/walking: assumes.5 mi per person per day COST of fuel: Based on USDOE averages for the year Observations Cost of transportation doubled between FY21 & FY28 primarily due to fuel cost increases See next page for analysis of shift from cars to SUVs and Pickups FRTA reported that South and East bus routs doubled their ridersh8p Heavy Truck 4% Motorcycle.63% SUV & Pick-up 35% Buses-FRTA.2% Misc.5% car 58% Buses-School.12% bike & walk** 2.12% Miles Traveled by vehicle type each year (FY28)

9 Appendix 3.8 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Transportation Analysis: Part by Fuel Type 2. Car & SUV/Pickup Trends FY21 & FY28 3% of total Climate Change Emissions by Fuel Type 28 Fuel Use by Fuel Type (below) Energy Use (hundreds of thousands of BTU's Cost ($3.45/gal) Climate Change Emissions (Tens of pounds of CO2e) Diesel 1,48,69 $4,244,25 16,254,8 Gasoline 9,51,25 $28,273,884 2,571,2 TOTALS 1,99,94 $32,518,89 18,826, Totals as noted 1,99,94MMBtu 94,13 tons 3,, 25,, 2,, 15,, 1,, 5,, Energy Use (hundreds of thousands of BTU's Cost ($3.45/gal) Climate Change Emissions (Tens of pounds of CO2e) 2. Car vs. SUV & Pickup Analysis Vehicle Type 21 Miles Traveled 28 miles traveled hundreds of thousands of miles 21 estimated gal/yr 288 estimated gal/yr 21 Cost ($/yr) $1.72/gal 28 Cost ($/yr) $3.45/gal Car 9,94,4 9,73,9 4,216,433 3,862,878 $7,252,264 $13,326,928 SUVs & Pickups 4,1,8 5,396,6 3,69,461 4,39,371 $5,279,923 $14,81,659 TOTALS 14,5,2 14,47,5 7,285,894 7,92,249 $12,532,187 $27,48,587 Car SUVs & Pickups Miles Traveled 28 miles traveled 21 estimated gal/yr 288 estimated gal/yr 21 Cost ($/yr) $1.72/gal 28 Cost ($/yr) $3.45/gal Trends: consequences of vehicle type shift from cars to SUVs and Pickups By 28, SUVs & pickups used more than half of the gasoline, but drove only 37% of the miles

10 Appendix 3.9 Greenfield Waste Management Years: (This information is the same as that reported in appendix 2.9) what where goes Recycled outcome Trash -tons Spfld incinerator 6,469 6,189 6,225 5,344 4,537 4,289 Electricity generated COST of Trash disposal $334,991 $316,571 COST /Ton - disposal $52 $74 CO2 from trash (Tons) 1, Recycled Tons see below 2,494 2,695 2,885 2,89 2,988 3,69 make new products recycled- % of total waste 28% 3% 32% 35% 4% 42% CO2 avoided by recycling (tons) 7,38 8,644 DETAILS of Recycling Materials tracked by Tons where goes Recycled outcome Paper - Tons MRF 1,253 1,154 1,189 1,348 1,431 1,318 paper products made comingled-tons MRF new products made Cardboard-Tons cardboard place new cardboard made Construction Waste F&G via Dave Wickles 22 n/a n/a n/a n/a 188 recycled in Connecticut scrap metal-tons Kramers recycle new products made CRTs-Tons Viola - recycle recycle raw materials Fluorescent lights-tons Viola - recycle recycle raw materials Yard waste composted Compost used by town Trash - Tons Spfld incinerator 6,469 6,189 6,225 5,344 4,537 4,289 Electricity generated Total - Tons 8,963 8,884 9,11 8,234 7,525 7,358 Other Materials being Tracked -- note UNITS below Fluorescent (Linear Ft) Viola - recycle 9,83 7,498 2,456 16,27 1,616 1,932 recycle raw materials Crank case oil (gal) DPW heat &*Envirosave 3,6 2,695 2,8 2,95 2,7 165 Heat DPW bldgs OR recycle Paint (gal) *Envirosafe n/a n/a n/a n/a "safe disposal" Propane gas tanks (#) Interstate Refrigeration recycle metal** Auto Batteries (#) Sullivan n/a 115 new batteries made Mercury *Envirosafe n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 8- shed acquired-recycle * put out to bid annually! **cannot refill new safety regs Notes: Note units under WHAT Co-mingled includes plastic, glass, aluminum bottles etc. CRT: Cathode Ray Tubes - such as TVs and computer Monitors fluorescent light conversion from linear feet (LF) to tons.1547 lbs/ln ft div by 2= Tons 8 FY2 7 6 FY Cost/Ton % Recycled Hundreds of Tons Trash Success Story: Cost reduced by 5% between 22 and 28 although cost/ton of trash went UP!

