Ecosystem Services for Agriculture. An Initial Dialogue. December, 2010
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1 Ecosystem Services for Agriculture An Initial Dialogue December, 2010 World World Resources Resources Institute Institute
2 Agenda 1:30 Welcome and introductions 1:45 Ecosystem services the big picture 1:55 Ecosystem services & agriculture 2:00 Gap analysis 2:30 Candidate activities 3:00 Next steps
3 Biodiversity & ecosystem services (BES) Biodiversity Erosion control Water purification Maintenance of soil quality Pest mitigation Pollination Natural hazard mitigation Etc. Cultural/Ethical
4 Ecosystem services Provisioning Goods or products obtained from ecosystems Regulating Benefits obtained from control of natural processes by ecosystems Cultural Nonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems
5 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Findings Provisioning Regulating Degraded Mixed Enhanced Capture fisheries Wild foods Biomass fuel Freshwater Genetic resources Biochemicals, natural medicines, and pharmaceuticals Air quality (e.g., chemicals) Local climate (e.g., temperature) Erosion control Water purification and waste treatment Pest regulation Pollination Natural hazard Timber and other wood fiber Other fibers (e.g., cotton, hemp, silk) Water timing and flows Soil quality Disease Crops Livestock Aquaculture Global climate (GHG sequestration) Cultural Ethical values (spiritual, religious) Aesthetic values Education Recreation and ecotourism Source: Adapted from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
6 Long term utility of ecosystem services Natural hazard risk Adaptation to climate change ES metrics & science Regulations Air Land Water Landscape management Ecosystem functions Dependence Flows to people Tradeoffs Multiple scales Payments, markets & incentives Landscape restoration
7 Ecosystem services and agriculture Erosion control Water purification Soil quality Pest mitigation Pollination Flood control Etc. Water quantity Water quality GHG seq. Pollination Flood control Etc. MANAGEMENT GOALS NRCS/cost share (CEAP) Markets (e.g., nutrient, carbon) Supply chain development Grower outreach (Gates)
8 Gap analysis Ecosystem services FtM TSC GHG Sequestration Yes Yes Water quantity Yes Yes Water quality Yes Yes Water timing & flows Water purification (stormwater) Erosion control Yes Soil Quality Pest regulation Pollination Natural hazards (e.g., flood) Local climate (temperature) Air quality Cultural/ethical values?? Dependence on ES
9 Landscape planning
10 Site level analysis
11 Water stress index & dependence
12 Freshwater in LCA Source: Ridoutt, B. et al. Water footprinting at the production brand level: case study and future challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production 17 (2009)
13 Water markets currently in operation Tualatin River Middle Snake River Lower Boise* Southern Minnesota Beet Sugar Cooperative Rahr Malting Minnesota River Basin Great Miami Sugar Creek Red Cedar River Long Island Sound Pennsylvania Program Virginia Program Grassland Area Farmers Tradable Loads Program Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, (forthcoming). Bear Creek Chatfield Reservoir Cherry Creek Basin Lake Dillon Neuse River Tar- Pamlico Key * Note: The Lower Boise Program is low-activity due to lack of driver. States with high-activity trading markets States with low-activity trading markets (due to lack of driver) States with low-activity trading markets (due to recent development)
14 Water markets in development Shepherd Creek Upper Little Miami Willamette Partnership Vermillion River Portland Tradable Stormwater Program Charles River Lake Tahoe San Francisco Bay Maryland Program Cape Fear Passaic River West Virginia Upper Potomac Lower Colorado River Lake Allatoona Florida Ranchlands Environmental Services Project Source: Water Quality Trading: An Overview of Current Programs, (forthcoming).
15 Ecosystem services for LCAs Input-output/economic model Ecosystem Services Damage Potential Satellite analysis Landscape and site metrics
16 Candidate activities 1. Explore Dialogues, discussions, write issue briefs 2. Develop impact categories, metrics, methods Integrate TSC, FtM, others 3. Road test 4. Advance market/payments/incentives Satellite engagement (along chain) Develop schemes
17 For more information: John Finisdore
18 Step 1. Scope: Southern India Dry Cropland & Pasture Irrigated Cropland Cropland/Grassland Cropland/Woodland Grassland Shrubland Shrubland/Grasslan d Savanna Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Deciduous Needleleaf Forest Evegreen Broadleaf Forest Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Mixed Forest Target States: Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
19 Microsoft Office xcel Workshe
20 Step 3. Trends analysis Freshwater Expected change in number of rainy days (IPCC A2) Expected change in rainy intensity (mm/day) (IPCC A2)
21 Step 3. Trends analysis Water regulation Average daily flow storage capacity by basin Source: Briscoe, John Water: Bracing for a Turbulent Future, World Bank, October, 2005, Washington, DC
22 Case Example: Akzo Nobel Energy Natural resources Land use Emissions Toxicity Risk Environmental Footprint (normalized) high eco-efficiency low eco-efficiency Costs/Price (normalized) 0.2 Production Distribution SAR Profit
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