Blow Molding Handbook (Print-on-Demand)

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1 Blow Molding Handbook (Print-on-Demand) Technology, Performance, Markets, Economics. The Complete Blow Molding Operation Bearbeitet von Dominick V Rosato Neuausgabe Buch. XIV, 628 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17,6 x 25,1 cm Gewicht: 1276 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Verfahrenstechnik, Chemieingenieurwesen, Lebensmitteltechnik > Technologie der Kunststoffe und Polymere Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 CARL HANSER VERLAG D. V. Rosato Blow Molding Handbook Technology, Performance, Markets, Economics. The Complete Blow Molding Operation

3 CONTENTS Preface... v 1 Introduction Overview Industry Size Plastic Material Basic Blow Molding Process Blow Molding Type Extrusion Blow Molding vs. Injection Blow Molding Other Blow Molding Processes Dip Injection Blow Molding Compression Stretch Blow Molding Molding with Rotation Other Molding Processes Process Control Product Design Fabricating Basics Processing Fundamentals Variabilities Material Process Product and Tool Design Plastic Process Interaction Product Performance Coextrusion=Coinjection Processing Rule FALLO Approach Plasticator Melting Operation Feed Operation The Hopper Feed Rate The Hopper Feeder TheBarrel Barrel Length-to-Diameter Ratio

4 CONTENTS ix Barrel and Feed Unit Feed Cooling Unit Operation Barrel Grooves Barrel Check Alignment Plasticator Wobble Barrel Borescoping Heating and Cooling Barrels Barrel Temperature Measurement Heating Methods Cooling Methods Metal Detection Barrel Die Coupling Bell End Barrel Safety The Screw Screw Sections Feed Section Transition Section Metering Section Screw Action Screw Design Screw Mixing Melting Plastic Compression Ratio Screw Length-to-Diameter Ratio Screw Type Single Flight Square Pitch General Purpose Barrier Double Wave Pin Mixing Dulmage Maddock Marbleizing Multiple Flighted Planetary Pulsar Reverse Flight Saxton Conical or Involute Screw Torque Screw Cooling Static Mixer

5 x CONTENTS Screw=Barrel Bridging Screw=Barrel Clearance Screw-to-Diameter Size Screw Output Screw Material and Melt Flow Screw Replacement Plasticator Venting Purging Extrusion Blow Molding The Basic Process Processing Requirements Extrusion Head Blow Molding Press Melt Flow Parison Formation Parison Swell Parison Sag Viscoelasticity Pleating Parison Inflation Melt Fracture Extensional Flow The Milk Bottle Industrial Blow Molding Multilayer Manufacturing Coextrusion Blow Molding Coextrusion Applications Chemical Market The Food Market The Extruder Extruder Basics Single Screw Extruder Multiple Screw Extruder Twin Screw Extruder Extruder Operation Extruder Checks Startup Shutdown Other Operating Details Injection Blow Molding The Basic Process Coinjection: Fabricating Multilayer Coinjection Blow Molding Injection Molding

6 CONTENTS xi Machine Characteristic Molding Plastic Product Design Concept Molding Basics Plasticating Screw Design The Mold Processing Process Control Machine Type Reciprocating (Single-Stage) Screw Machine Two-Stage Machine Injection Hydraulic Accumulator Reciprocating vs. Two-Stage Machine Stretch Blow Molding The Basic Process Blowing Stages Advantages of Stretch Blow Molding Orientation Behavior Orientation and Crystallinity Coinjection SBM Molding a PET Bottle Mold Temperature Parison Temperature Bottle Weight Neck Design Shrinkage Hot Filled PET Bottle Other Characteristics Tooling (Dies and Molds) Overview EBM Die Heads Plastic Melt Behavior Die and Extruder Manifold Head Manifold and Die Accumulator Head Die Head Control Die and Mandrel Design Calculating Die and Mandrel Dimensions Die Shaping Die Orifice Coextrusion Die

7 xii CONTENTS 6.3 Extrusion Blow Molding Blowing the Parison Air Flow Needle Blowing Pinch-Off Molded Neck Prefinishing Flash Trimming Negative Pressure and Double Wall Blow Molds Injection Blow Molding Mold Preform Mold Type=Layout Multilayer Manufacturing Mold Design Basic Design Venting and Mold Surface Mold Cooling Reynolds Number Pressure Drop Heat Control Cooling Factors Internal Cooling Computer-Aided Mold and Product Design Mold Construction Materials Steel Dies and Molds Aluminum Other Materials Cooling Design Tool Surface Plating Coating Polishing Polishing Technique Conventional Manufacturing Preengineered Mold Quick Mold Change Buying a Mold Mold Safety Electrical Subcommittee Mold Interface Subcommittee Universal Guidelines Plastic Types and Processability Overview Basic Blow Molding Material Polymer to Plastic

8 CONTENTS xiii Density=Specific Gravity Molecular Weight Rheology Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Rheology and Mechanical Analysis Viscoelasticity Viscous=Elastic Basics Molecular Weight Distribution Elasticity Shear Sensitivity Behavior of Plastics Plastic Type Thermoplastics Crystalline and Amorphous Polymers Thermoset Plastic Crosslinked Thermoplastics Liquid Crystalline Polymer NEAT Plastic Virgin Plastic Copolymer Compounding and Alloying Commodity and Engineering Plastic Elastomer Foamed Plastic Fundamentals of Melt Processing Melt Deformation Viscosity Molecular Weight Distribution Melt Defect Influence of Processing Behavior Melt Temperature Glass Transition Temperature Mechanical Property and T g Barrier Container Material Monolayer Coating Multilayer Barrier Material Orientation and Crystallinity Orientation in Blow Molding Processing Effects on Properties Crystallization in Blow Molding Effects on Properties Intermolecular Bonding