11 Appendix 3.1 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary Report by Fuel Type and Sector Year: 28 Total Energy Use by Sector and by fuel type/unit noted (use per unit) Commercial / Industrial (use per unit) Transportation (use per unit) Total Energy use (per unit noted) Fuelwood (Cords) Natural Gas (therms) 1,991,668 2,167,49 4,158,717 Electricity (Mwh) 56,83 11, ,477 Propane (gal) 14,72 n/a 14,72 Coal (tons) 1 1 Heating Oil (gal 3,18,75 674,55 3,693,255 Diesel (gal) 1,152,296 1,152,296 Gasoline (gal) 8,269,774 8,269,774 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, Total Energy Use by Sector and by fuel type Commercial / Industrial Transportation Total Use Fuelwood 1,85 1,85 Natural Gas 199, , ,878 Electricity 193,867 33,38 496,94 Propane 13,13 13,13 Coal 1,921 1,921 Heating Oil 442,496 94,42 516,898 Diesel 148,7 148,7 Gasoline 951,24 951,24 Total 841, ,151 1,99,94 2,554,63 Commercial / Industrial Transportation Total Fuel Use by Sector and Type

12 Appendix 3.11 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary $$ Staying or Leaving the Community - Analysis SUMMARY by Fuel Type and Sector Year: Fuel Use (fuel type below) Sectors to right Energy Used (per unit noted) Energy Used Total Cost $$ staying in the community (Industry Standard) $$ Staying in community Percentage) TOTAL $$ Staying in Community TOTAL $$ Leaving the community cost assumptions/ unit Fuelwood (cords) 456 1,85 $125,4 1% 1% $125,4 $ $275/cord Natural Gas (therms) 4,158, ,878 $9,66,3 4-65% 5% $4,533,1 $4,533,1 $2.18/therm Electricity (Mwh) 158, ,94 $26,941, % 43% $11,584,669 $15,356,421 $.17/kwh Propane (gal) 14,72 13,13 $598,6 2% guestimation 2% $119,612 $478,448 $4.25/gal Coal (tons) & Misc 1 1,921 $26,5 1% guestimation 1% $2,65 $23,85 $265/ton Heating Oil (gal) 3,693, ,898 $16,619, cents/gal 7.5% $1,246,474 $15,373,174 $4.5/gal Diesel (gal) 1,152, ,69 $4,244, cents/gal 3.5% $148,547 $4,95,658 $3.45/gal Gasoline (gal) 8,269, ,25 $28,273, cents/gal 3.5% $989,586 $27,284,298 $3.45/gal Total 2,554,63 $85,468,523 $18,749,939 $67,144,85 % Staying % Leaving Transportation Commercial / Industrial ,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1. Industry Averages: fuel use by type per sector (millions of BTUs) % of revenue that stays or leaves the community $35,, TOTAL $$ Leaving the community TOTAL $$ Staying in Community $3,, $25,, $2,, $15,, $1,, $5,, $ 3. 28: Money that stays or leaves the community total $ spent by fuel type

