NZS 4407:2015. New Zealand Standard. Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates. Superseding all parts of NZS 4407:1991 NZS 4407:2015

Transcription

1 NZS 4407:2015 New Zealand Standard Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates Superseding all parts of NZS 4407:1991 NZS 4407:2015

2 Committee Representation This standard was prepared under the supervision of the P 4407 Committee for the Standards Council established under the Standards Act The committee consisted of representatives of the following nominating organisations: Aggregate and Quarry Association of New Zealand Incorporated Jayden Ellis Civil Contractors New Zealand David Hotham International Accreditation New Zealand Grant Bosma The Civil Engineering Testing Association of New Zealand (CETANZ) Frank Hu New Zealand Transport Agency Alan Stevens Acknowledgement Standards New Zealand gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the NZ Transport Agency and the contribution of time and expertise from all those involved in developing this standard. In particular, Standards New Zealand acknowledges the employers of the committee members; Civil Contractors New Zealand, Downer NZ Ltd, Fulton Hogan, Opus International Consultants, and Stevenson Laboratory Limited. Copyright The copyright of this document is the property of the Standards Council. No part of this document may be reproduced by photocopying or by any other means without the prior written permission of the Chief Executive of Standards New Zealand, unless the circumstances are covered by Part 3 of the Copyright Act Standards New Zealand will vigorously defend the copyright in this standard. Every person who breaches Standards New Zealand s copyright may be liable, under section 131(5)(a) of the Copyright Act 1994, to a fine not exceeding $10,000 for every infringing copy to which the offence relates, but not exceeding $150,000 for the same transaction, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years. Those in breach under section 131(5)(b) of the Copyright Act 1994 may be liable to a fine not exceeding $150,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years. If there has been a flagrant breach of copyright, Standards New Zealand may also seek additional damages from the infringing party, in addition to obtaining injunctive relief and an account of profits. Published by Standards New Zealand, the trading arm of the Standards Council, Private Bag 2439, Wellington Telephone: (04) ; Fax: (04) ; Website: AMENDMENTS No. Date of issue Description Entered by, and date

3 New Zealand Standard Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates Superseding all parts of NZS 4407:1991 ISBN (Print) ISBN (PDF)

4 NOTES

5 Contents Committee representation... IFC Acknowledgement... IFC Copyright... IFC Referenced documents... vi Latest revisions... vii Review of standards... vii Foreword...viii Outcome statement...viii Section 1 PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL Scope Interpretation Definitions Notations Abbreviations Apparatus Absolute density of water METHODS OF SAMPLING ROAD AGGREGATES Scope Random selection of representative sample locations Field sample size Sampling procedure Packaging and labelling of samples for transportation Sampling documentation Sample size reduction METHODS OF TESTING ROAD AGGREGATES LABORATORY TESTS The water content of aggregate Test Method The cone penetration limit Test Method The plastic limit Test Method The plasticity index Test Method The clay index Test Method The sand equivalent Test Method The solid density of aggregate particles Particle size distribution The cleanness value of coarse aggregate Test Method The crushing resistance of coarse aggregate under a specified load Test Method The weathering quality index of coarse aggregate Test Method The abrasion resistance of aggregate by use of the Los Angeles machine Test Method The size and shape of aggregate particles Test Method iii

6 3.14 The broken faces content of aggregate Test Method The California bearing ratio (CBR) Test Method METHODS OF TESTING ROAD AGGREGATES FIELD TESTS The density of compacted aggregate sand replacement method Test Method The field water content and field dry density of compacted materials method using a nuclear moisture-density gauge direct transmission Test Method The field water content and field dry density of compacted materials method using a nuclear moisture-density gauge backscatter mode Test Method Table 1 Maximum mass of material to be retained on each test sieve at the completion of sieving Recommended balance capacity and accuracy Absolute density of water (t/m 3 ) over temperature range 5 C 30 C Size of field samples Test sample size Size of test sample for sieving Cleanness values (CV) for 0 to 400 mm height readings (H ) Test conditions for various aggregate sizes Weathering quality index Gradings of test specimen Minimum masses of aggregate...94 Figure 1 Diagram of a suitable sample divider (riffle) Cone penetration apparatus Rolled threads of soil for plastic limit tests Illustration of the drop test for determining the end point of methylene blue titration Sand equivalent apparatus Motorised sand equivalent shaker Pycnometer with glass plate and rubber stopper Example equipment arrangements for the measurement of density by immersion in water Example chart for plotting particle size distribution Apparatus for determining crushing resistance of coarse aggregate Weathering quality index Los Angeles machine ALD gauge AGD trough Correct placement of aggregate particles in AGD trough...90 iv

