Groundwater Innovations

Transcription

1 Groundwater Innovations S.A. Prathapar ADB HQ, Manila, February 2018 The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 1 or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy waterpartnership.org.au of the data included in this paper/presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

2 Outline 1. Aquifers are unique natural endowments 2. If you can t measure You can t manage 3. Bandwidth of Aquifer Resilience 4. GWL : static, rise or fall PROBLEM! 1. Waterlogging & Salinization 2. Saline water intrusion & up-coning 3. Flooding 5. Urban Water Management 1. Managed Aquifer Recharge 2. Green Disposal of Treated Waste Water 6. Possible areas of support from ADB to DMCs 2 waterpartnership.org.au

3 Aquifers Store, Treat and Transfer Water Inflow recharge from rainfall; recharge from floods; recharge from irrigation; recharge from farm tanks; recharge from rivers; inflow from other basins; Outflow evapotranspiration from groundwater; pumping from groundwater; discharge to rivers; outflow to other basins; and S = change in groundwater storage. Except for pumping, none are directly measurable 3 waterpartnership.org.au

4 IF YOU DON T MEASURE IT YOU CAN T MANAGE IT 4 waterpartnership.org.au

5 Groundwater Levels fluctuate! 5 waterpartnership.org.au

6 Bandwidth of Aquifer Resilience Prathapar et al waterpartnership.org.au

7 In the absence of piezometric data Chinnasamy et al Water Storage Anomaly , Gujarat, India Water Storage Anomaly , Gujarat, India GRACE Anomalies 7 waterpartnership.org.au

8 Changes to Groundwater Levels in IBIS Aslam & Prathapar (2006) 8 waterpartnership.org.au

9 Rise, Static or Fall, PROBLEMS! 9 waterpartnership.org.au

10 Managing Groundwater Induced Salinization Sindh, Pakistan NSW, Australia 10 waterpartnership.org.au

11 Subsurface Evaporation Basins Surinaidu et al Saline groundwater is discharged through bare soil resulting in salinity. Bare soil evaporation rates are usually less than 10% PE. By re-directing saline groundwater to ponds where evaporation equals PE, area salinized will be reduced. Other benefits: Agro-forestry/Fodder Aquaculture Industrial Salts 11 waterpartnership.org.au

12 Managing Up-coning: Skimming Wells Asghar et al /12/ South Asia Regional Groundwater Seminar waterpartnership.org.au

13 When Groundwater Level Rises Increasing Flood Resilience 13 waterpartnership.org.au

14 Surface Drainage or Horizontal Sub-surface Drainage is infeasible in Flood Plains of Bihar, India waterpartnership.org.au

15 Vertical Drains Prathapar et al waterpartnership.org.au

16 Rehabilitate Village Ponds in the EGP Okwany et al Total Tanks Permanent Tanks Temporary Tanks # Tanks Area (ha) # Tanks Area (ha) # Tanks Area (ha) District Dhanusa Dinajpur Kochbihar Madubhani Maldah Purnia Rajshahi Rongpur Saptari Sunsari waterpartnership.org.au

17 Resilience through Rehabilitated Ponds Bastakoti et al Before After 17 waterpartnership.org.au

18 Managed Aquifer Recharge 18 waterpartnership.org.au

19 Managing Groundwater Depletion Groundwater Levels in Kabul 19 waterpartnership.org.au

20 Water Availability is Limited Rainfall in Baluchistan, Pakistan Extreme Events in Punjab, India 16 Return Period Quetta Rainfall 20 waterpartnership.org.au

21 Land for MAR is also limited 21 waterpartnership.org.au

22 Consider Aquifer Capacity 22 waterpartnership.org.au

23 Consider Aquifer Type May-Nov 2000 May-Nov 2008 Acknowledgement: Shah 23 waterpartnership.org.au

24 Kandeel Delay Action Dam at Muslim Bagh, Balochistan Acknowledgement: Ashraf 24 Groundwater Recharge waterpartnership.org.au

25 Managing Silt Leaky Dam, Balochistan Recharge Dam, Oman MAR Seminar waterpartnership.org.au

26 How to by-pass the silt deposition during inundation? Soil Surface Silt MAR Seminar waterpartnership.org.au

27 Drain Accelerated Recharge: DARE Prathapar et al waterpartnership.org.au Groundwater Recharge

28 Velocity Vectors Max. flow velocity: 45 m/d Max. depth of infiltration: >10m 8 m a) Max. flow velocity: 1.2 m/d b) 28 waterpartnership.org.au

29 Roof-top Rainwater Harvesting to increase storage and minimize sea water intrusion Jaffna, Sri Lanka waterpartnership.org.au

30 TREATED WATER MANAG MENT 30 waterpartnership.org.au

31 MAR of Treated Waste Water in Oman Prathapar et al SPREADING BASIN INJECTION 31 OWSC MAR Final Report waterpartnership.org.au

32 Treated Water Use in Greenhouses Abu Dhabi Excess TW Disposed Greenhouse area irrigable with Excess TW 32 waterpartnership.org.au

33 Treated Water in Conjunctive Use Oman Khamisi et al (2012) 33 waterpartnership.org.au

34 Greywater Treatment and Reuse in Oman Prathapar et al waterpartnership.org.au

35 NEW CLARK CITY PFS Assessment of Water Demand Assessment of Surface Water Resources Assessment of Groundwater Resources Quantity Quality Assessment of Waste Water disposal options Disposal to the River Irrigating Public Green Area Irrigated Agriculture Greenhouse Agriculture Aquaculture Managed Aquifer Recharge 35 waterpartnership.org.au

36 How can ADB help? Determination of measures for governments and communities to adopt DMCs have IDs and WSSDs but Groundwater Institutions are weak Groundwater monitoring program Increase awareness Develop and implement enforceable regulations Identify groundwater protection zones. Encourage MAR in urban and rural areas. Encourage green solutions to dispose treated waste water 36 waterpartnership.org.au

37 The Australian Water Partnership is supported by the Australian Government 37 waterpartnership.org.au