13 Appendix 3.12 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary $$ Staying or Leaving the Community - Analysis DETAILS by Fuel Type and Sector Year: Fuel Use (fuel type below) Sectors to right ENERGY USE COST ($$) Commercial / Industrial Transport ation Commercial / Industrial Transportat ion $$ staying in the community (Industry Standard) $$ Staying in community Percentage) STAY LEAVE STAY LEAVE STAY LEAVE STAY LEAVE Com/Indus Com/Indus Transport ation Transportati on TOTAL TOTAL cost assumptions/ unit Fuelwood 1,85 $125,4 $ $ 1% 1% $125,4 $ $ $ $ $ $125,4 $ $275/cord Natural Gas 199, ,711 $4,341,836 $4,724,166 $ 4-65% 5% $2,17,918 $2,17,918 $2,362,83 $2,362,83 $ $ $4,533,1 $4,533,1 $2.18/therm Electricity 193,867 33,38 $9,656,51 $17,284,58 $ 42-44% 43% $4,152,299 $5,54,211 $7,432,369 $9,852,211 $ $ $11,584,669 $15,356,421 $.17/kwh Propane 13,13 $598,6 n/a $ 2% guestimation 2% $119,612 $478,448 $ $ $ $ $119,612 $478,448 $4.25/gal Coal & Misc 1,921 $26,5 $ $ 1% guestimation 1% $2,65 $23,85 $ $ $ $ $2,65 $23,85 $265/ton Heating Oil 442,496 94,42 $13,584,375 $3,35,273 $ 5-12 cents/gal 7.5% $1,18,828 $12,565,547 $227,645 $2,87,628 $ $ $1,246,474 $15,373,174 $4.5/gal Diesel 148,7 $ $ $4,244, cents/gal 3.5% $ $ $ $ $148,547 $4,95,658 $148,547 $4,95,658 $3.45/gal Gasoline 951,24 $ $ $28,273, cents/gal 3.5% $ $ $ $ $989,586 $27,284,298 $989,586 $27,284,298 $3.45/gal Total 841, ,151 1,99,94 $28,332,681 $25,44,19 $32,518,89 $7,589,77 $2,742,974 $1,22,98 $15,21,921 $1,138,133 $31,379,956 $18,749,938 $67,144,851 Summary Cost Analysis TOTAL $$ Staying in Community TOTAL $$ Leaving the community Fuelwood $125,4 $ Natural Gas $4,533,1 $4,533,1 Electricity $11,584,669 $15,356,421 Propane $119,612 $478,448 Coal & Misc $2,65 $23,85 Heating Oil $1,246,474 $15,373,174 Diesel $148,547 $4,95,658 Gasoline $989,586 $27,284,298 (TTL $7,589,77 $2,742,974 Com/Indus (TTL $1,22,298 $15,21,921 Transportation ( $1,138,133 $31,379,956 $35,, $3,, $25,, $2,, $15,, $1,, $5,, $ TOTAL $$ Leaving the community TOTAL $$ Staying in Community Cost Analysis $ Staying $ Leaving $14,, $12,, $ Staying $ Leaving Com/Indus Cost Analysis $ Staying $ Leaving Transport ation Cost Analysis $ Staying $ Leaving Fuelwood $125,4 $ $1,, Fuelwood $ $ Fuelwood $ $ Natural Gas $2,17,918 $2,17,918 $8,, Natural Gas $2,362,83 $2,362,83 $8,, Natural Gas $ $ Electricity $4,152,299 $5,54,211 Electricity $7,432,369 $9,862,211 Electricity $ $ $6,, $6,, Propane $119,612 $478,448 Propane $ $ Propane $ $ $4,, $4,, Coal & Misc $2,65 $23,85 Coal & Misc $ $ Coal & Misc $ $ Heating Oil $1,18,828 $12,565,547 $2,, Heating Oil $227,645 $2,87,628 $2,, Heating Oil $ $ $ Diesel $ $ Diesel $ $ Diesel $148,547 $4,95,658 $ Gasoline $ $ Gasoline $ $ Gasoline $989,586 $27,284,298 Total $7,589,77 $2,742,974 Total $1,22,98 $15,21,921 Total $1,138,133 $31,379,956 $12,, $1,, $ Staying $ Leaving $3,, $25,, $2,, $15,, $1,, $5,, $ $ Staying $ Leaving

