TICAD セミナーシリーズ第 3 回 アフリカにおける気候変動への対策. JICA s Approach to Climate Change. Hideo Eguchi Africa Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

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1 TICAD セミナーシリーズ第 3 回 アフリカにおける気候変動への対策 JICA s Approach to Climate Change Hideo Eguchi Africa Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 1

2 Today s main message 1. The Africa continent is economically, socially, and physically vulnerable to climate change effects. 2. Africa therefore needs more investment and integrated approaches that address the needs for both adaptation and mitigation with a sense of urgency. 3. Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures should be compatible with, and not a trade-off with, socio-economic development in Africa. 4. Partnership is crucial in achieving the ambitious goal agreed at COP21. 2

3 Needs for strengthening resilience Africa s needs on strengthening resilience extend across sectors and regions, such as; Drought risk management in semi-arid areas Flood management in the Indian Ocean coastal areas Climate smart agriculture Climate smart urban development in mega-cities Coastal zone conservation for island and coastal countries Watershed management in the major river basins 3

4 JICA s response 1. Strengthening resilience of Africa s assets 1.1 Disaster risk reduction 1.2 Sustainable urban development 1.3 Reducing deforestation (TREES initiative) 1.4 Climate smart agriculture 2. Promoting low carbon energy 2.1 Geothermal Development in the Great Rift Valley 2.2 Hydropower development (Inga 2 hydro power station) 3. Enabling resilience 3.1 Capacity development of the government 3.2 Joint research for science, technology and innovation 4

5 1. Strengthening Resilience 1.1 Disaster risk reduction 1.2 Sustainable urban development 1.3 Climate smart agriculture 1.4 Reducing deforestation (TREES initiative) 5

6 1.1 JICA s assistance to disaster risk reduction 1. Meteorological (includes floods) : Mauritius (GA), Mozambique (TC), Kenya (TC, GA), Tunisia (LA) 2. Coastal Erosion: Seyshelles (TC), Senegal (TC), Mauritius (TC) 3. Land slide: Mauritius (TC) 4. Climate index insurance: Ethiopia (TC) 6

7 1.1 JICA s assistance to disaster risk reduction-tanzania Tanzania central railway rehabilitation Flood protection measures in flood prone areas Technical assistance program that focuses on capacity building to conduct preventive flood protection measures. Close collaboration with the World Bank 7

8 1.2 Framework for Sustainable Urban development 8 (Reference:JICA)

9 1.2 Framework for Sustainable Urban development 9 ( 出典 JICA)

10 1.2 Several ongoing/complete master plans in Sustainable urban development Completed master plans Nairobi, Kenya (2014) Abidjan, Cote d Ivore (2015) On-going master plans Dakar, Senegal Mombasa, Kenya 10

11 1.3 Climate Smart Agriculture- Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) Goal: Double rice production in Sub-Sahara Africa from 14 million tons in 2008 to 28 million tons by 2018 JICA is collaborating with the World Bank and other partners to assist 22 African countries Blue : JICA and WB both engage (9 countries) (Cote d Ivoire, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Benin, Cameroun, Rwanda, Tanzania, Mozambique, Madagascar) Green:JICA on-going projects (7 countries) (Senegal, Nigeria, DRC, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia) Light Blue:WB on-gong Projects( 6 countries) (Gambia, Mali, Guiniea, Siera Leone, Liberia, Togo) Gray:No on-going projects (CAR) 11

12 1.3 Climate Smart Agriculture-Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought in Northern Kenya COMMUNITY MANAGED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION(CMDRR) ECHO : Disaster Risk Reduction Action Plan (DRRAP) Implementation of CMDRR approach was a key component Vision & Components of DRAAP Emphasis on long-term intervention to address the underlying causes of vulnerability. Some of the concepts prioritized include, CMDRR approach Sustainable Natural Resources Management Livelihood Diversification Conflict Sensitive Programming Livestock Value chain, etc. What is CMDRR Approach? CMDRR refers to a process of disaster risk reduction in which communities are actively engaged in the identification, analysis, monitoring and evaluation of the risks, with the aim of reducing people s vulnerabilities and enhancing their capacities.. JICA : Enhancing Community Resilience against Drought(ECORAD) in Northern Kenya Adoption of CMDRR approach and sharing the vision & components of DRAAP 12

13 1.3 Climate Smart Agriculture- Weather Index Insurance in Ethiopia HOW THE WEATHER INDEX WORKS Payout (Birr) Payouts are determined by a pre-defined rainfall amount (INDEX) rather than actual measurement of damage on farmers harvests. 1.Trigger= Point Which Payout Begins. 2.Exit=Point Maximum Payout is Made. Max Payout No Payout Full Payout Partial Payout Rainfall 2. Exit (mm) 1. Trigger (mm) 13

14 2.1 Reducing deforestation through the TREES Initiative Total approach for Natural Resource Management, REDD+, Ecosystem Conservation and Sustainable Development Vision: Promote comprehensive actions to improve livelihood of forest dependent local communities and to protect irreplaceable African forest TREES Initiative - Human Resource & Institutional Development - Collaboration with local community - Economic Growth & Industrial Development (JAXA/ALOS) Dryland Forestry (Combatting Desertification, Land Degradation) Biodiversity Conservation Forest Information System (REDD+MRV, NFMS, NFI) Regional Framework - COMIFAC - SADC Participatory Forest Management Intra-African Products Trade

