Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability

Transcription

1 LIVING IN THE ENVIRONMENT, 18e G. TYLER MILLER SCOTT E. SPOOLMAN 1 Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability Cengage Learning 2015

2 Cite your book using APA Formatting Cengage Learning 2015

3 APA Citation e/560/01/ Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Cengage Learning 2015

4 Chapter Objectives You will: understand the main themes of this book describe an environmentally sustainable society calculate and predict human population growth Cengage Learning 2015

5 Chapter Objectives (cont d) differentiate the environmental costs of poverty and affluence identify major human cultural changes use the four scientific principles of sustainability to build more environmentally sustainable and just societies during this century Cengage Learning 2015

6 p. 4

7 Teaching the next generation Fig. 1-1a, p. 4

8 Fig. 1-1b, p. 4

9 Solar Energy Three scientific principles of sustainability Chemical Cycling Biodiversity Fig. 1-2, p. 6

10 natural resources (blue) natural or ecosystem services (orange) Fig. 1-3, p. 7

11 Solar energy Natural Capital Natural Capital = Natural Resources + Ecosystem Services Air Air purification Climate control UV protection (ozone layer) Water Water purification Waste treatment Renewable energy (sun, wind, water flows) Life (biodiversity) Population control Pest control Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand) Soil Soil renewal Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels) Land Food production Nutrient recycling Natural resources Ecosystem services Fig. 1-3, p. 7

12 Small remaining area of once diverse Amazon rain forest surrounded by vast simplified soybean fields in the Brazilian state of Motto Grosso. Fig. 1-4, p. 8

13 Three social science principles of sustainability ECONOMICS Full-cost pricing Fig. 1-5, p. 9

14 It would take more than a million years for natural processes to replace the coal that was removed within a couple of decades from this strip mine in Wyoming (USA). Fig. 1-6, p. 9

15 Fig. 1-7, p. 11

16 Point-source air pollution from smoke stacks in a coal-burning industrial plant. Fig. 1-8, p. 11

17 The trash in this river came from a large area of land and is an example of nonpoint-source water pollution Fig. 1-9, p. 11

18 A makeshift home for a poor family in a Mumbai, India, slum with few possessions. Fig. 1-10a, p. 12

19 a typical suburban home for a U.S. family in Maryland that is filled with their possessions. Fig. 1-10b, p. 12

20 Fig. 1-11, p. 13

21 The human ecological footprint has an impact on about 83% of the earth s total land surface. Fig. 1-12, p. 13

22 IPAT is Another Environmental Impact Model I = P x A x T I = Environmental impact P = Population A = Affluence T = Technology Cengage Learning 2015

23 Less-Developed Countries Population (P) Consumption Technological X per person X impact per unit of = (affluence, A) consumption (T) Environmental impact of population (I) More-Developed Countries Fig. 1-14, p. 15

24 Causes of Environmental Problems Population growth Unsustainable resource use Poverty Excluding environmental costs from market prices Increasing isolation from nature For each of these causes, what are two environmental problems that result? Fig. 1-15, p. 16

25 In 2008, humanity s total, or global, ecological footprint was at least 30% higher than the earth s biological capacity (bottom) and is projected to be twice the planet s biological capacity by around What will happen in the next 50 years? Fig. 1-13, p. 14

26 Industrial revolution Black Death the Plague? Billions of people Hunting and gathering Time Agricultural revolution Industrial revolution Fig. 1-16, p. 17

27 Case Study: China s Growing Number of Affluent Consumers World s largest population Second largest economy Two-thirds of the most polluted cities are in China Projections for next decade Largest consumer and producer of cars Cengage Learning 2015

28 Poor settlers in Peru have cleared and burned this small plot of tropical rain forest in the Amazon and planted it with maize seedlings. Fig. 1-17, p. 18

29 One of every three children younger than age 5 in lessdeveloped countries, including this starving child in Bangladesh, suffers from severe malnutrition caused by a lack of calories and protein. Fig. 1-18, p. 19

30 p. 27

31 1-4: What Is an Environmentally Sustainable Society? Living sustainably Live off the earth s natural income without depleting or degrading the natural capital that supplies it Cengage Learning 2015

32 These ecotourists atop endangered Asian elephants in India s Kaziranga National Park are learning about threatened barasingha deer and numerous other species. Fig. 1-19, p. 20

33 individuals matter Tuy Sereivathana: Elephant Protector p. 22

34 p. 22

35 p. 23

36 A Vision of a More Sustainable Earth p. 24

37 Earth s natural and human cultural systems ability to survive, flourish, and adapt to changing environmental conditions into the long-term future is called. 1. acclimation 2. climate control 3. sustainability 4. stabilization

38 What term describes the variety of genes, organisms, species, and ecosystems in which organisms exist and interact? 1. biodiversity 2. natural capital 3. environmentalism 4. renewability

39 What are the three scientific principles of sustainability, as illustrated in the image below? 1. solar energy, purification, and population control 2. solar energy, fossil fuels, and biodiversity 3. air purification, chemical processing, and pest control 4. solar energy, chemical processing, and biodiversity

40 A major environmental problem is, or the contamination of the environment by a chemical or other agent. 1. chemical cycling 2. degradation 3. pollution 4. poverty

41 Do you think enough emphasis is being placed on the development of solar energy products for everyday consumers? 1. Yes, there are plenty of solar energy products on the market. 2. No, more emphasis should be placed on creating solar alternatives.

42 Earth s natural and human cultural systems ability to survive, flourish, and adapt to changing environmental conditions into the long-term future is called. 1. acclimation 2. climate control 3. sustainability 4. stabilization 25% 25% 25% 25%

43 What term describes the variety of genes, organisms, species, and ecosystems in which organisms exist and interact? 1. biodiversity 2. natural capital 3. environmentalism 4. renewability 25% 25% 25% 25%

44 What are the three scientific principles of sustainability, as illustrated in the image below? 1. solar energy, purification, and population control 2. solar energy, fossil fuels, and biodiversity 3. air purification, chemical processing, and pest control 4. solar energy, chemical processing, and biodiversity 25% 25% 25% 25%

45 A major environmental problem is, or the contamination of the environment by a chemical or other agent. 1. chemical cycling 2. degradation 3. pollution 4. poverty 25% 25% 25% 25%

46 Do you think enough emphasis is being placed on the development of solar energy products for everyday consumers? 50% 50% 1. Yes, there are plenty of solar energy products on the market. 2. No, more emphasis should be placed on creating solar alternatives. 1 2