14 Appendix 3.13 Greenfield Community-Wide Summary 1. Analysis by Energy Use Type: Electricity, Heat & Transportation Fuel 2. Back of Envelope Strategy Energy, Climate Change Enissions and Cost Year: 28 Climate Change (CC) Energy Type Energy Use (million Btu) Emissions (tons % of total CC Emissions Estimated Cost ($) CO2e) Electricity 496,95 133, % $26,941,9 Heat 958,632 69, % $26,9,344 Fuels for Vehicles 1,99,94 94, % $32,518,89 TOTAL 2,554, ,27 1% $85,468,523 Energy Use Heat 958,632 38% Transportation Fuels 1,99,9443% Electricity 496,95 19% 2. Back of Envelope Strategy: Reduce Energy use, switch to electricity and biomass Energy Type Use Cost ($) Electricity 496,95 $26,941,9 Heat 958,632 $26,9,344 Fuels for Vehicles 1,99,94 $32,518,89 TOTAL 2,554,631 $85,468,523 Strategy - 5% reduction ELEC-lights, power switch, appliances-need 9MW HEAT-insulate/air seal, solar, use elec and wood - 18MW? TRANSP-cut in half, move closer, walk, bike, mass transit more efficient car, smart growth, use electric - 18 MW? 45 MW of electricity would meet our needs we have 11 MW of hydropower + add solar etc.

15 Appendix 3.14 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary General Public: Energy Use, CO2e, and Cost 21 & 28 Assumption: General public transportation accounts for 75% of total Transportation energy use; 21 Energy Use 28 Energy Use Gen public Transportation 47% Gen public Transportation 43% Buildings 57% Buildings 53% Sector Climate Change Energy Equivalent Emissions (CC) % of total CC Emissions 21 Estimated Cost ($) (million Btu) (tons CO2e) Buildings 91,445 16,169 64% $15,69,631 Gen public Transportation 681,96 58,72 35% $7,843,885 Waste n/a 1,435 1% $334,991 TOTAL 1,592, ,324 1% $23,869,57 Sector Climate Change Energy Equivalent Emissions (CC) % of total CC Emissions 21 Estimated Cost ($) (million Btu) (tons CO2e) Buildings 841,386 1,437 57% $28,332,681 Gen public Transportation 747,892 72,827 42% $16,99,765 Waste n/a 1,435 1% $316,571 TOTAL 1,589, ,699 1% $45,559,17

16 Appendix 3.15 Year Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Trends: Energy Use, Climate Change Emissions & Cost Years: FY21 & FY28 Variance from change % change change/21 Energy 91, ,386-69,59-8% eco2 (tons) 15,498 1,472-5,27-5% Cost ($) $15,745,231 $28,332,681 $12,587,45 8% Commercial Energy 557,34 513,331-43,973-8% eco2 (tons) 93,189 82,37-1,819-12% Cost ($) $13,397,283 $2,847,546 $7,45,263 56% Industrial Energy 1,819 1,819 % eco2 (tons) 19,856 2, % Cost ($) $2,866,872 $3,77,27 $93,335 32% Transportation Energy 1,132,145 1,99,94-33,51-3% eco2 (tons) 97,49 94,13-3,36-3% Cost ($) $15,716,779 $32,518,89 $16,81,31 17% Waste Total Energy n/a ma n/a n/a eco2 (tons) 1, % Cost ($) $334,991 $316,571 -$18,42-5% Energy 2,7,713 2,554,63-146,83-5% eco2 (tons) 317, ,6-19,463-6% Cost ($) 48,61,156 85,785,94 37,723,938 78% This report has been generated for Greenfield, ma using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.