7 16 Mould for CBR determination CBR swell test apparatus Typical force-penetration curves Pouring cylinder, digging tray, and calibrating container Form 1 Determination of water content Determination of the cone penetration limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index Determination of clay index Determination of sand equivalent Determination of solid density of aggregate particles pycnometer method Determination of solid density of aggregate particles immersion in water Determination of the particle size distribution wet sieve method Determination of particle size distribution dry sieve method Determination of weathering quality index of coarse aggregate Detemination of the abrasion resistance by use of Los Angeles machine Determination of the size and shape of sealing chips Determination of the broken faces of aggregate Determination of the California bearing ratio (CBR) remoulded specimens Determination of the density of compacted a ggregate sand replacement method v

8 Referenced documents Reference is made in this document to the following: New Zealand standards NZS 3111:1986 NZS 4402:---- Part 2.7.1:1986 Part 2.8.1:1986 Part 2.8.2:1986 Part 3.4:1986 Part 4.1.1:1986 Part 4.1.2:1986 Part 4.1.3:1986 Part 5.1.1:1986 Part 6.1.1:1986 Methods of test for water and aggregate for concrete Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes Soil classification tests Test Method for coarse, medium and fine soils Soil classification tests Test Standard method by wet sieving Soil classification tests Test Subsidiary method by dry sieving Soil chemical tests Test 3.4 Detection of presence of allophane in soils Soil compaction tests Determination of the dry density/ water content relationship Test New Zealand standard compaction test Soil compaction tests Determination of the dry density/ water content relationship Test New Zealand heavy compaction test Soil compaction tests Determination of the dry density/ water content relationship Test New Zealand vibrating hammer compaction test Soil density tests Determination of the density of soil Test sand replacment method for the determintation of in situ density Soil strength tests Determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test Standard laboratory method for remoulded specimens American standards ASTM D5-13 ASTM E11-13 ASTM E Standard test method for penetration of bituminous materials Standard specification for woven wire test sieve cloth and test sieves Standard specification for perforated-plate sieves for testing purposes Australian standards AS 1152:1993 AS 2013:1978 Specification for test sieves Dial gauges and dial test indicators (metric series) vi

9 British standards BS 410:---- Part 1:2000 BS 593:1989 BS 5404:---- Part 2:1977 BS EN ISO 385:2005 BS EN ISO 648:2008 Test sieves. Technical requirements and testing Test sieves of metal wire cloth Specification for laboratory thermometers Specification for plastics laboratory ware Graduated measuring cylinders Laboratory glassware. Burettes Laboratory glassware. Single-volume pipettes BS EN ISO 1042:2000 Laboratory glassware. One-mark volumetric flasks BS EN ISO 4788:2005 Laboratory glassware. Graduated measuring cylinders BS EN ISO 7500:---- Part 1:2004 Metallic materials. Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Tension/compression testing machines. Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system BS EN ISO 13130:2011 Laboratory glassware. Desiccators New Zealand legislation Radiation Protection Act 1965 Radiation Protection Regulations 1982 Websites Latest revisions The users of this standard should ensure that their copies of referenced documents listed above are the latest revisions. Standards referenced in NZS 4407 will continue to evolve beyond its publication. Take care to ensure that standards more recently published remain contextually appropriate; if there is any doubt, use the version of the standard referenced. Amendments to referenced New Zealand and Joint Australian/New Zealand standards can be found on Review of standards Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Chief Executive, Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington vii

10 Foreword Road transport is a major component of New Zealand s infrastructure and quality in construction is an essential consideration. Aggregate quality is fundamental to the construction of the pavements required to support road transport. This standard, which was originally published in 1991 (as a series of test methods) provides the basis for the testing of road aggregate characteristics. Following requests by users of this standard a committee was formed to review and update the previous version of the standard. The principal objective of the committee was to survey users of the standard, assemble comments, and update the standard to reflect advances in aggregate testing and laboratory best practice. In updating this standard the committee has not attempted to make fundamental changes to the test methods. The intent was to update and fine-tune the methods without changing the principles on which they are based. Outcome statement This standard details test methods and procedures for testing aggregates for the purpose of road pavement construction. Testing agencies that use this standard will be able to demonstrate to stakeholders that aggregates are compliant and fit for purpose. viii

11 New Zealand Standard Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates 1 PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL 1.1 Scope This standard specifies methods of sampling and testing road aggregates as follows: General provisions section 1; Methods of sampling section 2; Methods of testing in the laboratory section 3; Methods of testing in the field section Interpretation For the purposes of this standard, the word shall refers to requirements that are essential for compliance with the standard, while the word should refers to practices that are advised or recommended. The forms that accompany the test methods in this standard are illustrative only; other ways of documenting results may be used. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard the following definitions apply: Aggregate A granular material of mineral composition such as a processed or naturally occurring rock, gravel, sand, or synthetic materials such as slag Aggregate size Maximum aggregate size Nominal aggregate size The smallest sieve aperture in a set through which all the aggregate passes, for example all passing 40 mm (AP40) An indication of the maximum particle size present: it is usually expressed as a convenient whole number above the largest sieve size to retain more than 0% and less than 10% of the aggregate material 1

12 Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates This is a free sample only. Purchase the full publication here: Or contact Standards New Zealand using one of the following methods. Freephone: (New Zealand) Phone: enquiries@standards.govt.nz