9 xiv CONTENTS London Dispersion Forces Polarity Property Selecting the Plastic Preliminary Considerations Mechanical Properties Tensile Property Impact Energy Hardness Fatigue Strength Long-Term Stress Relaxation=Creep Shrinkage Thermal Property Thermal Aging Plastic Memory Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion Thermal Stress Property and Moisture Water Vapor Permeability Degradation Problem Checking Plastic Received Sampling Acceptable Quality Level Sampling Size Testing Evaluation of Plastic Processability Plastic Selection Test Quality Control Test Melt Index Melt Index Testing Other Melt Flow Tests Recycled Plastic Handling Regrind Size Reduction Drying Drying Hygroscopic Plastic Drying Nonhygroscopic Plastic PET Drying Nylon Drying Fundamentals of Product Design Overview Interrelation of Material and Process with Design Design, Shape and Stiffness Residual Stress and Stress Relaxation

10 CONTENTS xv Design Parameters Biaxial Orientation Interrelation of Design and Resin with Processing Design Approach Design Guidelines Design Basics Closures Handles for EBM and IBM Containers Hinges Snap Fits In-Mold Labeling Large Industrial Containers Double Wall Molding Mold Preparation and Other Considerations Complex Irregular Shape Moving Mold Section Integral HDPE Handle Lid Integral Handle, Double Wall, Internally Threaded HDPE Lid Drum Integral Handling HDPE Ring Multiple Parting Lines Moving Section Fixing the Moving Section The Newer Technology Orienting 3D Parison Advantages Available System Coextrusion Radial Wall Thickness Control Literature Other Approaches Collapsible Container Hot Fill PET Bottle Wide Mouth PET Containers Shrinkage Tolerance Behavior of Plastic Plastic with a Memory Viscoelastic Behavior Isochronous Stress Strain Relationship Decorating Process Control Overview Control Flow Diagram Control Problem=Solution

11 xvi CONTENTS 9.4 Basic Control Element Sensor and Gauge Transducer Pressure Sensor Temperature Sensor Computer Controller Overview Control Choice Programmable Controller Safety Control System via Website Fieldbus Communication Control Preform=Parison Thickness Control Processing Window Logic Control System Fuzzy Logic Control Intelligent Processing The TMConcept Startup and Shutdown Procedure Startup (HDPE) Shutdown Quality Control and Statistical Process Control Quality Control Statistical Process Control and Quality Control Computer Operation Overview Computer and Product Communication Benefit Finite Element Analysis Solving Equations Fundamental Operational Approach Prototyping Computer Tool Analysis Prototype Tooling Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Melt Flow Analysis Basic Melt Flow Analysis Computer Based Design and Manufacturing Aids Computer-Aided Design Computer-Aided Design Drafting Computer-Aided Engineering Computer-Aided Process Planning Computer-Aided Manufacturing Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Computer-Aided Testing

12 CONTENTS xvii Computer-Aided Quality Control Computer Optical Data Storage Computer-Based Training Computer Software Program Software and Database Rapra Free Internet Search Engine Process Selection and Auxiliary Equipment and Secondary Operations Overview Process Selection Auxiliary Equipment Drying Systems Hot-Air Dryer Dehumidifying Dryer Water Chilling and Recovery Heat Transfer Water Recovery Water Treatment Water Cooling Energy Saver-Heat Pump Chiller Granulator Tooling Dehumidification Feeding=Blending Material Handling Warehousing Part Handling Equipment Secondary Equipment Machining and Prototyping Molded Product Joining and Assembly Printing and Decorating Trouble Shooting and Maintenance Overview Maintenance Tools Cleaning Manual Cleaning Solvent Cleaning Ultrasonic Solvent Salt Bath Oven Fluidized Bed Cleaning Abrasive Carbon Dioxide Cryogenic Deflashing

13 xviii CONTENTS Brass Vacuum Pyrolysis Assembling Die=Mold PVD Coating Rebuilding and Repair Die, Mold, Screw, Barrel Stripping, Polishing, Plating Storage Inspection Screw Barrel Purging Troubleshooting Detailed Failure Analysis Rocker Bottoms and Oval Necks Defects Within the Blown Wall Bubbles Cold Spots Thinning Tearing Cutting Indented Parting Lines Poor Bottle Surface Curtaining and Webbing Blowouts Parison Curl, Stringing, Hooking, Sag, and Length Consistency Parison Curl Parison Stringing Parison Hooking Parison Sag Parison Length Inconsistency Foreign Matter in the Melt Look for Exterior Sources of Contamination First Degraded Resin Many Sources Culprit Man or Machine? Die Lines or Streaking in the Parison Shrinkage Causes of Stress Cracking Environmental Stress Cracking Solvent Stress Cracking Mechanical Stress Cracking Heat Too Much or Too Little and What to Do About It Instrument Recalibration

14 CONTENTS xix Surging Sharkskin Screw Wear Affects Performance Inspection Rollers Diameters Depths Concentricity and Straightness Hardness Finish and Coating Thickness Screw Manufacturing Tolerances Barrel Inspection Inside Diameters Straightness and Concentricity Barrel Hardness Barrel Specifications Detecting Container Leakage References Index

Torsion and Shear Stresses in Ships

Torsion and Shear Stresses in Ships Bearbeitet von Mohamed Shama 1st Edition. 2010. Buch. xxv, 277 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 14632 9 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1330 g Weitere Fachgebiete