2. How do you define ecosystem services? What do you see as the relationship between ecosystem services and biodiversity?

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1 Ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments 1. Are you familiar with the concept of ecosystem services? Yes 78.6% 337 No 21.4% 92 answered question 429 skipped question 0 2. How do you define ecosystem services? What do you see as the relationship between ecosystem services and biodiversity? 123 answered question 123 skipped question of 13

2 3. Are you familiar with the following ecosystem services tools relevant to Environmental Assessments? Yes No Guidelines on incorporating ecosystem services into EIAs and SEAs 37.8% (56) 62.2% (92) 148 Ecosystem services and human well-being framework (also known as Millenium Ecosystem Assessment framework) 68.5% (100) 31.5% (46) 146 Checklist of ecosystem services 47.3% (69) 52.7% (77) 146 Ecosystem services prioritization 25.7% (37) 74.3% (107) 144 Assessment of ecosystem services conditions, drivers and trends 39.9% (57) 60.1% (86) 143 Valuation of ecosystem services 62.3% (91) 37.7% (55) 146 Ecosystem service-based scenarios planning 23.2% (33) 76.8% (109) 142 Ecosystem services mapping 38.9% (56) 61.1% (88) 144 Corporate Ecosystem Services Review 22.4% (32) 77.6% (111) 143 answered question 149 skipped question of 13

3 4. Have you ever seen ecosystem services addressed in Environmental Assessments? Yes 40.5% 68 No 60.1% 101 answered question 168 skipped question In the past 3 years, how often have you read/ produced an Environmental Assessment addressing ecosystem services? Always 4.4% 2 Regularly 40.0% 18 Seldom 55.6% 25 answered question 45 skipped question of 13

4 6. Which ecosystem services are regularly addressed in Environmental Assessments? Crops 54.8% 23 Livestock 40.5% 17 Capture fisheries 57.1% 24 Aquaculture 38.1% 16 Wild foods 14.3% 6 Timber and other wood products 42.9% 18 Fibers and resins 14.3% 6 Animal skins 0.0% 0 Sand 16.7% 7 Ornamental resources 7.1% 3 Biomass fuel 31.0% 13 Freshwater 85.7% 36 Genetic resources 23.8% 10 Biochemicals, natural medicines, and pharmaceuticals 14.3% 6 Regulation of air quality 40.5% 17 Regulation of climate 45.2% 19 Regulation of water flows and timing 57.1% 24 Erosion control 64.3% 27 Water purification and waste treatment 57.1% 24 Disease mitigation 7.1% 3 Pest mitigation 11.9% 5 Pollination 14.3% 6 4 of 13

5 Natural hazards regulation 45.2% 19 Recreation and tourism 64.3% 27 Ethical and spiritual values 31.0% 13 Educational and inspirational 16.7% 7 Habitat 73.8% 31 Nutrient cycling 38.1% 16 Primary production 31.0% 13 Water cycling 38.1% 16 Other (please specify) 11.9% 5 answered question 42 skipped question of 13

6 7. Where were ecosystem services addressed in the Environmental Assessments you reviewed and/ or produced? Check all that apply. Screening 30.0% 12 Scoping - Terms of Reference 45.0% 18 Description of existing environment - biophysical 70.0% 28 Description of existing environment - socioeconomic 55.0% 22 Description of existing environment - section on ecosystem services 35.0% 14 Field data collection 40.0% 16 Scenarios building 30.0% 12 Identification of impacts 72.5% 29 Assessment of impact significance 70.0% 28 Mitigation measures 40.0% 16 Monitoring and auditing of Environmental Management Plan 32.5% 13 EI statement review 7.5% 3 Stakeholders engagement 37.5% 15 Communication of results of environmental assessment 22.5% 9 Other (please specify) 15.0% 6 answered question 40 skipped question of 13

7 8. Describe an Environmental Assessment that successfully addressed ecosystem services. If possible, be specific (country, sector, urban/ rural, scale..) and elaborate on the reasons of the success and the consequences for the quality of the Assessment. 23 answered question 23 skipped question Describe an Environmental Assessment that failed to address ecosystem services. If possible, be specific (country, sector, urban/ rural, scale..) and elaborate on the reasons of the failure and consequences for the quality of the Assessment. 20 answered question 20 skipped question What does "addressing ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments" mean to you? 93 answered question 93 skipped question of 13

8 11. What do you consider to be the value of addressing ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments? Check all that apply. accounting for all the benefits provided by the environment 85.6% 101 valuing biodiversity 73.7% 87 linking the biophysical and socioeconomic 83.1% 98 identifying ecosystem services risks to the proposed project 84.7% 100 identifying indirect and cumulative impacts 74.6% 88 clarifying the trade-offs of various project alternatives 63.6% 75 making more comprehensive economic valuation 61.9% 73 addressing resilience in socialecological systems 60.2% 71 identifying and engaging stakeholders 53.4% 63 promoting inter/trans-disciplinarity between specialists of the Environmental Assessment team 58.5% 69 none that I know 0.0% 0 I don't know 0.0% 0 Other (please specify) 11.0% 13 answered question 118 skipped question of 13

9 12. What are the barriers to a wider use of ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments? Check all that apply. Lack of understanding of what ecosystem services are 78.6% 92 Lack of understanding of the added value of addressing ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments 78.6% 92 Lack of guidance on how to address ecosystem services in Environmental Assessments Absence of requirements from clients in the ToR 85.5% % 80 Absence of regulatory requirements 70.9% 83 Lack of data on ecosystem services 70.9% 83 There are no barriers. Ecosystem services are already fully addressed in Environmental Assessments. 0.9% 1 I don't know 0.9% 1 Other (please specify) 12.8% 15 answered question 117 skipped question of 13

10 13. Who should address ecosystem services in an Environmental Assessment team? Biophysical specialist 8.4% 10 Socioeconomic specialist 8.4% 10 Team leader 3.4% 4 All of the above 71.4% 85 Other (please specify) 8.4% 10 answered question 119 skipped question Any additional thoughts or comments you want to share? 32 answered question 32 skipped question of 13

11 15. What is your employment type? Government 14.1% 24 Environmental consultancy 45.3% 77 Private developer 5.3% 9 Financial institution 2.9% 5 Non-governmental organization 10.0% 17 Other (please specify) 22.4% 38 answered question 170 skipped question What are your main roles regarding Environmental Assessments? Team leader 29.2% 49 Contributing to the biophysical section (description and impact assessment) 30.4% 51 Contributing to the socioeconomic section (description and impact assessment) 12.5% 21 Environmental Assessment reviewer 36.9% 62 Developing capacity 16.7% 28 Other (please specify) 26.2% 44 answered question 168 skipped question of 13

12 17. Which sectors are you most involved with? Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture 15.7% 26 Extractive industry 21.7% 36 Energy industry 30.1% 50 Infrastructure 40.4% 67 Industry 16.9% 28 No specific sector 17.5% 29 Other (please specify) 21.1% 35 answered question 166 skipped question Where are most of the projects for which you carry out Environmental Assessments? Urban, developed countries 45.2% 76 Rural, developed countries 35.7% 60 Urban, developing countries 12.5% 21 Rural, developing countries 16.7% 28 No specific geographic area 23.2% 39 answered question 168 skipped question of 13

13 19. How many years have you been in the environmental assessment profession? less than 2 years 15.1% years 27.7% years 21.1% 35 more than 10 years 36.1% 60 answered question 166 skipped question of 13