15 1.4 TREES Initiative Support for Regional Initiatives - Forest / biodiversity conservation and climate change countermeasures in the Congo River Basin and Southern Africa (in collaboration with COMIFAC & SADC) How effective? Wide supports covering countries in needs Network building addressing regional challenges (ex. transboundary protected area, forest fire) and promoting knowledge-sharing Sharing tools (ex. regional forests info. system, regional guidelines) What needed for the next steps? Further strengthening network and knowledge-sharing Facilitating the countries to access diverse development finance More effective collaboration with other key partners incl. WB * COMIFAC: Central Africa Forests Commission, SADC: Southern African Development Community 15

16 2. Building resilience of energy sector in Africa 2.1 Geothermal 2.2 Hydropower 16

17 2. JICA s focus on energy sector in Africa In Africa, access to affordable, reliable and clean power is essential. To strengthen energy security including mitigation of negative impact of crude oil price fluctuation, development of abundant regional energy resources such as hydro, geothermal and natural gas is key. Focus on developing base load energy Development of reliable power network systems is key Focus on developing network systems To rectify power outages by lack of capacity, capacity development of power utilities is key Focus on capacity development 17

18 2.1 Geothermal Development Projects in African Great Rift Valley Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Tanzania, Uganda (D/C) Situation analysis study on geothermal in Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Tanzania, Uganda) (2010) Rwanda(D/C) Data collection survey on geothermal development (2013) Tanzania, Uganda(D/C) Data collection survey on geothermal energy development in east Africa (2014) Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia(D/C) Data collection survey on geothermal energy development in south Africa(2013) Survey comprehensively in phases Select high geothermal potential areas (countries) Implement projects Leg. :Project completion or in progress :Project under consideration (D/C):Data collection survey, (T/C):Technical cooperation Djibouti Data collection survey on geothermal development (D/C, ) Ethiopia Formulating M/P on development of geothermal energy( T/C, ) Geothermal power plant project in Aluto Langano (Loan, Under consideration) Kenya Capacity strengthening for geothermal development project (T/C) ( ) Reviewing GDC s geothermal development strategy (T/C) ( ) Olkaria I unit 4 and 5 geothermal power project (Loan, L/A 2009) Olkaria V power plant (140MW) under consideration (Loan) Rwanda Preparation of Electricity Development Plan for Sustainable Geothermal Energy Development (T/C, ) 18

19 2.1 Completion of Olkaria I Unit 4 and 5 Geothermal Power Plant L/A Amount: 29,500 million JPY L/A Signed: March 2010 Completed: January 11, 2015 Capacity: 70MW X 2

20 2.2 The Project for Rehabilitation of Inga 2 Hydropower Station Source:GSDPM

21 3. Enabling resilience in Africa 3.1 capacity development of the government 3.2 Joint research for science, technology and innovation 21

22 3.1 JICA s assistance to disaster risk reduction-mozambique Case of Mozambique Major framework on Disaster Risk Reduction has been already established by WB and other donors JICA focuses on implementation in each specific technical organizations National Meteorological Institute Inspection of meteorological observation instruments, quality control of data Methods for weather forecasting and warning National Directorate of Water Utilization/ management of river info, flood forecasting technique and early warning system, river flow modeling Human resource and institutional development plan 22

23 3.2 Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS) International joint researches on global issues*, among research institutions in developing countries and Japan are promoted by MOFA JICA and MEXT JST/AMED in collaboration. * Environment, energy, disaster prevention, infectious disease control The objectives are elaboration of outcome to lead to problem solving and capacity building of institutions in developing countries. MEXT JST/AMED Support collaboration MOFA/JICA Technical Cooperation Research institutions in Japan International joint research Research Partnership Research institutions in developing countries Reinforcement of capacity in developing countries to find solutions for problems by their own MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs JST: Japan Science and Technology Agency JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency AMED: The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

24 3.2 The objective of SATREPS International Joint Research Latest technologies and knowledge Human resources & Sustainable research activities Model Simulation Satellite Observation Distribution of Ozone 24

25 3.2 Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS) 15 out of 26 projects are related to climate change (adaptation, mitigation). Environment and energy:10 (Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Gabon, Zambia, Burkina Faso, Botswana, South Africa, Mozambique) Bioresources: 5 (Tunisia/Morocco, Cameroon, Kenya, Sudan, Namibia) 25

26 Towards TICAD VI 26

27 Build on the commitments made at TICAD V (2013) 27

28 5.Towards TICAD VI In COP 21, Government of Japan launched the Actions for Cool Earth: ACE2.0 at COP 21, that aims to provide 1.3 trillion JPY (approx. 11 billion USD) annually of public and private finance to developing countries until The World Bank Group announced its Africa Climate Business Plan including financing plan of 16 billion USD untill African Countries submited Africa s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the UN prior to COP 21. Against this background, JICA will.. Deepen its discussion with the World Bank Group, African states, and TICAD partners on the climate change agenda in Africa. Contribute to formulate a TICAD VI Action Plan to be adopted in Nairobi in summer of Selectively contribute by utilizing its comparative advantage in Japan s experience and technology. 28