The Current Situation of CHP Plants with Solid Biomass in Europe

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1 The Current Situation of CHP Plants with Solid Biomass in Europe Workshop Current Potentials for Biomass CHP in Europe 26. February 2003, Athens Hannes Schwaiger, Gerfried Jungmeier, JOANNEUM RESEARCH Institute of Energy Research, Elisabethstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, AUSTRIA Ph:

2 Overview Conclusions Correlations of technical parameters Biofuels used Characters, age, technologies, capacities Existing CHP plants in selected European countries Accompanying measure BIOCOGEN (Task 2)

3 Considered Countries Turkey Netherlands UK Austria Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Portugal Italy Bulgaria Slovenia Switzerland Sweden

4 CHP plants in European Countries without cofiring with cofiring Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Slovenia Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Number of plants

5 Share of Co-fired CHP plants without co-firing 83% with co-firing 17%

6 Geographic Distribution Germany 37% Netherlands 1% Italy 1% Portugal 1% Slovenia 4% Switzerland 2% Sweden 9% Turkey 1% UK 2% Austria 20% France 1% Finnland 11% Denmark 11% Bulgaria 0%

7 UK Switzerland Turkey Sweden Slovenia Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Year of Construction unknown after before 1995 Number of plants

8 Distribution of Construction Year % after % before % unknown 46%

9 Turkey UK Slovenia Sweden witzerland Character of CHP plant unknown Commercial plant Demonstration plant Pilote plant Testing plant Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany etherlands Italy Portugal Number of plants

10 Distribution of Characters unknown 6% Testing plant 6% Commercial plant 68% Pilote plant 7% Demonstration plant 13%

11 Power Generation Technologies Other Gas turbine Gas engine Hot air turbine Stirling engine Organic Rankine Cycle Steam engine Steam turbine Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Slovenia Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Number of plants

12 Distribution of Installed Technologies Steam engine 18% ORC 7% Stirling engine 3% Gas engine 1% Gas turbine 9% Hot air turbine 1% Steam turbine 58% Other 3%

13 UK Electric Capacities of CHP Plants unknown >20 MW 5-20 MW 1-5 MW <1 MW Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Slovenia Sweden Switzerland Turkey Number of plants

14 Distribution of Electric Capacities 5-20MWel 21% >20MWel 15% unknown 6% 1 - <5MWel 23% < 1MWel 35%

15 Turkey UK Biofuels used 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Austria Bulgaria Denmark Finland France Germany Netherlands Italy Portugal Slovenia Sweden Switzerland Woodchips (forest residues) Woodchips (saw industry) Black Liquor Waste wood Bark Peat Straw Other % fuels used

16 Distribution of Biofuels Waste wood 4% Bark 8% Peat 3% Straw 3% Other 16% Paper sludge 4% Woodchips (saw industry) 23% Woodchips (forest residues) 39%

17 Ratio of Heat and electricity Thermal power [MW th ] Electric power [MW el ]

18 Ratio of Heat and electricity (selected < 5MWel) Thermal power [MW th ] ,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 Electric power [MW el ]

19 100 Electric Power and Electric Efficiency of Steam Turbines el. efficiency th. efficiency total efficiency Linear (el. efficiency) Linear (total efficiency) Linear (th. efficiency) Efficiency [%] El. power [MW el ]

20 Electric Power and Electric Efficiency of Steam Turbines (selected < 50MWel) 100 el. efficiency th. efficiency total efficiency Linear (total efficiency) Linear (th. efficiency) Linear (el. efficiency) Efficiency [%] El. power [MW el ]

21 Electric Power and Specific Investment Costs (< 10MWel) Spec. Investment [Mio /MW el ] Steam turbine Steam engine Other Organic rankine cycle Hot air engine Gas engine average steam turbine El. power [MW el ]

22 Increasing capacities leads to decreasing efficiencies Conclusions Most solid biomass CHP plants are located in countries of considerable forest industry ( ),most without cofiring Steam turbine and engine are most common technologies, significant share of ORC technology ( ) Stirling engines High amount of Commercial plants Most plants were already installed before 1995 (except of ) Smaller capacities <1 MW el ( ) larger capacities >20 MW el ( ) Most common biofuel is woodchips, others are bark( ) black liquor ( ), straw ( ) and peat ( )

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