17 Appendix 3.16 Greenfield Community-wide report Climate Change Emissions by Fuel Type and Sector Year: FY8 Total Climate Change Emissions by Fuel Type and Sector (Tons CO2e) Commercial / Industrial (Tons CO2e) Transportation (Tons CO2e) Total (Tons CO2e) Percentage of Total Fuelwood (Cords) % Natural Gas (therms) 12,35 13,388 25,694 9% Electricity (Mwh) 51,988 81, ,251 45% Propane (gal) % Coal (tons) % Heating Oil (gal 34,926 7,8 42,726 14% Diesel (gal) 81,274 12,856 4% Gasoline (gal) 12,856 81,274 27% Total 1,473 12,451 94,13 298,6 1% (Tons CO2e) Commercial / Industrial (Tons CO2e) Transportation (Tons CO2e) 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Climate Change Emission by fuel type and Sector

18 Appendix 3.17 Greenfield: Community-wide Summary Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector Base Year: FY21 Sector Nitrous Oxide (NOx) (lbs) Sulfur Oxide (SOx) (lbs) Carbon Monoxide (CO) (lbs) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) (Lbs) Particulate Matter (PM) (lbs) Commercial Industrial Transportation Waste??? n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a TOTAL 1,8,413 38,125 5,526,471 62,41 21,818 Notes: NOx & VOCs- causes smog-related health problems - lungs, heart etc. SOx - causes acid rain CO - asphyxiate PM - lung irritant causes lung disease 6 5 Commercial Industrial Transportation

19 Appendix 3.18 Understanding Fuels - Fuel Crazies 1. Finding a Common Unit, Cost & Climate Change Emissions ` Renewable fuels costs based on MA DOER 27 numbers in the 27 Pioneer Valley Clean Energy Plan (PVCEP). It assumes a 2 year life at a 5% discount rate. For biomass plants, it assumes a fuel cost of $25/ton for green wood, and O&M es[emdiroe pof 4% pf the capitol cost. For the biodiesel plant, it assume $2/gal feestock and operational cost. BTU/unit Cost Assumptions Climate Change Cost/MMBtu $/unit Emissions (lbs Fuel type and unit CO2/MMBtu) Source COST/btu MILLION Biomass (1 dry cord) 23,696, 18 $14 $ Coal (1 ton) 19,214, 217 $14 $ Diesel (1 gallon) 128,5 172 $3 $ Electricity (Mwh) (NE Grid) 3, $5 $ Gasoline (1 gallon) 115, 165 $3 $ Natural Gas (1-CCF) 1, 123 $22 $ Oil (1 gallon) 13, $34 $ Propane (1 gallon) 91,6 145 $46 $ Solar - passive solar heating n/a $ $. Solar- Hot water n/a $21 $8, to install PVCEP Solar - Elec. (Photovoltaic) n/a $163 $17, to install PVCEP Solar - PV with 7% rebate n/a $49 $17, to install Wind n/a $27 $7.5 mil to install PVCEP Elec. from 5MW Biomass plant n/a n/a $23 $135mil to build PVCEP Elec. From 5MW biomass plant n/a n/a $31 $17.5 mil to build PVCEP Biodiesel, small: 1mil gal/yr n/a n/a $16 $8.5mil to build PVCEP Ethanol n/a depends on source n/a n/a #VALUE! 1 Hydro n/a depends on source n/a n/a Notes: PVCEP: Pioneer Valley Clean Energy Plan Cost ($ / MMBtu) 6 Tens of Pounds of Climate Change Emissions / MMBtu Money by Fuel Type - How Much Stays Here - How Much goes Away % Staying % Leaving Fuel type $$ Staying % Staying Fuelwood 1% 1.% Natural Gas 4-65% 5.% Electricity 42-44% 43.% Propane 2% guestimation 2.% Coal 1% guestimation 1.% Heating Oil 5-12 cents/gal 7.5% Diesel 2-5 cents/gal 3.5% Gasoline 2-5 cents/gal 3.5%.2 Notes Nat Gas & Electricity have labor intensive infrastructures for delivery & billing - wires and pipes, individual meters etc. Propane, coal, heating oil - delivery by truck Gasoline & Diesel - Tiny infrastructure - the customers to them